In Caenorhabditis elegans the two sexual phenotypes that occur are males and hermaphrodites. Males have testes and the hermaphrodites have both testes and ovaries. They have only one type of sex chromosomes - X and have autosomes. Sexes are determined by the ratio of sex chromosomes to autosomes. X chromosomes:autosomes XX/AA = 1 hermaphrodite ; XO/AA =0.5 males There are two sexes in mammals - males and female. In mammals, Y chromosome is used for sex determination. Y chromosomes confer maleness as it has a gene responsible for testes development of gonads. In its absence the gonads develop into ovaries conferring femaleness. XX female; XY male In birds, there are two sexes males and females. Here W chromosome confers femaleness. ZZ - male; ZW - female. 2. Reciprocal cross - the cross in which the phenotype of parents are reversed from the previous original cross. AA (male) x aa (female) - Original cross aa(male) x AA(female) - Reciprocal cross Significance of reciprocal cross - to find out the role of parental sex on pattern of inheritence. Solution In Caenorhabditis elegans the two sexual phenotypes that occur are males and hermaphrodites. Males have testes and the hermaphrodites have both testes and ovaries. They have only one type of sex chromosomes - X and have autosomes. Sexes are determined by the ratio of sex chromosomes to autosomes. X chromosomes:autosomes XX/AA = 1 hermaphrodite ; XO/AA =0.5 males There are two sexes in mammals - males and female. In mammals, Y chromosome is used for sex determination. Y chromosomes confer maleness as it has a gene responsible for testes development of gonads. In its absence the gonads develop into ovaries conferring femaleness. XX female; XY male In birds, there are two sexes males and females. Here W chromosome confers femaleness. ZZ - male; ZW - female. 2. Reciprocal cross - the cross in which the phenotype of parents are reversed from the previous original cross. AA (male) x aa (female) - Original cross aa(male) x AA(female) - Reciprocal cross Significance of reciprocal cross - to find out the role of parental sex on pattern of inheritence..