This presentation would cover slides on the financial market, various types of financial market. Money market and the instruments of money market like the call money, treasury bills, certificate of deposits, commercial papers.
Markets for buying and selling equity and debt instruments. Capital markets channel savings and investment between suppliers of capital such as retail investors and institutional investors, and users of capital like businesses, government and individuals
Meaning, nature and role of capital market, features of developed capital market, reforms in the capital market, regulatory framework of capital market, capital market instruments and innovation in financial instruments.
This presentation would cover slides on the financial market, various types of financial market. Money market and the instruments of money market like the call money, treasury bills, certificate of deposits, commercial papers.
Markets for buying and selling equity and debt instruments. Capital markets channel savings and investment between suppliers of capital such as retail investors and institutional investors, and users of capital like businesses, government and individuals
Meaning, nature and role of capital market, features of developed capital market, reforms in the capital market, regulatory framework of capital market, capital market instruments and innovation in financial instruments.
An investor is a person who allocates capital with the expectation of a future financial return. Types of investment include : equity , debt securities , real estates, currency , and commodity , derivatives such as put and call options, etc,
Presentation on "Capital Market"
1.definition and characteristics
2.function and players
3.importance/role and types
4.factor and structure
5.reforms and development
An investor is a person who allocates capital with the expectation of a future financial return. Types of investment include : equity , debt securities , real estates, currency , and commodity , derivatives such as put and call options, etc,
Presentation on "Capital Market"
1.definition and characteristics
2.function and players
3.importance/role and types
4.factor and structure
5.reforms and development
Credit Rating Process with Respect to Corporate DebtSumit Kumar Singh
Volatility in the financial market is becoming common day by day as we are becoming more and more intensive towards global market. The importance of Credit Rating Agencies has gone up because an investor can't always keep track on key 'Financial Metrics' of companies. So investors try to fix this with the help of ratings assigned by Recognized Rating Agencies
Capital Market: Components & Functions of Capital Markets, Primary & Secondary Market Operations, Capital
Market Instruments - Preference Shares, Equity Shares, Non-voting Shares, Convertible Cumulative Debentures (CCD),
Fixed Deposits, Debentures and Bonds, Global Depository receipts, American Depository receipts, Global Debt
Instruments, Role of SEBI in Capital Market.
Financial system and markets:
objectives of financial system-
Concepts of financial system-
Financial concepts-
Development of financial systems in India-
Weakness of Indian financial system
Similar to Indian Financial System: a complete guide to indian financial system Bba ifs (20)
Resume
• Real GDP growth slowed down due to problems with access to electricity caused by the destruction of manoeuvrable electricity generation by Russian drones and missiles.
• Exports and imports continued growing due to better logistics through the Ukrainian sea corridor and road. Polish farmers and drivers stopped blocking borders at the end of April.
• In April, both the Tax and Customs Services over-executed the revenue plan. Moreover, the NBU transferred twice the planned profit to the budget.
• The European side approved the Ukraine Plan, which the government adopted to determine indicators for the Ukraine Facility. That approval will allow Ukraine to receive a EUR 1.9 bn loan from the EU in May. At the same time, the EU provided Ukraine with a EUR 1.5 bn loan in April, as the government fulfilled five indicators under the Ukraine Plan.
• The USA has finally approved an aid package for Ukraine, which includes USD 7.8 bn of budget support; however, the conditions and timing of the assistance are still unknown.
• As in March, annual consumer inflation amounted to 3.2% yoy in April.
• At the April monetary policy meeting, the NBU again reduced the key policy rate from 14.5% to 13.5% per annum.
• Over the past four weeks, the hryvnia exchange rate has stabilized in the UAH 39-40 per USD range.
how can i use my minded pi coins I need some funds.DOT TECH
If you are interested in selling your pi coins, i have a verified pi merchant, who buys pi coins and resell them to exchanges looking forward to hold till mainnet launch.
Because the core team has announced that pi network will not be doing any pre-sale. The only way exchanges like huobi, bitmart and hotbit can get pi is by buying from miners.
Now a merchant stands in between these exchanges and the miners. As a link to make transactions smooth. Because right now in the enclosed mainnet you can't sell pi coins your self. You need the help of a merchant,
i will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant below. 👇 I and my friends has traded more than 3000pi coins with him successfully.
@Pi_vendor_247
how can I sell pi coins after successfully completing KYCDOT TECH
Pi coins is not launched yet in any exchange 💱 this means it's not swappable, the current pi displaying on coin market cap is the iou version of pi. And you can learn all about that on my previous post.
RIGHT NOW THE ONLY WAY you can sell pi coins is through verified pi merchants. A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins and resell them to exchanges and crypto whales. Looking forward to hold massive quantities of pi coins before the mainnet launch.
This is because pi network is not doing any pre-sale or ico offerings, the only way to get my coins is from buying from miners. So a merchant facilitates the transactions between the miners and these exchanges holding pi.
I and my friends has sold more than 6000 pi coins successfully with this method. I will be happy to share the contact of my personal pi merchant. The one i trade with, if you have your own merchant you can trade with them. For those who are new.
Message: @Pi_vendor_247 on telegram.
I wouldn't advise you selling all percentage of the pi coins. Leave at least a before so its a win win during open mainnet. Have a nice day pioneers ♥️
#kyc #mainnet #picoins #pi #sellpi #piwallet
#pinetwork
Falcon stands out as a top-tier P2P Invoice Discounting platform in India, bridging esteemed blue-chip companies and eager investors. Our goal is to transform the investment landscape in India by establishing a comprehensive destination for borrowers and investors with diverse profiles and needs, all while minimizing risk. What sets Falcon apart is the elimination of intermediaries such as commercial banks and depository institutions, allowing investors to enjoy higher yields.
Turin Startup Ecosystem 2024 - Ricerca sulle Startup e il Sistema dell'Innov...Quotidiano Piemontese
Turin Startup Ecosystem 2024
Una ricerca de il Club degli Investitori, in collaborazione con ToTeM Torino Tech Map e con il supporto della ESCP Business School e di Growth Capital
how to swap pi coins to foreign currency withdrawable.DOT TECH
As of my last update, Pi is still in the testing phase and is not tradable on any exchanges.
However, Pi Network has announced plans to launch its Testnet and Mainnet in the future, which may include listing Pi on exchanges.
The current method for selling pi coins involves exchanging them with a pi vendor who purchases pi coins for investment reasons.
If you want to sell your pi coins, reach out to a pi vendor and sell them to anyone looking to sell pi coins from any country around the globe.
Below is the contact information for my personal pi vendor.
Telegram: @Pi_vendor_247
Latino Buying Power - May 2024 Presentation for Latino CaucusDanay Escanaverino
Unlock the potential of Latino Buying Power with this in-depth SlideShare presentation. Explore how the Latino consumer market is transforming the American economy, driven by their significant buying power, entrepreneurial contributions, and growing influence across various sectors.
**Key Sections Covered:**
1. **Economic Impact:** Understand the profound economic impact of Latino consumers on the U.S. economy. Discover how their increasing purchasing power is fueling growth in key industries and contributing to national economic prosperity.
2. **Buying Power:** Dive into detailed analyses of Latino buying power, including its growth trends, key drivers, and projections for the future. Learn how this influential group’s spending habits are shaping market dynamics and creating opportunities for businesses.
3. **Entrepreneurial Contributions:** Explore the entrepreneurial spirit within the Latino community. Examine how Latino-owned businesses are thriving and contributing to job creation, innovation, and economic diversification.
4. **Workforce Statistics:** Gain insights into the role of Latino workers in the American labor market. Review statistics on employment rates, occupational distribution, and the economic contributions of Latino professionals across various industries.
5. **Media Consumption:** Understand the media consumption habits of Latino audiences. Discover their preferences for digital platforms, television, radio, and social media. Learn how these consumption patterns are influencing advertising strategies and media content.
6. **Education:** Examine the educational achievements and challenges within the Latino community. Review statistics on enrollment, graduation rates, and fields of study. Understand the implications of education on economic mobility and workforce readiness.
7. **Home Ownership:** Explore trends in Latino home ownership. Understand the factors driving home buying decisions, the challenges faced by Latino homeowners, and the impact of home ownership on community stability and economic growth.
This SlideShare provides valuable insights for marketers, business owners, policymakers, and anyone interested in the economic influence of the Latino community. By understanding the various facets of Latino buying power, you can effectively engage with this dynamic and growing market segment.
Equip yourself with the knowledge to leverage Latino buying power, tap into their entrepreneurial spirit, and connect with their unique cultural and consumer preferences. Drive your business success by embracing the economic potential of Latino consumers.
**Keywords:** Latino buying power, economic impact, entrepreneurial contributions, workforce statistics, media consumption, education, home ownership, Latino market, Hispanic buying power, Latino purchasing power.
how can I sell my pi coins for cash in a pi APPDOT TECH
You can't sell your pi coins in the pi network app. because it is not listed yet on any exchange.
The only way you can sell is by trading your pi coins with an investor (a person looking forward to hold massive amounts of pi coins before mainnet launch) .
You don't need to meet the investor directly all the trades are done with a pi vendor/merchant (a person that buys the pi coins from miners and resell it to investors)
I Will leave The telegram contact of my personal pi vendor, if you are finding a legitimate one.
@Pi_vendor_247
#pi network
#pi coins
#money
how to sell pi coins effectively (from 50 - 100k pi)DOT TECH
Anywhere in the world, including Africa, America, and Europe, you can sell Pi Network Coins online and receive cash through online payment options.
Pi has not yet been launched on any exchange because we are currently using the confined Mainnet. The planned launch date for Pi is June 28, 2026.
Reselling to investors who want to hold until the mainnet launch in 2026 is currently the sole way to sell.
Consequently, right now. All you need to do is select the right pi network provider.
Who is a pi merchant?
An individual who buys coins from miners on the pi network and resells them to investors hoping to hang onto them until the mainnet is launched is known as a pi merchant.
debuts.
I'll provide you the Telegram username
@Pi_vendor_247
NO1 Uk Divorce problem uk all amil baba in karachi,lahore,pakistan talaq ka m...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
#vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore#blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #blackmagicforlove #blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #Amilbabainuk #amilbabainspain #amilbabaindubai #Amilbabainnorway #amilbabainkrachi #amilbabainlahore #amilbabaingujranwalan #amilbabainislamabad
USDA Loans in California: A Comprehensive Overview.pptxmarketing367770
USDA Loans in California: A Comprehensive Overview
If you're dreaming of owning a home in California's rural or suburban areas, a USDA loan might be the perfect solution. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) offers these loans to help low-to-moderate-income individuals and families achieve homeownership.
Key Features of USDA Loans:
Zero Down Payment: USDA loans require no down payment, making homeownership more accessible.
Competitive Interest Rates: These loans often come with lower interest rates compared to conventional loans.
Flexible Credit Requirements: USDA loans have more lenient credit score requirements, helping those with less-than-perfect credit.
Guaranteed Loan Program: The USDA guarantees a portion of the loan, reducing risk for lenders and expanding borrowing options.
Eligibility Criteria:
Location: The property must be located in a USDA-designated rural or suburban area. Many areas in California qualify.
Income Limits: Applicants must meet income guidelines, which vary by region and household size.
Primary Residence: The home must be used as the borrower's primary residence.
Application Process:
Find a USDA-Approved Lender: Not all lenders offer USDA loans, so it's essential to choose one approved by the USDA.
Pre-Qualification: Determine your eligibility and the amount you can borrow.
Property Search: Look for properties in eligible rural or suburban areas.
Loan Application: Submit your application, including financial and personal information.
Processing and Approval: The lender and USDA will review your application. If approved, you can proceed to closing.
USDA loans are an excellent option for those looking to buy a home in California's rural and suburban areas. With no down payment and flexible requirements, these loans make homeownership more attainable for many families. Explore your eligibility today and take the first step toward owning your dream home.
The European Unemployment Puzzle: implications from population agingGRAPE
We study the link between the evolving age structure of the working population and unemployment. We build a large new Keynesian OLG model with a realistic age structure, labor market frictions, sticky prices, and aggregate shocks. Once calibrated to the European economy, we quantify the extent to which demographic changes over the last three decades have contributed to the decline of the unemployment rate. Our findings yield important implications for the future evolution of unemployment given the anticipated further aging of the working population in Europe. We also quantify the implications for optimal monetary policy: lowering inflation volatility becomes less costly in terms of GDP and unemployment volatility, which hints that optimal monetary policy may be more hawkish in an aging society. Finally, our results also propose a partial reversal of the European-US unemployment puzzle due to the fact that the share of young workers is expected to remain robust in the US.
when will pi network coin be available on crypto exchange.DOT TECH
There is no set date for when Pi coins will enter the market.
However, the developers are working hard to get them released as soon as possible.
Once they are available, users will be able to exchange other cryptocurrencies for Pi coins on designated exchanges.
But for now the only way to sell your pi coins is through verified pi vendor.
Here is the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor
@Pi_vendor_247
Introduction to Indian Financial System ()Avanish Goel
The financial system of a country is an important tool for economic development of the country, as it helps in creation of wealth by linking savings with investments.
It facilitates the flow of funds form the households (savers) to business firms (investors) to aid in wealth creation and development of both the parties
2. Meaning and Definition
Financial System is a complex, well-integrated set
of sub-systems of
Financial institution,
Markets,
Instruments, and
Services
which facilitates the transfer and allocation of funds,
efficiently and effectively.
3. Formal and Informal Financial system
Formal Financial Sector is characterized by
presence of an organized, institutional and regulated
system which caters the financial needs of the
modern spheres of the economy.
Informal Financial Sector is an unorganized,
non-institutional and non-regularized system
dealing with the traditional and rural spheres of the
economy.
5. Informal financial system
Informal Financial Sector is an unorganized,
non-institutional and non-regularized system
dealing with the traditional and rural spheres of the
economy.
Advantages: 1). Low Transaction, 2). Minimum
default risk, 3). Less of formalities, 4). Less time
consuming, 5). Fulfillment of urgent requirements.
Disadvantages: 1). Unregulated 2). High rates of
interest 3). Less transparency of procedures, 4). Rise
to black money, 5). Exploitation of victims.
6. Components of Formal Financial System
1. Financial institutions;
2. Financial markets;
3. Financial instruments;
4. Financial services.
7. Components of Formal Financial System
Term finance institutions: IFCI, IDBI, ICICI,
SIDBI,IIBI.
9. Financial Markets
Financial markets are the mechanism enabling
participants to deal in financial claims.
Literally, financial markets also provide a facility in
which their demands and requirements interact to
set a price for such claims. (D=S)
10. Types of Financial Markets
1. Money Market: a market for short-term
securities or securities with a maturity of less than
one year;
2. Capital market: A market for long-term
securities or securities with a maturity period of
one or more year.
Primary market;
Secondary market.
11. Types of the Capital Market
1. Primary market: it refers to the market:
Where securities are created/issued;
where the securities are traded for very first time;
2. Secondary market: it refers to the market where
those securities traded which have already been
issued in the primary market:
Over the counter;
Trade through stock exchanges;
12. Types of the Capital Market
1. Primary market: it refers to the market:
Where securities are created/issued;
where the securities are traded for very first time;
2. Secondary market: it refers to the market where those securities traded which have already been
issued in the primary market:
Over the counter: trade thorough the direct
counters of the company or on the immediate
basis;
Trade through stock exchanges: approach to
BSE, NSE or any other stock exchange through
stock brokers or agents of registered broking
companies.
13. Types of the Capital Market
1. Primary market:
2. Secondary market:
Over the counter: trade thorough the direct counters of the company or on the
immediate basis;
Trade through stock exchanges: approach to BSE, NSE or any other stock
exchange through stock brokers or agents of registered broking companies.
Stock brokers or agents of registered broking
companies: these are the individuals, companies
or the institutions registered with SEBI (1992)
and are authorised to sale and purchase of
securities or the financial assets.
Share khan, Religare and Unicorn etc.
14. 3. Financial Instruments
Financial asset or the financial instrument is
the claim of money, against a particular person or
institution, at a future date, for a specific amount;
A financial asset may also include the claim of
periodic payment in form of interest or dividend,
Implies Debentures, shares, bonds and notes;
1. Primary securities: Equity, Debentures;
2. Secondary securities: Bank deposits, Insurance
policies and Mutual funds.
15. Features of a Security
Marketable;
Traceable;
Tailor-made.
16. Financial Services
Financial facilitate the
ease of:
1. Borrowing and funding;
2. Lending and investing;
3. Buying and selling;
4. Making and enabling
payments and settlements;
5. Managing risk and
exposures;
Need for Financial Services
17. Categories of Financial Services
1. Fund intermediation:
2. Liquidity facility:
3. Payment mechanism:
4. Risk management:
5. Financial engineering is the application of
mathematical methods to the solution of problems
in finance. It is also known
as financial mathematics, mathematical finance,
and computational finance.
18. Functions of a Financial System
Mobilize and allocate savings;
Monitor corporate performance;
Provide payment and settlement system;
Optimum allocation of risk bearing and reduction;
Disseminate price related information;
Offer portfolio adjustment facility;
Lower the cost of transactions;
Promote the process of financial deepening of
broadening. Financial Deepening: It refers to the increased
provision of financial services with a wider choice of
services geared to all levels of society.
19. Financial System and Economic
Increase in rate of saving and investments;
Increase in the productivity and production;
Growth in GDP and GNP of India;
Helps in capital formation;
Utilization of idle funds;
Maintains circular flows in economy;
Increase transparency and reduce risk of several
defaults.
Improvement in living standard;
20. Keys elements of well functioning financial system
A strong legal and regulatory environment;
Stable money;
Sound public;
Sound finances and public debt management;
A central bank;
Sound banking system;
Information system;
Well functioning securities market;
22. Financial Markets
Financial markets are the mechanism enabling
participants to deal in financial claims.
Literally, financial markets also provide a facility in
which their demands and requirements interact to
set a price for such claims. (D=S)
23. Types of Financial Markets
1. Money Market: a market for short-term
securities or securities with a maturity of less than
one year;
2. Capital market: A market for long-term
securities or securities with a maturity period of
one or more year.
Primary market;
Secondary market.
25. Meaning and Definition
Money market refers to the market for financial
assets that are close substitutes for money;
It is the market for overnight to short-term funds
and instruments;
Instrument having maturity period of one or less
than one year.
26. Features and characteristics of money market
1. Money market refers to the market for financial assets
that are close substitutes for money;
2. It is the market for overnight to short-term funds and
instruments;
3. Instrument having maturity period of one or less than one
year.
4. It is not a physical location (like stock exchanges),
hence activities are conducted over telephones;
5. Collection of several instruments and their markets;
6. Whole sale market of short term debt instruments;
7. Creditworthiness of the participants is important;
8. Main players are: DHFI, RBI, Banking institutions,
NBFCs, STCI, PSUs and non-residents Indians.
9. Need based market;
10. Price determination through free play of demand and
supply forces;
27. Functions of money market
• Money market is generally expected to perform
three broad functions:
1. Provide balancing mechanism to even out the
demand for and supply of short term funds;
2. Provide a focal point for central bank intervention
for influencing liquidity and general level of
interest rates in the economy;
3. Provide reasonable access t suppliers and users of
short term funds to fulfill their borrowings and
investment requirements at an efficient and market
clearing price.
28. Benefits of The Efficient Money Market
1. Provides a stable source of funds to banks;
2. Encourage development of non bank entities;
3. Facilitates government, market borrowing;
4. Makes effective monetary policy actions;
5. Helps in pricing different floating interest
products.
30. Role of Reserve Bank of India in The Money Market
Money market comes under the direct purview of
Reserve Bank of India;
The aims of RBI’s operations in the money market
are:
1. To ensure that liquidity and short term interest
rates are maintained at levels consistent with the
monetary
2. objectives of maintaining price stability;
3. To bring about order in foreign exchange market;
Tools of RBI: CRR, SLR and open market operations etc.
31. Organization of money market in India
Formal/organized money market;
Informal/unorganized money market.
32. Historical Background of Money Market in India
Developments in Money Market in India
In the 1980s:
1. Sukhamoy chakravorty committee on recommended
need for development of money market instruments:
1985;
2. N. Vagul’s working group on money market:1987;
3. Introduction of money market instruments: 182-days
treasury bills, certificate of deposit and inter-bank
participation certificate(1988-89) and commercial
papers(1990);
4. Abolition of interest rate ceiling on call money and
market based determination of interest rates (1988);
33. Historical Background of Money Market in India
Developments in Money Market in India
In the 1990s:
1. M. Narsimham committee (1991): a high level committee set by
government of India for financial sector reforms;
2. Recommendations of Narsimham committee:
Set up Security Trading Corporation of India(1994);
Primary dealer system(1995), satellite dealer system (1997) [In order
to increase the liquidity in the money market];
Focuses on financial deepening and financial liberalization;
Introduction of treasury bills with several maturity periods;
Auctioned treasury bills introduced (market determined
interest rates)
34. Historical Background of Money Market in India
Developments in Money Market in India
In the 1990s:
1. M. Narsimham committee (1991): a high level committee set by
government of India for financial sector reforms;
2. Recommendations of Narsimham committee:
Introduction of repo rates by RBI;
Reactivation of Bank rate(1997), introduction of LAF(2000), open
market operations (1998);
Introduction to the Money Market derivatives-FWD rate agreement
and interest rates swaps (1999);
Payment system infrastructure: negotiated dealing system(2002),
Clearing corporation of India(2002), RTGS(2004);
Operationalised Collateral Borrowing and Lending Obligation
(CBLO) under CCIL (2003);
35. Money Marker Centers In India
There are three money market centers in India,
which are located at:
1. Mumbai
2. Delhi
3. Kolkata.
Note: Mumbai is the only money market center in
India with money flowing in from all parts of the
country getting transacted there.
37. Money Market Instruments
1. Treasury bills are short-term instruments used by
the government to raise short-term funds;
• Negotiable securities;
• Highly liquid;
• No default risk;
• Assured yield, low transaction cost, inclusion in SLR
limit;
• Transacted through SGL account and not issued as a
scrip;
• Maturity periods are: 91-days, 181-days and 364-days;
• Min. amount of 25,000Rs. And multiples of the same.
• Categorized as: On-tap, auctioned and Adhoc T-bills.
38. Money Market Instruments
2. Call money: commercial banks borrow money
from other banks to maintain minimum cash
balance known as cash reserve ratio (CRR);
Maturity: over the night;
Rating:
Denomination: not specified or equal to NDTL;
Raised by: commercial banks;
Related term: notice money and term money.
39. Money Market Instruments
3. Notice Money: commercial banks borrow money
from other banks to maintain minimum cash
balance known as cash reserve ratio (CRR);
Maturity: 1 day to 14 days;
Rating:
Denomination: not specified;
Raised by: commercial banks;
Related term: call money and term money.
40. Money Market Instruments
4. Term money: commercial banks borrow money
from other banks to maintain minimum cash
balance known as cash reserve ratio (CRR);
Maturity: 15-364 days;
Rating:
Denomination: not specified;
Raised by: commercial banks;
Related term: notice money and call money.
41. Link between the call money market and other
financial markets
Call rate interest rate paid on the call loans;
MIBOR (1998): developed by National stock
exchange of India along with MIBID-Mumbai inter-
bank bid rate for overnight money markets; provides
quotations from overnight to 24 months;
LIBOR- London inter-bank offer rate;
Call rate volatility: call rates are subject to change;
43. Money market intermediaries in India
DHFI(1988)- discount and finance house of India;
Money market mutual funds of India;
44. Link between the money market and monetary
policy of India
Direct instruments :
Reserve requirements;
Limits on refinance;
Administered interest rates;
Qualitative and quantitative restrictions on the
credit;
Indirect instruments:
Open market operations
Repos.
47. Money Market Instruments
5. Commercial papers (CP-1990) is an unsecured
short-term promissory note issued at a discount by
creditworthy corporate, primary dealers and all-
Indian financial institution.
maturity: 7 days – 364 days;
Rating: P series of CRISIL;
Denomination: 5 lac and multiples;
Investment through: demat account.
48. Money Market Instruments
6. Certificates of deposits(CD-1989) are short-
term tradable time deposits issued by commercial
banks and financial institutions;
Maturity:7 days to 1 year for banks but 1-3 years for
FIs ;
Rating:
Denomination: 1 lakh and multiples;
Issued by: financial institutions.
Related term: it is same as FD but freely
transferable and tradable unlike the FD.
49. Money Market Instruments
7. Commercial bills (CB) are negotiable instruments drawn
on the seller by the buyer, in turn, accepted and discounted
by commercial banks;
1. Types of commercial bills:
Demand bill
Usance bill:
Clean bill:
Documentary bill:
Inland bill:
Foreign bill:
Hundi:
Derivative usance promissory notes:
Inchoate:
50. Money Market Instruments
7. Commercial bills (CB) are negotiable instruments
drawn on the seller by the buyer, in turn, accepted and
discounted by commercial banks;
1. Features of commercial bills:
Maturity: 30, 60,90 days usually;
Rating:
Denomination: not specified-can be any amount;
Discounted through: Commercial banks;
some time also known as trade bills; but known as the
commercial bill when discount by the bank.
51. Money Market Instruments
9. Collateralized borrowing and lending
obligations (CBLO): same as the call money
facility availed by the non-bank financial
institutions and entities;
Because non-bank financial institutions are not
eligible for availing the facility of the call money.
53. Meaning and Definition
Capital market is a market where securities with
the long tenure are bought and sold such as equity
and debt, funds are raised for long period;
54. Types of the Capital Market
1. Primary market: it refers to the market:
Where securities are created/issued;
where the securities are traded for very first time;
2. Secondary market: it refers to the market where
those securities traded which have already been
issued in the primary market:
Over the counter;
Trade through stock exchanges;
55. Role of capital markets in the growth of economy
It helps in economic growth of a country by
mobilizing the savings and direct is to the right way
for more productive uses:
Directs cash from deficit sector to the surplus sector:
issue of securities in the primary; domestic,
government, corporate sector.
direct cash from the surplus sector to the financial
intermediaries: issue of the secondary in the primary
market;
Facilitation of the liquidity: resale and repurchase of
the financial assets through the secondary market.
56. Functions of The Capital Market
1. Mobilization of savings;
2. Provides risk capital to entrepreneurs such as equity and quasi
equity;
3. Encourage broader ownership of productive assets through
equity participation;
4. Lower cost of transaction and information;
5. Improve efficiency of capital allocation through competitive
pricing methods;
6. Enable quick valuation of the financial assets i.e. share and
debentures;
7. Provides insurance against market risk;
8. Increases the width of market by enabling wider participation;
9. Provide operational efficiency;
10. Develop integration among different sectors and participants.
57. Components of Capital Market
1. Primary market: it refers to the market where
financial securities are created/issued and sold for
very first time; it serves the mobilization function
and capital creation/formation function;
2. Secondary market: it refers to the market where
those financial securities are re-bought and re-sold
which have already been issued and sold in primary
market; it facilitates the liquidity function.
Hence, primary market is for the new issues and
secondary market is for the outstanding or the
existing issues;
58. Primary Market
1. Primary market: it refers to the market where
financial securities are created/issued and sold for
very first time; it serves the mobilization function
and capital creation/formation function;
59. Issue of The Securities in Primary Market
Name of the Security Domestic issue External issue
1. Equity Corporate (primary
issues)
Financial
intermediaries (secondary
issues)
Through issue of:
Global Depository
Receipts (GDR);
American Depository
Receipt (ADR)
2. Debt Corporate (primary
issues)
Government (primary
issues)
External commercial
borrowing (ECB)
3. Other external
borrowings:
i. Foreign Direct
Investment (FDI)
See next slide
60. Issue of The Securities in Primary Market
Other external borrowings Method of investment
1. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) Equity form;
Debt form;
2. Foreign Institutional Investments
(FII)
In the form of portfolio investment;
3. Non-resident Indian Deposits (NRI) short- term and medium term
borrowings;
61. Methods of Issuing Equity in Primary Market
1. Public issues through prospectus: IPOs, FPOs;
2. Private placement;
3. Right issues;
4. Preferential issues;
62. Secondary Market
Secondary market: it refers to the market where
those financial securities are re-bought and re-sold
which have already been issued and sold in primary
market; it facilitates the liquidity function.
63. Functions of The Secondary Market
1. Facilitates liquidity and marketability of securities;
2. Provides valuation of securities;
3. Reduces cost of capital;
4. Enable price discovery;
5. Creates a wealth effect;