Ethnic humor can take many forms and have different effects depending on context. It can be used offensively to ridicule ethnic groups or defensively to protect groups from ridicule. The targets of ethnic jokes are often marginalized groups on the periphery of society that the joke tellers identify with in a comical way. However, the same jokes told by outsiders can promote stereotyping. Understanding the cultural context and perspectives of both tellers and listeners is important for determining whether ethnic humor brings people together or drives them apart.
From Downton Abbey, Great Gatsby and Boardwalk Empire to the new Harry Potter prequel Fantastic Beasts, fans are flying back to the 1920s. But what's the appeal? How does 20s culture reflect our own and what does it reveal about history and its cycles? (Presented at Clockwork Alchemy, May 29 2016, San Jose, CA)
Lecture 08 - Difference, Loneliness, Separation (25 April 2012)Patrick Mooney
Eighth lecture for my students in English 104A, UC Santa Barbara, spring 2012. Course website: http://patrickbrianmooney.nfshost.com/~patrick/ta/s12/index.html
From Downton Abbey, Great Gatsby and Boardwalk Empire to the new Harry Potter prequel Fantastic Beasts, fans are flying back to the 1920s. But what's the appeal? How does 20s culture reflect our own and what does it reveal about history and its cycles? (Presented at Clockwork Alchemy, May 29 2016, San Jose, CA)
Lecture 08 - Difference, Loneliness, Separation (25 April 2012)Patrick Mooney
Eighth lecture for my students in English 104A, UC Santa Barbara, spring 2012. Course website: http://patrickbrianmooney.nfshost.com/~patrick/ta/s12/index.html
“Color Struck”: Racial Mimicry as the Root Jeremy Borgia
Zora Neale Hurston, born in 1891, has emerged as an iconic author in the fields of African-American and feminist literature; most famous for her novel Their Eyes Were Watching God, Hurston wrote a number of novels, plays, and short stories. Writing from the 1920s to the 1950s, Hurston’s work is predominantly positioned in the era of the Harlem Renaissance, which ended around the time of the Great Depression. She was an influential voice during this time period, working and arguing both with and alongside the likes of W.E.B. Du Bois and Alain Locke, each of whom had a disparate view of the role of art and literature in the movement for black American equality. Locke rejected “propaganda and ‘racial rhetoric’ for the most part as
obstacles to literary excellence and universal acceptance” (Classon 8), while Du Bois proclaimed, “I stand in utter shamelessness and say that whatever art I have for writing has been used always for propaganda for gaining the right of black folk to love and enjoy. I do not care a damn for any art that is not used for propaganda’’ (Du Bois 22). Hurston, however, was
suspicious of her contemporaries’ rhetoric, recognizing the superficial division between these two views. Both men endeavored to artificially bolster the black race by “proving” their merit to white America through literature—propagandistic or not; Hurston, however, was troubled by the notion that black society was being defined against “whiteness” in culture and literature. Indeed, her works demonstrate a criticism of these black leaders: that in their quest for equality, equality was confused with mimicking whiteness. In other words, the movement for equality became lost in the quest for sameness.
Analysis of:
- Neal, M. A. (2005). New black man. New York: Routledge.
- Chapter 3 -- Queers in a Barrel
- Gross, L. (2001). Up from invisibility: Lesbians, gay men, and the media in America. Columbia University Press.
- Chapter 1 -- The Mediated Society
- Chapter 3 -- Stonewall and Beyond
- Chapter 5 -- Television Takes Over
- Chapter 7 -- Journalism's Closet Open
- Chapter 8 --Breaking the Code of Silence
- Chapter 11 -- Beyond Prime Time
- Chapter 13 -- Old Stories and New Technologies
“An excuse for not overcoming” A comparative reading of institutional inferio...Eloivene Blake
“An excuse for not overcoming” A comparative reading of institutional inferiority and social marginality of Maoris in Alan Duff’s Once Were Warriors and What Becomes of the Broken Hearted?
48-110 (Foundations of Social Life) - Lesson Objectives:
1. Relate sexuality as a spectrum;
2. Distinguish sexual identity from sexual orientation;
3. Discuss how sexuality relates to gender;
4. Discuss the notion of sexual fluidity;
5. Define and discuss heteronormativity, homophobia and heterosexism;
6. Define and discuss Straight Privilege;
7. Identify the major issues impacting the LGBTQ+ community;
8. Recognize examples of positive and negative representations of LGBTQ+ in entertainment media;
9. Define and recognize examples of bisexual erasure;
10. Identify aspects of sexuality of interest to criminologists.
The new-age way to get your daily dose of desi humour. Anytime, anywhere. With our easy-to-use app, you can get access to funny jokes shared by desi joke lovers across the world.
“Color Struck”: Racial Mimicry as the Root Jeremy Borgia
Zora Neale Hurston, born in 1891, has emerged as an iconic author in the fields of African-American and feminist literature; most famous for her novel Their Eyes Were Watching God, Hurston wrote a number of novels, plays, and short stories. Writing from the 1920s to the 1950s, Hurston’s work is predominantly positioned in the era of the Harlem Renaissance, which ended around the time of the Great Depression. She was an influential voice during this time period, working and arguing both with and alongside the likes of W.E.B. Du Bois and Alain Locke, each of whom had a disparate view of the role of art and literature in the movement for black American equality. Locke rejected “propaganda and ‘racial rhetoric’ for the most part as
obstacles to literary excellence and universal acceptance” (Classon 8), while Du Bois proclaimed, “I stand in utter shamelessness and say that whatever art I have for writing has been used always for propaganda for gaining the right of black folk to love and enjoy. I do not care a damn for any art that is not used for propaganda’’ (Du Bois 22). Hurston, however, was
suspicious of her contemporaries’ rhetoric, recognizing the superficial division between these two views. Both men endeavored to artificially bolster the black race by “proving” their merit to white America through literature—propagandistic or not; Hurston, however, was troubled by the notion that black society was being defined against “whiteness” in culture and literature. Indeed, her works demonstrate a criticism of these black leaders: that in their quest for equality, equality was confused with mimicking whiteness. In other words, the movement for equality became lost in the quest for sameness.
Analysis of:
- Neal, M. A. (2005). New black man. New York: Routledge.
- Chapter 3 -- Queers in a Barrel
- Gross, L. (2001). Up from invisibility: Lesbians, gay men, and the media in America. Columbia University Press.
- Chapter 1 -- The Mediated Society
- Chapter 3 -- Stonewall and Beyond
- Chapter 5 -- Television Takes Over
- Chapter 7 -- Journalism's Closet Open
- Chapter 8 --Breaking the Code of Silence
- Chapter 11 -- Beyond Prime Time
- Chapter 13 -- Old Stories and New Technologies
“An excuse for not overcoming” A comparative reading of institutional inferio...Eloivene Blake
“An excuse for not overcoming” A comparative reading of institutional inferiority and social marginality of Maoris in Alan Duff’s Once Were Warriors and What Becomes of the Broken Hearted?
48-110 (Foundations of Social Life) - Lesson Objectives:
1. Relate sexuality as a spectrum;
2. Distinguish sexual identity from sexual orientation;
3. Discuss how sexuality relates to gender;
4. Discuss the notion of sexual fluidity;
5. Define and discuss heteronormativity, homophobia and heterosexism;
6. Define and discuss Straight Privilege;
7. Identify the major issues impacting the LGBTQ+ community;
8. Recognize examples of positive and negative representations of LGBTQ+ in entertainment media;
9. Define and recognize examples of bisexual erasure;
10. Identify aspects of sexuality of interest to criminologists.
The new-age way to get your daily dose of desi humour. Anytime, anywhere. With our easy-to-use app, you can get access to funny jokes shared by desi joke lovers across the world.
Americans are very unic people on the face of the earth. This book discuss more about their culture , traditions, ways of doing business, religions, life styles, etc.
If you are ever wondering what makes Americans always the no. 1 nation in the world, then read "The American People "
This book was complied many years ago, but it is still relevant today.
Because, everyone needs to know more about "The American People".
Compiled by: HRH. JOHN BABATUNDE LEE
Most of this presentation was created by Los Gatos High School. You can find the original version at www.lghs.net/ppt/Regionalism. I felt the information was important to share with my students. Therefore, I combined the information with a PowerPoint of my own to create this presentation. .
Stereotypes of working class wife beaters in 19th century EnglandJoanne Bailey
A short presentation on the 19th-century stereotype of the working-class wife-beater. It asks why this developed, what defined the stereotype, and considers its links to the industrial revoltuion, to regional working identiteis, and to ideas about manliness.
Tom Selleck Net Worth: A Comprehensive Analysisgreendigital
Over several decades, Tom Selleck, a name synonymous with charisma. From his iconic role as Thomas Magnum in the television series "Magnum, P.I." to his enduring presence in "Blue Bloods," Selleck has captivated audiences with his versatility and charm. As a result, "Tom Selleck net worth" has become a topic of great interest among fans. and financial enthusiasts alike. This article delves deep into Tom Selleck's wealth, exploring his career, assets, endorsements. and business ventures that contribute to his impressive economic standing.
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Early Life and Career Beginnings
The Foundation of Tom Selleck's Wealth
Born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, Tom Selleck grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. His journey towards building a large net worth began with humble origins. , Selleck pursued a business administration degree at the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. But, his interest shifted towards acting. leading him to study at the Hills Playhouse under Milton Katselas.
Minor roles in television and films marked Selleck's early career. He appeared in commercials and took on small parts in T.V. series such as "The Dating Game" and "Lancer." These initial steps, although modest. laid the groundwork for his future success and the growth of Tom Selleck net worth. Breakthrough with "Magnum, P.I."
The Role that Defined Tom Selleck's Career
Tom Selleck's breakthrough came with the role of Thomas Magnum in the CBS television series "Magnum, P.I." (1980-1988). This role made him a household name and boosted his net worth. The series' popularity resulted in Selleck earning large salaries. leading to financial stability and increased recognition in Hollywood.
"Magnum P.I." garnered high ratings and critical acclaim during its run. Selleck's portrayal of the charming and resourceful private investigator resonated with audiences. making him one of the most beloved television actors of the 1980s. The success of "Magnum P.I." played a pivotal role in shaping Tom Selleck net worth, establishing him as a major star.
Film Career and Diversification
Expanding Tom Selleck's Financial Portfolio
While "Magnum, P.I." was a cornerstone of Selleck's career, he did not limit himself to television. He ventured into films, further enhancing Tom Selleck net worth. His filmography includes notable movies such as "Three Men and a Baby" (1987). which became the highest-grossing film of the year, and its sequel, "Three Men and a Little Lady" (1990). These box office successes contributed to his wealth.
Selleck's versatility allowed him to transition between genres. from comedies like "Mr. Baseball" (1992) to westerns such as "Quigley Down Under" (1990). This diversification showcased his acting range. and provided many income streams, reinforcing Tom Selleck net worth.
Television Resurgence with "Blue Bloods"
Sustaining Wealth through Consistent Success
In 2010, Tom Selleck began starring as Frank Reagan i
Meet Crazyjamjam - A TikTok Sensation | Blog EternalBlog Eternal
Crazyjamjam, the TikTok star everyone's talking about! Uncover her secrets to success, viral trends, and more in this exclusive feature on Blog Eternal.
Source: https://blogeternal.com/celebrity/crazyjamjam-leaks/
In the vast landscape of cinema, stories have been told, retold, and reimagined in countless ways. At the heart of this narrative evolution lies the concept of a "remake". A successful remake allows us to revisit cherished tales through a fresh lens, often reflecting a different era's perspective or harnessing the power of advanced technology. Yet, the question remains, what makes a remake successful? Today, we will delve deeper into this subject, identifying the key ingredients that contribute to the success of a remake.
From the Editor's Desk: 115th Father's day Celebration - When we see Father's day in Hindu context, Nanda Baba is the most vivid figure which comes to the mind. Nanda Baba who was the foster father of Lord Krishna is known to provide love, care and affection to Lord Krishna and Balarama along with his wife Yashoda; Letter’s to the Editor: Mother's Day - Mother is a precious life for their children. Mother is life breath for her children. Mother's lap is the world happiness whose debt can never be paid.
Scandal! Teasers June 2024 on etv Forum.co.zaIsaac More
Monday, 3 June 2024
Episode 47
A friend is compelled to expose a manipulative scheme to prevent another from making a grave mistake. In a frantic bid to save Jojo, Phakamile agrees to a meeting that unbeknownst to her, will seal her fate.
Tuesday, 4 June 2024
Episode 48
A mother, with her son's best interests at heart, finds him unready to heed her advice. Motshabi finds herself in an unmanageable situation, sinking fast like in quicksand.
Wednesday, 5 June 2024
Episode 49
A woman fabricates a diabolical lie to cover up an indiscretion. Overwhelmed by guilt, she makes a spontaneous confession that could be devastating to another heart.
Thursday, 6 June 2024
Episode 50
Linda unwittingly discloses damning information. Nhlamulo and Vuvu try to guide their friend towards the right decision.
Friday, 7 June 2024
Episode 51
Jojo's life continues to spiral out of control. Dintle weaves a web of lies to conceal that she is not as successful as everyone believes.
Monday, 10 June 2024
Episode 52
A heated confrontation between lovers leads to a devastating admission of guilt. Dintle's desperation takes a new turn, leaving her with dwindling options.
Tuesday, 11 June 2024
Episode 53
Unable to resort to violence, Taps issues a verbal threat, leaving Mdala unsettled. A sister must explain her life choices to regain her brother's trust.
Wednesday, 12 June 2024
Episode 54
Winnie makes a very troubling discovery. Taps follows through on his threat, leaving a woman reeling. Layla, oblivious to the truth, offers an incentive.
Thursday, 13 June 2024
Episode 55
A nosy relative arrives just in time to thwart a man's fatal decision. Dintle manipulates Khanyi to tug at Mo's heartstrings and get what she wants.
Friday, 14 June 2024
Episode 56
Tlhogi is shocked by Mdala's reaction following the revelation of their indiscretion. Jojo is in disbelief when the punishment for his crime is revealed.
Monday, 17 June 2024
Episode 57
A woman reprimands another to stay in her lane, leading to a damning revelation. A man decides to leave his broken life behind.
Tuesday, 18 June 2024
Episode 58
Nhlamulo learns that due to his actions, his worst fears have come true. Caiphus' extravagant promises to suppliers get him into trouble with Ndu.
Wednesday, 19 June 2024
Episode 59
A woman manages to kill two birds with one stone. Business doom looms over Chillax. A sobering incident makes a woman realize how far she's fallen.
Thursday, 20 June 2024
Episode 60
Taps' offer to help Nhlamulo comes with hidden motives. Caiphus' new ideas for Chillax have MaHilda excited. A blast from the past recognizes Dintle, not for her newfound fame.
Friday, 21 June 2024
Episode 61
Taps is hungry for revenge and finds a rope to hang Mdala with. Chillax's new job opportunity elicits mixed reactions from the public. Roommates' initial meeting starts off on the wrong foot.
Monday, 24 June 2024
Episode 62
Taps seizes new information and recruits someone on the inside. Mary's new job
Skeem Saam in June 2024 available on ForumIsaac More
Monday, June 3, 2024 - Episode 241: Sergeant Rathebe nabs a top scammer in Turfloop. Meikie is furious at her uncle's reaction to the truth about Ntswaki.
Tuesday, June 4, 2024 - Episode 242: Babeile uncovers the truth behind Rathebe’s latest actions. Leeto's announcement shocks his employees, and Ntswaki’s ordeal haunts her family.
Wednesday, June 5, 2024 - Episode 243: Rathebe blocks Babeile from investigating further. Melita warns Eunice to stay clear of Mr. Kgomo.
Thursday, June 6, 2024 - Episode 244: Tbose surrenders to the police while an intruder meddles in his affairs. Rathebe's secret mission faces a setback.
Friday, June 7, 2024 - Episode 245: Rathebe’s antics reach Kganyago. Tbose dodges a bullet, but a nightmare looms. Mr. Kgomo accuses Melita of witchcraft.
Monday, June 10, 2024 - Episode 246: Ntswaki struggles on her first day back at school. Babeile is stunned by Rathebe’s romance with Bullet Mabuza.
Tuesday, June 11, 2024 - Episode 247: An unexpected turn halts Rathebe’s investigation. The press discovers Mr. Kgomo’s affair with a young employee.
Wednesday, June 12, 2024 - Episode 248: Rathebe chases a criminal, resorting to gunfire. Turf High is rife with tension and transfer threats.
Thursday, June 13, 2024 - Episode 249: Rathebe traps Kganyago. John warns Toby to stop harassing Ntswaki.
Friday, June 14, 2024 - Episode 250: Babeile is cleared to investigate Rathebe. Melita gains Mr. Kgomo’s trust, and Jacobeth devises a financial solution.
Monday, June 17, 2024 - Episode 251: Rathebe feels the pressure as Babeile closes in. Mr. Kgomo and Eunice clash. Jacobeth risks her safety in pursuit of Kganyago.
Tuesday, June 18, 2024 - Episode 252: Bullet Mabuza retaliates against Jacobeth. Pitsi inadvertently reveals his parents’ plans. Nkosi is shocked by Khwezi’s decision on LJ’s future.
Wednesday, June 19, 2024 - Episode 253: Jacobeth is ensnared in deceit. Evelyn is stressed over Toby’s case, and Letetswe reveals shocking academic results.
Thursday, June 20, 2024 - Episode 254: Elizabeth learns Jacobeth is in Mpumalanga. Kganyago's past is exposed, and Lehasa discovers his son is in KZN.
Friday, June 21, 2024 - Episode 255: Elizabeth confirms Jacobeth’s dubious activities in Mpumalanga. Rathebe lies about her relationship with Bullet, and Jacobeth faces theft accusations.
Monday, June 24, 2024 - Episode 256: Rathebe spies on Kganyago. Lehasa plans to retrieve his son from KZN, fearing what awaits.
Tuesday, June 25, 2024 - Episode 257: MaNtuli fears for Kwaito’s safety in Mpumalanga. Mr. Kgomo and Melita reconcile.
Wednesday, June 26, 2024 - Episode 258: Kganyago makes a bold escape. Elizabeth receives a shocking message from Kwaito. Mrs. Khoza defends her husband against scam accusations.
Thursday, June 27, 2024 - Episode 259: Babeile's skillful arrest changes the game. Tbose and Kwaito face a hostage crisis.
Friday, June 28, 2024 - Episode 260: Two women face the reality of being scammed. Turf is rocked by breaking
Maximizing Your Streaming Experience with XCIPTV- Tips for 2024.pdfXtreame HDTV
In today’s digital age, streaming services have become an integral part of our entertainment lives. Among the myriad of options available, XCIPTV stands out as a premier choice for those seeking seamless, high-quality streaming. This comprehensive guide will delve into the features, benefits, and user experience of XCIPTV, illustrating why it is a top contender in the IPTV industry.
Are the X-Men Marvel or DC An In-Depth Exploration.pdfXtreame HDTV
The world of comic books is vast and filled with iconic characters, gripping storylines, and legendary rivalries. Among the most famous groups of superheroes are the X-Men. Created in the early 1960s, the X-Men have become a cultural phenomenon, featuring in comics, animated series, and blockbuster movies. A common question among newcomers to the comic book world is: Are the X-Men Marvel or DC? This article delves into the history, creators, and significant moments of the X-Men to provide a comprehensive answer.
Panchayat Season 3 - Official Trailer.pdfSuleman Rana
The dearest series "Panchayat" is set to make a victorious return with its third season, and the fervor is discernible. The authority trailer, delivered on May 28, guarantees one more enamoring venture through the country heartland of India.
Jitendra Kumar keeps on sparkling as Abhishek Tripathi, the city-reared engineer who ends up functioning as the secretary of the Panchayat office in the curious town of Phulera. His nuanced depiction of a young fellow exploring the difficulties of country life while endeavoring to adjust to his new environmental factors has earned far and wide recognition.
Neena Gupta and Raghubir Yadav return as Manju Devi and Brij Bhushan Dubey, separately. Their dynamic science and immaculate acting rejuvenate the hardships of town administration. Gupta's depiction of the town Pradhan with an ever-evolving outlook, matched with Yadav's carefully prepared exhibition, adds profundity and credibility to the story.
New Difficulties and Experiences
The trailer indicates new difficulties anticipating the characters, as Abhishek keeps on wrestling with his part in the town and his yearnings for a superior future. The series has reliably offset humor with social editorial, and Season 3 looks ready to dig much more profound into the intricacies of rustic organization and self-awareness.
Watchers can hope to see a greater amount of the enchanting and particular residents who have become fan top picks. Their connections and the one of a kind cut of-life situations give a reviving and interesting portrayal of provincial India, featuring the two its appeal and its difficulties.
A Mix of Humor and Heart
One of the signs of "Panchayat" is its capacity to mix humor with sincere narrating. The trailer features minutes that guarantee to convey giggles, as well as scenes that pull at the heartstrings. This equilibrium has been a critical calculate the show's prosperity, resounding with crowds across different socioeconomics.
Creation Greatness
The creation quality remaining parts first rate, with the beautiful setting of Phulera town filling in as a scenery that upgrades the narrating. The meticulousness in portraying provincial life, joined with sharp composition and solid exhibitions, guarantees that "Panchayat" keeps on hanging out in the packed web series scene.
Expectation and Delivery
As the delivery date draws near, expectation for "Panchayat" Season 3 is at a record-breaking high. The authority trailer has previously created critical buzz, with fans enthusiastically anticipating the continuation of Abhishek Tripathi's excursion and the new undertakings that lie ahead in Phulera.
All in all, the authority trailer for "Panchayat" Season 3 recommends that watchers are in for another drawing in and engaging ride. Yet again with its charming characters, convincing story, and ideal mix of humor and show, the new season is set to enamor crowds. Write in your schedules and prepare to get back to the endearing universe of "Panchayat."
From Slave to Scourge: The Existential Choice of Django Unchained. The Philos...Rodney Thomas Jr
#SSAPhilosophy #DjangoUnchained #DjangoFreeman #ExistentialPhilosophy #Freedom #Identity #Justice #Courage #Rebellion #Transformation
Welcome to SSA Philosophy, your ultimate destination for diving deep into the profound philosophies of iconic characters from video games, movies, and TV shows. In this episode, we explore the powerful journey and existential philosophy of Django Freeman from Quentin Tarantino’s masterful film, "Django Unchained," in our video titled, "From Slave to Scourge: The Existential Choice of Django Unchained. The Philosophy of Django Freeman!"
From Slave to Scourge: The Existential Choice of Django Unchained – The Philosophy of Django Freeman!
Join me as we delve into the existential philosophy of Django Freeman, uncovering the profound lessons and timeless wisdom his character offers. Through his story, we find inspiration in the power of choice, the quest for justice, and the courage to defy oppression. Django Freeman’s philosophy is a testament to the human spirit’s unyielding drive for freedom and justice.
Don’t forget to like, comment, and subscribe to SSA Philosophy for more in-depth explorations of the philosophies behind your favorite characters. Hit the notification bell to stay updated on our latest videos. Let’s discover the principles that shape these icons and the profound lessons they offer.
Django Freeman’s story is one of the most compelling narratives of transformation and empowerment in cinema. A former slave turned relentless bounty hunter, Django’s journey is not just a physical liberation but an existential quest for identity, justice, and retribution. This video delves into the core philosophical elements that define Django’s character and the profound choices he makes throughout his journey.
Link to video: https://youtu.be/GszqrXk38qk
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As a film director, I have always been awestruck by the magic of animation. Animation, a medium once considered solely for the amusement of children, has undergone a significant transformation over the years. Its evolution from a rudimentary form of entertainment to a sophisticated form of storytelling has stirred my creativity and expanded my vision, offering limitless possibilities in the realm of cinematic storytelling.
5. 5
Humor is in all Cultures
• Mahadev Apte observes, “not only
does humor occur in all human
cultures, it also pervades all aspects of
human behavior, thinking, and
sociocultural reality; it occurs in an
infinite variety of forms and uses varied
modalities.”
6. 6
Anthropology vs. Folkore
• Elliott Oring says, “Anthropology focuses on the
concept of culture whereas folklore emphasizes the
notion of tradition.”
• “Folklorists would confront humor because a
number of the traditions they studied—tales, songs,
proverbs—were humorous.”
• “Indeed, jokes and other forms of humorous
expression would come to be recognized as the
preeminent forms of folkloric expression in
contemporary urban society.”
8. 8
Ethnic Joke Targets
• Christie Davies says that those in the second
column live on the geographical, economic, cultural
or linguistic periphery of the peoples in the first
column.
• The marginalized groups learn about the mainstream
groups, but the mainstream groups remain ignorant
of the marginalized groups.
• The joke tellers identify with the target groups and
see them as comically stupid versions of
themselves.
9. 9
• Christie Davies’ findings are consistent
with A. R. Radcliffe-Brown’s findings:
• The best joking relationship between
two groups is when the groups exhibit
“both attachment and separation, both
social conjunction and social
disjunction.”
10. 10
ETHNIC HUMOR AS SWORD OR SHIELD
• Depending on its context, humor can
be offensive (aimed at ridicule of an
ethnic group),
• Or it can be defensive (aimed at
protecting a group from ridicule),
• Or it can be both at the same time.
11. 11
ETHNIC STEREOTYPES
• HEAVEN is the place where the cooks are
French, the police are English, the
mechanics are German, the lovers are Italian,
and everything is organized by the Swiss.
• HELL is where the cooks are English, the
police are German, the mechanics are
French, the lovers are Swiss, and everything
is organized by the Italians.
12. 12
• Many jokes contain ethnic stereotypes.
• Christie Davies says, “To become
angry about such jokes and to seek to
censor them because they impinge on
sensitive issues is about as sensible as
smashing a thermometer because it
reveals how hot it is.”
14. HAROLD AND KUMAR ESCAPE FROMGUANTANAMO BAY:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EKuUMY6URXQ
14
15. 15
ETHNIC VS. POLITICAL JOKES
• Alan Dundes says that Americans have more
ethnic than political jokes because America has
a free press where politicians and politics are
lambasted on a daily basis.
• Americans therefore have little need for oral
political jokes.
• But because people are often uncomfortable
discussing such subjects as sexuality or racism,
these tend to become the hidden subjects of
joke cycles.
16. 16
INSIDERS VS. OUTSIDERS
• Why aren’t Jews concerned about the
abortion controversy?
• Because they don’t consider a fetus
viable until after it graduates from
medical school.
17. 17
• If the tellers or listeners of this joke are
gentiles, it may be anti-semitic,
criticizing Jews as being overly
ambitious and arrogant.
• But if the tellers or listeners are Jews, it
may be an expression of Jewish pride
and the extraordinarily high standards
of child rearing.
18. 18
• When a group member tells an ethnic or
religious joke, it opens the door for inner-
group communication and invites group
members to examine their attitudes and
behavior.
• But if outsiders tell the same joke, the effect
is the opposite, because the outsider focuses
on the group’s most obvious characteristics
and implies that these characteristics belong
to everyone in the group.
• Because outsiders have little power to bring
about internal change, the effect is to
stereotype the group, and this lessens the
chances for change.
19. 19
Jokes
• Most good joke-tellers do not memorize jokes.
• They simply remember the punch-line, the theme of
the joke and possibly a particularly good jab line or
two.
• And then they reinvent the story each time it is told.
20. 20
JOKE TARGETS
• Christie Davies says that Americans consider Poles, Italians,
and Portuguese stupid, and Jews, Scots, New Englanders and
Iowans as canny.
• Canadians consider Newfies as stupid and Jews, Scots and
Nova Scotians as canny.
• Mexicans consider people from Yucatan as stupid and people
from Monterey as canny.
• Nigerians consider Hausas as stupid and the Ibos as canny.
• The English, Welsh and French consider the Irish, Belgians and
Swiss as stupid, and the Scots and Jews as canny.
24. 24
Margaret Mead
• Derek Freeman writes that anthropologists
need to know the cultures they are studying.
• “Margaret Mead did not speak Samoan and in
large measure became a victim of the
Samoan sense of humor—what fun it must
have been for lively young Samoans to
deceive this tiny, pink, foolish American
woman who was asking them silly
questions.”
25. 25
• The Samoans were playing a practical
joke on Margaret Mead.
• For example, she was deceived into
thinking there was no rape in Samoa
(which had a far higher incidence of that
crime than most other societies).
26. STUFF WHITE PEOPLE LIKE:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-3FZhobYTXI%feature-related
26
27. 27
M.I.C.H.
• Robert Priest, a psychologist at West Point Military Academy,
has proposed what he calls the MICH Theory of Moderate
Intergroup Conflict Humor.
• He says that people will not use humor with each other unless
there is some kind of tension or strong feeling.
• However, when feelings go beyond the moderate level then
humor exacerbates, rather than helps a negative situation.
• Therefore, the most amusing jokes are usually found in the
middle ranges, because this is where the hostility does not
overpower the humor.
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LARRY MINTZ’S STAGES OF ETHNIC HUMOR
1. Critical Humor Targeting the Ethnic Group (e.g. Harpo Marx)
2. Self-Deprecatory Humor about the Ethnic Group (e.g. Chico
Marx)
3. Realistic Humor Accepting Integration (e.g. Groucho Marx)
4. Critical Humor Targeting Mainstream Culture (e.g. Woody
Allen, Lenny Bruce, Mel Brooks)
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RADIO ETHNICITY
• During the “golden age” of radio, ethnic voices were
fun to hear.
• One radio show which ran during the 1940s was
named “Allen’s Alley,” and featured Fred Allen.
• There was a loudmouth Irishman named Ajax
Cassidy, a farmer named Titus Moody, and a
pompous Southerner named Senator Beauregard
Claghorn, whose signature line was “that’s a joke,
son!”
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• Kenny Delmar modeled the Claghorn
character after a Texas rancher who
had given Delmar a ride in his Model-T
ford.
• Even today there is a Warner Brothers’
cartoon character by the name of
Foghorn Leghorn who is modeled after
Beauregard Claghorn.
31. 31
TARGETS OF ETHNIC HUMOR
• Christie Davies says that the most common
targets of ethnic humor, “live on the
geographical, economic, or linguistic edge of
the society or culture where the jokes are
told, live in small communities, or rural areas
on the periphery of a nation, are immigrants
concentrated in blue-collar occupations.
There is no evidence that the targets are
stupid, but they occupy stupid locations.”
32. 32
CHINESE ETHNICITY
• Chinese writer Frank Chin has criticized
Maxine Hong Kingston for Woman Warrior,
Amy Tan for The Joy Luck Club, and David
Henry Hwang for his plays F.O.B., and M.
Butterfly.
• He accuses these writers of “boldly faking”
Chinese fairy tales and childhood literature.
33. 33
• Kingston responded, “Sociologists have criticized
me for not knowing myths and for distorting them.”
• She explains that in China, pirates illegally translate
her books for publication in Taiwan and China.
• These pirates “correct” her myths, and revise them
to make them conform to traditional Chinese
versions.
• “They don’t understand that myths have to change,
be useful or be forgotten.”
• “Like the people who carry them across oceans, the
myths become American.”
34. 34
CONCLUSION
• We must keep some basic principles in mind
as we look at ethnic humor:
• Someone else’s ethnic identification does
not seem as important as does our own.
• The appreciation of ethnic humor correlates
with how much we know about, and identify
with, the joke target.
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• Humor is a tool that can be used either
for building up or tearing down
relationships.
• A joke told by a member of the targeted
group is quite different from the same
joke when it is told by an outsider.
36. 36
• We must also be aware that ethnic
humor now has an edge it didn’t used
to have.
• Toward the end of his career, Groucho
Marx began to worry about some of the
most talented comedians he knew who
would soon be out of work because
dialect humor was falling out of
fashion.
37. 37
• The inscrutable Charlie Chan’s pidgin English
disappeared from the airwaves and so did
Tonto’s manly grunting.
• Children no longer read El Gordo comic strips,
and both Beulah and Amos ‘n’ Andy
disappeared.
• In 1970, Bill Dana gave up telling jokes through
the voice of his popular Jose Jimenez character,
and Frito-Lay discontinued its Frito Bandito
commercials.