The document discusses concepts related to critical thinking and philosophy for children. It provides examples of primary and secondary school concepts that could be discussed, such as fairness and language in primary school and history and identity in secondary school. It also discusses using Venn diagrams to explore how concepts can overlap or collide. Examples given include exploring the relationship between truth and opinion or between hero and villain. The document advocates using discussion of concepts to help students engage in critical thinking.

1. Challenge in the Learning Pitwww.jamesnottingham.co.uk

3. What are your ground rules for class discussions? 55 99

4. What if these two were in your class? Lynx and Lamb are the twin daughters of April Gaede, an activist and writer for the white nationalist organization National Vanguard. The twins' grandfather wears a swastika belt buckle and uses the Nazi symbol on his truck The twins believe Adolf Hitler was a great man with good ideas, such as incentives to improve the genetic quality of the German people, and marriage loans to help qualified German families In 2003, they were featured in a Louis Theroux BBC documentary, entitled Louis and the Nazis, on anti-semitism and white supremacy in the United States PRUSSIAN BLUE

5. Conflict Within a Person’s Mind 81

6. Wobblers (If A = B) Foreign Different If A = B then Does B = A? Different Foreign For example … 96

7. The Learning Challenge Concept Conflict Clarity 1 2 Confusion The Pit 188

8. Primary School Concepts Me Fairness Real Language Home Telling lies Growth/Change Same Pets Emotions Friends Thinking Belonging Dreaming 125

9. Secondary Concepts Hero Lies History Sport Identity Culture Bullying Real Fair Knowledge Language Test Drama Tourism Poem Music 125

11. What Makes Me, Me? 3 weeks old 2 years old 4 years old Adult What makes you, you? Are you the same person you were when you were a baby? If you had a different name, would you be a different person? When you play make believe, are you still you? 161

12. Colliding concepts Truth and Opinion Biodegradable and Reusable Hero and Villain Happy and Content Dreams and Daydreams Decision and Order Child and Youth Lies and Make-believe Toys and Books Karma and Revenge Worked examples at www.p4c.com

13. Using Venn Diagrams in the Learning Pit 1 2 3 4

14. What is a chair?

15. Just because you can’t define something, doesn’t mean you won’t recognise it when you see it. Ludwig Wittgenstein

17. Kriticos = able to make judgments Critical Thinking Comes from the Greek, Kriticos Meaning: able to make judgments Source: www.etymonline.com

19. Dunstanburgh Castle, Northumberland, UK

20. Contact Details www.jamesnottingham.co.uk james@p4c.com www.challenginglearning.com