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In 1972 the small kingdom of Bhutan, in Asia, developed a measure of output that included “Happiness.” In class we also saw that former Senator Robert F. Kennedy criticized GDP for its inability to take into account the quality of life of a nation’s citizens. In 2013, President Obama has appointed you to look into developing a new measure of the nation’s overall economic wellbeing called the Gross Domestic Happiness Indicator (GDHI). What would you include in this new measure and how will you incorporate existing measures of GDP into the GDHI? Solution Ans I will include Gdp per capita, measures of social support, life expectancy at birth, corruption and nepotism, freedom to choose,pollution, public goods, environmental goods in thus measure. Gdp per capita is the existing measure that I will utilize..

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Measuring a Society's Progress All societies seek to create wellbeing for individuals. The question is not whether societies desire welfare or not. The fundamental questions are: What does wellbeing mean? How do we measure it? And how do we use indicators to organize society and its institutions to maximize wellbeing? Answering these complex questions is a challenging endeavor, especially given the diversity of values and worldviews around the globe. However, at the center of the essential questions of development and progress lie the indicators we use as a society to measure wellbeing and develop policies. As Hazel Henderson, futurist and evolutionary economist, said, "Statistical indicators are the structural DNA codes of nations. They reflect a society's values and goals and become the key drivers of economic and technological choices" (as cited in Salvaris, 2007). Indicators reveal particular information about society and should embody values that people care about, or at least should care about. Therefore, if indicators are to drive the policies that push society in a genuine direction of progress, they should adequately measure wellbeing and progress. What does GDP Measure? Gross Domestic Product (GDP) was developed in the United States to manage the Great Depression (1929 – early 1940s) and the wartime economy. It is simply a measure of how much money is exchanging hands, a measure of a country's output in a given year. It was never developed as a measure of social wellbeing or progress. In 2009, Jon Hall, former head of the Global Project on Measuring the Progress of Societies at the Organisation for Economic Co- Operation and Development (OECD), noted, "Somehow, over the last 30-40 years, GDP has been seen as a measure of progress although it was never developed for that purpose… If GDP was going up, then everything was fine in our society. GDP has been guiding institutions and politics. We need to say, 'No, GDP is not a measure of progress.' It is one measure of progress perhaps, but there are many other things to think about." Expert and professor of political science at Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Surat Horachaikul added, "How can we summarize something as complex as the progress and wellbeing of society in one single number like GDP? GDP fails to capture many of the components of a true wellbeing society" (personal communication, July 15, 2009). Over the years, the world has developed what Joseph Stiglitz, Professor of Economics, Columbia University, calls "GDP fetishism," a dogmatic fixation on GDP as a measure of progress. As a result, institutions and policies have revolved around maximizing GDP with little regard for what that means for individuals' standard of living and for social and environmental wellbeing. Alternatives to GDP If GDP is not an appropriate measure of wellbeing and progress, then what is? Questioning GDP means asking the quest ...

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Abstract of Happiness In Public Policy: The happiness movement represents a new paradigm where social, economic, and environmental systems are structured to encourage human well-being in a sustainable environment. Bhutan has adopted Gross National Happiness (GNH) as a way of determining its society’s success in contrast to purely economic goals and the singular use of the gross domestic product indicator. Bhutanese policy promulgation includes use of a GNH screening tool. In the United Kingdom, happiness indicators are being used to collect data and the government is starting to explore their application to policy. The Bhutanese GNH policy screening tool has been adapted for the grassroots activists, providing opportunities for everyone to participate in the happiness movement.

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Wellbeing or standard-of-living have become key policy objectives of governments worldwide and politicians have been grasping as what makes societies ‘better off’. Aristotle grappled with how to attain happiness and he suggested two key measurements: moral life, which was necessary to attain happiness, and material life, which was necessary to meet basic needs. However, today there are numerous indicators that are used in defining well-being which include: economics, theology, ecology and philosophys.

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Describe the three ways in which protists can move. Provide an example of a protist that uses each type of motion. Solution The three ways in which protists can move are by using 1. Cilia :-Cilia are tiny hair like projections that extend from their surfaces or from within the cell. Cilia enable protist to move in rhythmical fashion as they swim through the water. Cilia also helps protist to capture food. Example - Paramecium 2. Flagella - These are long, whiplike structures. Protist can have one or more flagellar structures.Flagella help protists move staedily through currents and waves Example- Giardia 3. Pseudopodia- Thsi is another type of locomotion.Protist moves by extending its body forward and then pulling rest of the body forward as well. The finger-like structure which the protist project forward is called pseudopod. Pseudopod is also used to trap food. Example - Amoeba.

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