The document discusses incorporating sources into academic writing by quoting, summarizing, and paraphrasing sources. It advises using a SCC structure - signal with a lead-in phrase, cite the source, and comment on the cited idea. Quoting uses the exact words, paraphrasing restates the idea in your own words, and summarizing distills the main idea. Summarizing and paraphrasing help avoid plagiarism by putting others' work in your own words while still giving them credit.

1. INCORPORATING SOURCES QUOTING, SUMMARIZING, AND PARAPHASING

2. Incorporating Sources When using sources in the text of your paper, you must not let your own voice be “drowned out” or “overpowered” by the sources you cite.

3. Review

4. Incorporating Sources S C C

5. Incorporating Sources S IGNAL with a Lead-In Phrase that identifies the author and/or source of information. (You want to make it clear that you are referring to someone else’s idea, not claiming it as your own.) C ITE the source by either using a direct quotation, paraphrase, or summary. C OMMENT on the idea expressed in the citation.

6. Incorporating Sources Give proper credit to your sources. AVOID PLAGIARISM

7. Incorporating Sources Structuring your citations in this manner is similar to leading a discussion as a keynote speaker. You are in charge of the presentation and invite expert opinions during the course of your speech.

8. Incorporating Sources Your “panel of experts” supports your thesis, and you are the primary voice.

9. Incorporating Sources Direct Quotation: Using the exact words of an author in your paper Paraphrase : A detailed restatement of someone else’s idea expressed in your own words. Summary : Putting the main idea(s) into your own words.

10. Summarizing Example One

11. Summarizing Jack and Jill went up the hill to fetch a pail of water Jack fell down and broke his crown And Jill came tumbling after. Up got Jack, and home did trot As fast as he could caper He went to bed and bound his head With vinegar and brown paper.

12. Summarizing One possible summary: A boy and girl climbed a hill to get water. They both fell and were hurt. The boy used a homemade remedy for his head injury.

13. Summarizing Example Two

14. Summarizing At a typical soccer match we are likely to see players committing deliberate fouls, often behind the referee's back. They might try to take a throw-in or a free kick from an incorrect but more advantageous positions in defiance of the clearly stated rules of the game. They sometimes challenge the rulings of the referee or linesmen in an offensive way which often deserves exemplary punishment or even sending off. No wonder spectators fight amongst themselves, damage stadiums, or take the law into their own hands by invading the pitch in the hope of affecting the outcome of the match.' [100 words]

15. Summarizing One Possible Summary Unsportsmanlike behavior by soccer players may cause rowdiness among spectators. [10 words]

16. Summarizing Example Three: Betwixt the imbecilic simpleton and his pecuniary median, an immediate antipodal frame of reference will occur.

17. Summarizing A fool and his money are soon parted.

18. Incorporating Sources