This document discusses combining peer-to-peer (P2P) content distribution with IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) networks. IMS is a standardized service platform for next-generation networks that can provide advantages like quality of service guarantees. P2P technologies could help distribute growing multimedia content loads by utilizing peers' upload bandwidth. The document proposes a P2P content distribution service for IMS that would use IMS devices as peers, leverage resource reservation capabilities, and keep traffic local to access networks to reduce core loads while maintaining telco control over the network. Combining P2P with IMS could improve performance and open new business models for telcos distributing multimedia services.
A multimedia networking system allows for the data exchange of discrete and continuous media among computers.
This communication requires proper service and protocols for data transmission.
LAYERS: Provide a set of operations to the requesting application. Logically related services are grouped into layers according to the OSI layes.
PROTOCOL: A protocol consists of a set of rules which must be followed by peer layer instances during any communication between these two peers.
AMT - Automatic IP Multicast without Explicit TunnelsThomas Kernen
The article explains how AMT (Automatic IP Multicast without Explicit Tunnels) can help with delivering multicast based services to end points that may not current have an end to end multicast path available.
PLNOG 3: Andrew Haynes - The Future of the Networked World: Are you ready fo...PROIDEA
This document summarizes a presentation given by Andrew Haynes of Level 3 Communications. It discusses how online video consumption is growing rapidly and will continue to drive increased internet bandwidth usage. It outlines Level 3's global IP network and content delivery capabilities. It also discusses challenges internet service providers (ISPs) face in delivering high quality video and suggests strategies for ISPs, including working with partners that can provide solutions across their networks rather than trying to manage all aspects themselves.
This document provides an overview of computer networks and networking fundamentals. It discusses the basic components of a network including nodes, links, and different types of networks from personal area networks to wide area networks. Specific topics covered include network devices, topologies, local and wide area networks, internetworking, and storage area networks. The goal is to learn the basics of how computer networks work and operate at a fundamental level.
Enhanced Protocol for Wireless Content-Centric Network csandit
Recently, Content-Centric Networking (CCN) was intr
oduced and is expected as a new concept
of future internet architecture. Even though CCN is
initially studied for wired networks,
recently, it is also studied for wireless environme
nt. In this paper, we discuss improvement
method for efficient content flooding over wireless
CCNs. The proposed scheme of this paper
use MAC Address of nodes when Interest and Data Pac
ket are forwarded in order to limit the
area of flooding of packets. The proposed protocol
not only reduces the spread of Data packets,
but also offers priority of forwarding to nodes of
shortest path. As a consequence, it reduce
content download time which is proved by extensive
simulations.
Broad Band technology, Next generation network (NGN),DSLAMsabzalee
This document provides an overview of a workshop on broadband telecom networks. The objectives are to learn about reusing existing access networks for broadband services, digital subscriber lines (DSL), and upcoming broadband systems. Topics include the background of telecom networks, requirements for new access technologies, broadband technologies like DSL, and DSL architecture. DSL uses existing phone lines to provide broadband internet and other services at speeds greater than dial-up. It allows reuse of existing infrastructure at lower cost than alternatives.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
This document defines key terms related to content delivery and networking, including backbone, bandwidth, CDN, DSL, distributed computing, hosting company, ISP, latency, NSP, peer-to-peer networking, quality of service, streaming media, and webcasting. It then provides bandwidth specifications for common connection types and a quick takeaway section highlighting 10 key points about content delivery networks and peer-to-peer streaming.
A multimedia networking system allows for the data exchange of discrete and continuous media among computers.
This communication requires proper service and protocols for data transmission.
LAYERS: Provide a set of operations to the requesting application. Logically related services are grouped into layers according to the OSI layes.
PROTOCOL: A protocol consists of a set of rules which must be followed by peer layer instances during any communication between these two peers.
AMT - Automatic IP Multicast without Explicit TunnelsThomas Kernen
The article explains how AMT (Automatic IP Multicast without Explicit Tunnels) can help with delivering multicast based services to end points that may not current have an end to end multicast path available.
PLNOG 3: Andrew Haynes - The Future of the Networked World: Are you ready fo...PROIDEA
This document summarizes a presentation given by Andrew Haynes of Level 3 Communications. It discusses how online video consumption is growing rapidly and will continue to drive increased internet bandwidth usage. It outlines Level 3's global IP network and content delivery capabilities. It also discusses challenges internet service providers (ISPs) face in delivering high quality video and suggests strategies for ISPs, including working with partners that can provide solutions across their networks rather than trying to manage all aspects themselves.
This document provides an overview of computer networks and networking fundamentals. It discusses the basic components of a network including nodes, links, and different types of networks from personal area networks to wide area networks. Specific topics covered include network devices, topologies, local and wide area networks, internetworking, and storage area networks. The goal is to learn the basics of how computer networks work and operate at a fundamental level.
Enhanced Protocol for Wireless Content-Centric Network csandit
Recently, Content-Centric Networking (CCN) was intr
oduced and is expected as a new concept
of future internet architecture. Even though CCN is
initially studied for wired networks,
recently, it is also studied for wireless environme
nt. In this paper, we discuss improvement
method for efficient content flooding over wireless
CCNs. The proposed scheme of this paper
use MAC Address of nodes when Interest and Data Pac
ket are forwarded in order to limit the
area of flooding of packets. The proposed protocol
not only reduces the spread of Data packets,
but also offers priority of forwarding to nodes of
shortest path. As a consequence, it reduce
content download time which is proved by extensive
simulations.
Broad Band technology, Next generation network (NGN),DSLAMsabzalee
This document provides an overview of a workshop on broadband telecom networks. The objectives are to learn about reusing existing access networks for broadband services, digital subscriber lines (DSL), and upcoming broadband systems. Topics include the background of telecom networks, requirements for new access technologies, broadband technologies like DSL, and DSL architecture. DSL uses existing phone lines to provide broadband internet and other services at speeds greater than dial-up. It allows reuse of existing infrastructure at lower cost than alternatives.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
This document defines key terms related to content delivery and networking, including backbone, bandwidth, CDN, DSL, distributed computing, hosting company, ISP, latency, NSP, peer-to-peer networking, quality of service, streaming media, and webcasting. It then provides bandwidth specifications for common connection types and a quick takeaway section highlighting 10 key points about content delivery networks and peer-to-peer streaming.
This document summarizes an overview presentation on over-the-top content delivery and HTTP adaptive streaming. It discusses example services like Netflix, HBO Go, and BBC iPlayer. It also covers media delivery over the Internet, including the differences between managed IPTV delivery and unmanaged over-the-top delivery. The presentation also provides an overview of HTTP adaptive streaming building blocks and workflows for content generation, distribution, and consumption.
This document discusses and compares VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) and PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network) networks. It provides details on the evolution and architecture of PSTN networks and how they facilitate voice communications. It also describes how IP networks were developed for higher speed data and internet access. While most telecom providers built separate networks for voice and data, some now offer VoIP over their IP networks. The document analyzes advantages and disadvantages of carrying voice calls over IP networks versus circuit-switched networks like PSTN. It argues that a mixed network approach using both is most cost effective and ensures quality for real-time communications like voice and video.
This document discusses infrastructure for electronic commerce. It begins by describing protocols like HTTP, TCP/IP, and URLs that underlie internet applications. It then discusses web browsers, servers, security requirements like encryption, and protocols like SSL and SET. It concludes by covering online selling functions, outsourcing vs insourcing electronic storefronts, and electronic catalogs and merchant servers.
A ‘Baseband’ Network is one in which the cable or other network medium can carry only a single signal at any one time.
A ‘Broadband’ network on the other hand can carry multiple signals simultaneously, (using a discrete part of the cables bandwidth for each signal.)
As an example of broadband network, consider the cable television service that you probably have in your home. Although only one cable runs at your TV, it supplies you with dozens of channels of programming at the same time.
Internet TV, also known as IPTV, delivers video and audio content over an Internet connection. It can be viewed on computers, televisions through set-top boxes, and mobile devices. While similar to traditional TV delivery methods, Internet TV transmits information as data packets over the Internet rather than through broadcast radio waves or cable wires. It provides more content variety than cable TV and allows viewing on any Internet-connected device. IPTV is beginning to compete with traditional TV delivery by using existing broadband infrastructure to deliver television signals.
The document provides an overview of the key topics that will be covered in Chapter 1 of the textbook "Computer Networking: A Top Down Approach". It outlines the major sections that will be discussed including what the Internet is, the structure of networks including the network edge, core, and hierarchy. It also summarizes that delay, loss, throughput, protocol layers, security, and history will be covered. The goal is to provide an introduction and "feel" for computer networking concepts and terminology that will be explored in more depth throughout the course.
Digital and Analog--Bachelor of Computer ApplicationAjay Kumar
1) The document discusses key concepts in analog and digital communications including data, signals, channels, bit rates, bandwidth, modulation techniques, and transmission media.
2) It defines analog signals as continuous signals representing other varying quantities, while digital signals represent discrete values or sequences through techniques like pulse code modulation.
3) A channel refers to a transmission path, with examples including telephone lines, radio frequencies, fiber optic wavelengths, and computer networks. Channel capacity is determined by its bandwidth.
This document discusses the introduction chapter of a computer networking textbook. It provides an overview of what the Internet is, including its basic components and how data is transmitted. It also explains what protocols are and how they are used to govern communication between devices on the Internet.
Unit 7 - Internet and Intranet Applications - ITDeepraj Bhujel
This document discusses various topics related to internet and intranet applications including email, internet protocols, multimedia broadcasting, internet relay chat, broadband communication technologies, data centers, e-commerce, and unified messaging. It provides details on email formats, protocols like POP3, IMAP, MAPI. It also explains technologies like DSL, cable internet, VOIP, and protocols like IRC, SIP, and RTP. Further, it summarizes concepts of data warehousing, packet clearing houses, and benefits of unified messaging and e-commerce.
Voice over Ethernet - SIP Trunk Service for Large EnterprisesTalkTalk Business
The document discusses TalkTalk's SIP Trunk service for large enterprises as an alternative to ISDN30. It provides an overview of the typical deployment architecture using session border controllers and describes how SIP Trunks fit into the converged connectivity model. The key benefits highlighted are end-to-end management by a single supplier, reliability due to deployment on TalkTalk's fiber network, flexibility, and cost efficiency compared to using multiple vendors.
This document discusses technological convergence and its implications for antitrust policies regarding next generation networks. It defines technological convergence as the process through which innovations allow ICT services to be delivered over any platform. The document then outlines some key antitrust issues raised by convergence, including obstacles to entry, vertical integration, models of competition, bundled services, and access to content.
The document discusses an introduction chapter from a computer networking textbook, covering topics such as what the Internet is, network structure including the edge, core, and access networks, protocols, and a brief history of the Internet. It provides an overview of key concepts and terms in computer networking and outlines the structure and content of the introduction chapter.
E business webinternet slides world wide web / protocolsAsjadAli34
The document discusses different types of Internet connections. It describes dial-up, DSL, wireless, cable, satellite, and cellular/broadband connections. For each type, it provides details on the technology used, typical speeds, and how the connection is established between the user and Internet service provider. The document also defines several Internet protocols used for tasks like email, file transfer, and accessing web pages.
i. ISDN was initially developed to provide integrated digital services over circuit-switched networks and had advantages over traditional phone lines like supporting two simultaneous calls or data channels over one cable pair and higher data speeds.
ii. However, the rise of technologies like ADSL have reduced ISDN's advantages related to speed and capacity. Additionally, advances in traditional phone networks have reduced other ISDN benefits.
iii. Nonetheless, ISDN still has value for applications requiring synchronous connections like real-time communications, and could see renewed popularity for uses like voice-overs during remote recording or multi-location video conferencing.
The document summarizes an upcoming conference on fiber optic technology called FTTx Summit Europe. The conference will be held from April 11-14, 2011 in London and will bring together operators, regulators, and communities to discuss:
1) Justifying the business case for deploying fiber networks and optimizing roll-out of next generation access (NGA) technologies while complying with regulatory frameworks.
2) Learning from case studies of fiber deployments by operators like Swisscom, Openreach, TeliaSonera, and OTE about building the business case.
3) Hearing from speakers like France Telecom on optimizing deployment of Gigabit PON (G-PON
This document provides an overview of the telephony service provider market and the motivation for transitioning to VoIP networks. It discusses the key segments within the service provider market, including incumbent carriers, competitive carriers, cable and mobile operators. The main benefits driving the transition to VoIP are cost savings from leveraging existing IP infrastructure and statistical gains. VoIP also allows new revenue opportunities through services like wholesale minutes, retail minutes, and managed services.
MPLS: Future Proofing Enterprise Networks for Long-Term SuccessReadWrite
MPLS is a technology that facilitates various network services by attaching short labels to data packets to identify how they should be handled by routers. It provides more efficient routing and support for quality of service compared to traditional TCP/IP networking. MPLS is important for businesses because it allows them to consolidate multiple network types and prioritize applications to improve performance. When selecting an MPLS provider, enterprises should consider the provider's network coverage, experience implementing MPLS, pricing structure, and long-term ability to support the network's evolution.
Mpls Future Proofing Enterprise Networks For Long Term Success Wp101094Erik Ginalick
1) MPLS is a networking technique that facilitates efficient transport of different types of traffic like voice, video, and data over a single network. It provides simplified infrastructure, high scalability, availability, and security.
2) MPLS labels packets with short identifiers called labels which are used to route packets more efficiently compared to TCP/IP. This allows for traffic prioritization and quality of service.
3) For enterprises, MPLS enables converged wide area networking that reduces costs by decreasing the number of managed networks while improving flexibility, management, and application performance through traffic prioritization capabilities.
Digital media Series - caching & opportunity landscape - mobile videoSujit Mishra
This document discusses the opportunity for network operators to implement transparent caching to optimize bandwidth usage and improve quality of experience for users streaming mobile video. Transparent caching involves storing popular over-the-top web content in local caches within the network to reduce content response times. It has benefits of optimizing bandwidth, improving quality of experience, and bringing new revenue opportunities with low capital costs. The document also reviews the history of content caching technologies and how internal CDNs and transparent caching can complement each other in a holistic media delivery architecture.
Slides for protocol layering and network applicationsjajinekkanti
why and how Protocol layering is done in TCP/IP protocol suite, how multiplexing and demultiplexing can be done in different protocol layers in TCP\IP.
TU Darmstadt - KOM - P2P Group Overview 2006Kalman Graffi
The document discusses research from the Multimedia Communications department at TU Darmstadt. It focuses on peer-to-peer networking and improving efficiency in P2P systems. Key areas of research include location-based search using P2P overlays, accounting and incentives in P2P, and simulating large-scale P2P networks. The goal is to address challenges of scalability, fairness, and heterogeneity in current P2P systems.
This document summarizes an overview presentation on over-the-top content delivery and HTTP adaptive streaming. It discusses example services like Netflix, HBO Go, and BBC iPlayer. It also covers media delivery over the Internet, including the differences between managed IPTV delivery and unmanaged over-the-top delivery. The presentation also provides an overview of HTTP adaptive streaming building blocks and workflows for content generation, distribution, and consumption.
This document discusses and compares VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) and PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network) networks. It provides details on the evolution and architecture of PSTN networks and how they facilitate voice communications. It also describes how IP networks were developed for higher speed data and internet access. While most telecom providers built separate networks for voice and data, some now offer VoIP over their IP networks. The document analyzes advantages and disadvantages of carrying voice calls over IP networks versus circuit-switched networks like PSTN. It argues that a mixed network approach using both is most cost effective and ensures quality for real-time communications like voice and video.
This document discusses infrastructure for electronic commerce. It begins by describing protocols like HTTP, TCP/IP, and URLs that underlie internet applications. It then discusses web browsers, servers, security requirements like encryption, and protocols like SSL and SET. It concludes by covering online selling functions, outsourcing vs insourcing electronic storefronts, and electronic catalogs and merchant servers.
A ‘Baseband’ Network is one in which the cable or other network medium can carry only a single signal at any one time.
A ‘Broadband’ network on the other hand can carry multiple signals simultaneously, (using a discrete part of the cables bandwidth for each signal.)
As an example of broadband network, consider the cable television service that you probably have in your home. Although only one cable runs at your TV, it supplies you with dozens of channels of programming at the same time.
Internet TV, also known as IPTV, delivers video and audio content over an Internet connection. It can be viewed on computers, televisions through set-top boxes, and mobile devices. While similar to traditional TV delivery methods, Internet TV transmits information as data packets over the Internet rather than through broadcast radio waves or cable wires. It provides more content variety than cable TV and allows viewing on any Internet-connected device. IPTV is beginning to compete with traditional TV delivery by using existing broadband infrastructure to deliver television signals.
The document provides an overview of the key topics that will be covered in Chapter 1 of the textbook "Computer Networking: A Top Down Approach". It outlines the major sections that will be discussed including what the Internet is, the structure of networks including the network edge, core, and hierarchy. It also summarizes that delay, loss, throughput, protocol layers, security, and history will be covered. The goal is to provide an introduction and "feel" for computer networking concepts and terminology that will be explored in more depth throughout the course.
Digital and Analog--Bachelor of Computer ApplicationAjay Kumar
1) The document discusses key concepts in analog and digital communications including data, signals, channels, bit rates, bandwidth, modulation techniques, and transmission media.
2) It defines analog signals as continuous signals representing other varying quantities, while digital signals represent discrete values or sequences through techniques like pulse code modulation.
3) A channel refers to a transmission path, with examples including telephone lines, radio frequencies, fiber optic wavelengths, and computer networks. Channel capacity is determined by its bandwidth.
This document discusses the introduction chapter of a computer networking textbook. It provides an overview of what the Internet is, including its basic components and how data is transmitted. It also explains what protocols are and how they are used to govern communication between devices on the Internet.
Unit 7 - Internet and Intranet Applications - ITDeepraj Bhujel
This document discusses various topics related to internet and intranet applications including email, internet protocols, multimedia broadcasting, internet relay chat, broadband communication technologies, data centers, e-commerce, and unified messaging. It provides details on email formats, protocols like POP3, IMAP, MAPI. It also explains technologies like DSL, cable internet, VOIP, and protocols like IRC, SIP, and RTP. Further, it summarizes concepts of data warehousing, packet clearing houses, and benefits of unified messaging and e-commerce.
Voice over Ethernet - SIP Trunk Service for Large EnterprisesTalkTalk Business
The document discusses TalkTalk's SIP Trunk service for large enterprises as an alternative to ISDN30. It provides an overview of the typical deployment architecture using session border controllers and describes how SIP Trunks fit into the converged connectivity model. The key benefits highlighted are end-to-end management by a single supplier, reliability due to deployment on TalkTalk's fiber network, flexibility, and cost efficiency compared to using multiple vendors.
This document discusses technological convergence and its implications for antitrust policies regarding next generation networks. It defines technological convergence as the process through which innovations allow ICT services to be delivered over any platform. The document then outlines some key antitrust issues raised by convergence, including obstacles to entry, vertical integration, models of competition, bundled services, and access to content.
The document discusses an introduction chapter from a computer networking textbook, covering topics such as what the Internet is, network structure including the edge, core, and access networks, protocols, and a brief history of the Internet. It provides an overview of key concepts and terms in computer networking and outlines the structure and content of the introduction chapter.
E business webinternet slides world wide web / protocolsAsjadAli34
The document discusses different types of Internet connections. It describes dial-up, DSL, wireless, cable, satellite, and cellular/broadband connections. For each type, it provides details on the technology used, typical speeds, and how the connection is established between the user and Internet service provider. The document also defines several Internet protocols used for tasks like email, file transfer, and accessing web pages.
i. ISDN was initially developed to provide integrated digital services over circuit-switched networks and had advantages over traditional phone lines like supporting two simultaneous calls or data channels over one cable pair and higher data speeds.
ii. However, the rise of technologies like ADSL have reduced ISDN's advantages related to speed and capacity. Additionally, advances in traditional phone networks have reduced other ISDN benefits.
iii. Nonetheless, ISDN still has value for applications requiring synchronous connections like real-time communications, and could see renewed popularity for uses like voice-overs during remote recording or multi-location video conferencing.
The document summarizes an upcoming conference on fiber optic technology called FTTx Summit Europe. The conference will be held from April 11-14, 2011 in London and will bring together operators, regulators, and communities to discuss:
1) Justifying the business case for deploying fiber networks and optimizing roll-out of next generation access (NGA) technologies while complying with regulatory frameworks.
2) Learning from case studies of fiber deployments by operators like Swisscom, Openreach, TeliaSonera, and OTE about building the business case.
3) Hearing from speakers like France Telecom on optimizing deployment of Gigabit PON (G-PON
This document provides an overview of the telephony service provider market and the motivation for transitioning to VoIP networks. It discusses the key segments within the service provider market, including incumbent carriers, competitive carriers, cable and mobile operators. The main benefits driving the transition to VoIP are cost savings from leveraging existing IP infrastructure and statistical gains. VoIP also allows new revenue opportunities through services like wholesale minutes, retail minutes, and managed services.
MPLS: Future Proofing Enterprise Networks for Long-Term SuccessReadWrite
MPLS is a technology that facilitates various network services by attaching short labels to data packets to identify how they should be handled by routers. It provides more efficient routing and support for quality of service compared to traditional TCP/IP networking. MPLS is important for businesses because it allows them to consolidate multiple network types and prioritize applications to improve performance. When selecting an MPLS provider, enterprises should consider the provider's network coverage, experience implementing MPLS, pricing structure, and long-term ability to support the network's evolution.
Mpls Future Proofing Enterprise Networks For Long Term Success Wp101094Erik Ginalick
1) MPLS is a networking technique that facilitates efficient transport of different types of traffic like voice, video, and data over a single network. It provides simplified infrastructure, high scalability, availability, and security.
2) MPLS labels packets with short identifiers called labels which are used to route packets more efficiently compared to TCP/IP. This allows for traffic prioritization and quality of service.
3) For enterprises, MPLS enables converged wide area networking that reduces costs by decreasing the number of managed networks while improving flexibility, management, and application performance through traffic prioritization capabilities.
Digital media Series - caching & opportunity landscape - mobile videoSujit Mishra
This document discusses the opportunity for network operators to implement transparent caching to optimize bandwidth usage and improve quality of experience for users streaming mobile video. Transparent caching involves storing popular over-the-top web content in local caches within the network to reduce content response times. It has benefits of optimizing bandwidth, improving quality of experience, and bringing new revenue opportunities with low capital costs. The document also reviews the history of content caching technologies and how internal CDNs and transparent caching can complement each other in a holistic media delivery architecture.
Slides for protocol layering and network applicationsjajinekkanti
why and how Protocol layering is done in TCP/IP protocol suite, how multiplexing and demultiplexing can be done in different protocol layers in TCP\IP.
TU Darmstadt - KOM - P2P Group Overview 2006Kalman Graffi
The document discusses research from the Multimedia Communications department at TU Darmstadt. It focuses on peer-to-peer networking and improving efficiency in P2P systems. Key areas of research include location-based search using P2P overlays, accounting and incentives in P2P, and simulating large-scale P2P networks. The goal is to address challenges of scalability, fairness, and heterogeneity in current P2P systems.
In his public lecture, Christian Timmerer provides insights into the fascinating history of video streaming, starting from its humble beginnings before YouTube to the groundbreaking technologies that now dominate platforms like Netflix and ORF ON. Timmerer also presents provocative contributions of his own that have significantly influenced the industry. He concludes by looking at future challenges and invites the audience to join in a discussion.
This document discusses using network coding to improve live video streaming over peer-to-peer mesh networks. It begins by introducing live video streaming and its challenges. It then discusses peer-to-peer and wireless mesh networks as infrastructures for video distribution. Network coding is presented as a technique to increase bandwidth utilization, robustness, and video quality by allowing intermediate nodes to combine packets before forwarding. The results showed that network coding can reduce delay and jitter, increase data localization, and improve bandwidth utilization and network scalability.
Multimedia Video transmission is over Wireless Local Area Networks is expected to be an important component of many
emerging multimedia applications. However, Wireless networks will always be bandwidth limited compared to fixed networks due to
background noise, limited frequency spectrum, and varying degrees of network coverage and signal strength One of the critical issues
for multimedia applications is to ensure that the Quality of Service (QoS) requirement to be maintained at an acceptable level. Modern
mobile devices are equipped with multiple network interfaces, including 3G/LTE WiFi. Bandwidth aggregation over LTE and WiFi
links offers an attractive opportunity of supporting bandwidth-intensive services, such as high-quality video streaming, on mobile
devices. Achieving effective bandwidth aggregation in wireless environments raises several challenges related to deployment, link
heterogeneity, Network congestion, network fluctuation, and energy consumption. In this work, an overview of schemes for video
transmission over wireless networks is presented where an acceptable quality of service (QoS) for video applications required realtime
video transmission is achieved
This document provides frequently asked questions and answers about multicast technology. Multicast allows efficient delivery of data from one source to multiple destinations by replicating packets only where paths diverge. It provides benefits for content providers and network infrastructure compared to unicast. While limitations remain from lack of universal support, applications such as streaming media are well-suited to multicast and it allows more efficient usage of bandwidth resources.
Performance evaluation of mpeg 4 video transmission over ip-networksAlexander Decker
This document summarizes research evaluating the performance of transmitting MPEG-4 video over IP networks with and without quality of service (QoS). The researchers transmitted MPEG-4 video over a best-effort network and a QoS network in a simulation using NS-2. They measured peak signal noise ratio, throughput, and frame/packet statistics to compare the performance between the two networks. The results showed that transmitting video over the QoS network performed better than over the best-effort network.
11.performance evaluation of mpeg 0004www.iiste.org call for-paper video tran...Alexander Decker
This document evaluates the performance of transmitting MPEG-4 video over IP networks using two different network types: best-effort and Quality of Service (QoS). The researchers used the NS-2 network simulator along with additional tools to encode video, transmit it over simulated networks, then evaluate the received video quality. Key performance metrics like peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), throughput, and frame/packet statistics were calculated and compared between the best-effort and QoS networks. The results showed that transmitting MPEG-4 video over a QoS network achieved better performance than a best-effort network according to the measured metrics.
This document discusses the interaction between application layer multicast (ALM) trees and MPEG-4 video streaming. It examines how different coding parameters and tree structures affect end-user video quality as measured by PSNR. The paper presents a simulation system to test various combinations of NICE ALM trees and MPEG-4 parameters. Results show that coding choices and tree organization depend on network characteristics like packet loss and bandwidth distribution. Large GOP sizes and many B-frames optimize quality with rare losses, while small GOPs and fewer B-frames work best with frequent losses. Uniform bandwidth favors small clusters and long paths, while varied bandwidth prefers larger clusters and shorter paths.
This document discusses a metadata model for peer-to-peer media distribution developed as part of the P2P-Next project. The model defines core and optional metadata for describing media assets distributed via a peer-to-peer network. It also includes mappings to existing metadata standards. The model structures content into P2P-Next Items containing media files, metadata descriptors, and additional resources. An API based on MPEG-M allows creating and parsing the metadata descriptions.
A Brief Note On Peer And Peer ( P2P ) Applications Have No...Brenda Thomas
The document discusses peer-to-peer (P2P) networks and server-based client/server networks. In a P2P network, all computers have equal privileges to share and access information directly without restrictions. P2P networks are easier to set up but provide less security. In a client/server network, file storage and management is centralized on a server. This provides better security but is more complex to set up and manage. The document explores the advantages and disadvantages of each type of network for different usage contexts.
What is P2P networks, history, architecture, advantages and weaknesses, Legal issues, Security and Privacy issues, Economic issues, Applications of use and Future developments (April, 2010).
Comparative Analysis and Secure ALM P2P Overlay Multicasting of Various Multi...IJERD Editor
Multicasting is the delivery of a message or information to a group of destination computers simultaneously in a single transmission from the source. The copies of the messages are automatically created in other network elements like routers but only when the topology of the network requires it. Multicast is implemented most commonly in IP multicast which is further could be employed in internet protocol applications of streaming media. In the IP multicast the implementation of the multicast concept occurs at the IP routing level where routers create optimal distribution paths for datagram sent to a multicast destination address. At the Data Link Layer, multicast describes one-to-many distribution such as Ethernet multicast addressing, Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) point-to-multipoint virtual circuits (P2MP) multicast. In this paper we have compared various multicasting mechanisms. The comparison is done on the basis of various factors like complexity, overhead, maintenance, etc. The mechanisms that are part of the paper are a secure ALM P2P multicasting technique for large scale networks using face recognition, IP multicasting techniques and the overlay multicasting techniques. The comparison of these multicasting techniques will help us to design and Implement a Secure Application-Level Multicasting (SALM) P2P Overlay Multicasting for large Scale Network. The main objective of the paper is to discuss all the three above mentioned multicasting phenomenon’s and compare them on the basis of certain criterion so as carved out the best of all which can be further used for designing a secure multicasting technique which can take the best features of all combined together so as to get effective and efficient technique for multicasting the throughput of the network by effective and efficient delivery of the information to all the members of the group. The certain findings can be carved out of the comparison can help us to create a multicasting technique with less incurring of delays so that information can be delivered in limited time span and multicast path length so that efficient paths should be used so as to enhance performance in multicasting. Moreover in this paper we will study & investigate other issues that degrades the performance of Multicasting Techniques for large Scale Network and later we will come to know through the comparison that which technique performs well in these harsh environment and give effective results.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
This letter from BitTorrent to the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission discusses Internet traffic management practices of Internet service providers in Canada. It summarizes that BitTorrent allows more efficient distribution of content but has placed burdens on networks. While network management is important, discriminatory practices can stifle innovation. BitTorrent aims to work with ISPs to develop non-discriminatory solutions to network congestion through technology and protocol enhancements.
This document contains slides about multimedia networking. It discusses various types of multimedia applications like stored streaming, live streaming, and interactive real-time applications. It describes protocols used for multimedia like RTP, RTCP, and RTSP. Application-level techniques for multimedia over best-effort networks are also covered, such as client-side buffering and using UDP. Finally, it provides an example of setting up an interactive Internet phone call using these protocols.
This document discusses the benefits of Internet Exchange Points (IXPs) and peering. It explains that IXPs provide a neutral place for different actors in the internet ecosystem like content providers, carriers, and ISPs to directly peer and exchange traffic. Direct peering through an IXP offers benefits like reduced latency for local traffic, increased security since traffic stays local, and improved resilience. The document provides examples of how peering keeps local traffic local and discusses factors like route servers that support peering arrangements at an IXP.
2. A Survey of Rate Adaptation Techniques for Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over...AliIssa53
This document provides a survey of rate adaptation techniques for Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH). It discusses the evolution of video delivery over IP networks, including early use of UDP/RTP and development of standards like DASH. Rate adaptation is important for DASH to adjust video quality based on changing network conditions. The document categorizes rate adaptation techniques according to the feedback signals used and whether adaptation is done at the client, server, or network. It also reviews studies on measuring video traffic.
2. A Survey of Rate Adaptation Techniques for Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over...
Ims content distributionnetworks
1. P2P Content Distribution forMultimedia Services inIMS-based Telco Environments Alex Bikfalvi, Jaime Garcia, Ivan Vidal, Francisco Valera
2. Overview: P2P and IMS? Peer-to-peer Technologies … what is P2P (very brief)? … why P2P? … what content? … how? Next Generation Networks … IMS & NGN? … what is NGN/IMS? … why IMS? … how? February 3, 2009 2 Multimedia Services Does make sense combining P2P and NGN (IMS) technologies? How can we do this? What services can benefit from P2P content distribution? What are the advantages for the telcos? But for the users?
3. Outline (I) Multimedia services in today’s Internet (II) IMS – a multimedia service platform (III) P2P for multimedia content (IV) A content distribution service for IMS February 3, 2009 3
4. Part I: Multimedia Services Multimedia services in today’s Internet February 3, 2009 4
5. The Internet... in 2004 P2P traffic was 60% and rising ISPs identified P2P as a major challenge in network design It affects the QoS for all users Mostly, file-sharing: BitTorrent, eDonkey, Kad, Gnutella February 3, 2009 5 Source: Cache Logic “P2P in 2005”
6. The Internet… in 2007 Lately… the HTTP traffic is gaining the share back … in terms of percentage of total traffic (not absolute value) February 3, 2009 6 Source: Magid Media Futures survey
7. The Internet… in 2007 and beyond More than a third of the HTTP traffic is video streaming YouTube is the most popular; counts for around 20% That’s about 10% of all Internet traffic February 3, 2009 7 Source: Magid Media Futures survey The (near)future… Internet video, the new broadband “killer”application? More“***Tube” service providers? User generated content and commercial content
8. Video content distribution Growing user demand Increases bandwidth costs for the service providers YouTube: ≈ 25 PB / month ≈ 1.2 M$ / month Increases bandwidth demands for the ISPs Consequences (Popular) Service providers expect an increase in costs at the same quality of service Deploying/contracting CDN capacity ISPs need to provision new capacity to meet the demand Only selling capacity is not a good business plan for telcos February 3, 2009 8 Service Provider Content Distribution Network Internet Service/Access Provider (Telco) Internet Service/Access Provider (Telco) Internet Service/Access Provider (Telco)
9. Part II: IMS & NGN IMS as a multimedia service platform for Next Generation Networks February 3, 2009 9
10. The next generation… … service oriented architectures Telco keywords Triple-play packages: voice & TV & Internet Telcos don’t make most $$$ by selling bandwidth Telcos -> intermediary entities for service providers Convergence: legacy networks -> next generation (IP) February 3, 2009 10 Telco (Internet Access Provider) End-User Service Provider IP Core Network Common Management & Service & Control Functions xDSL PSTN Cable Cable GSM/3G PSTN xDSL GSM/3G
11. IP Multimedia Subsystem A platform for IP multimedia services Initially designed by 3GPP as an evolution of GSM/UMTS Currently extended to many more access networks Core of a Next Generation Network (TISPAN) February 3, 2009 11 Service Providers IP Multimedia Core Network Subsystem Service Layer Transport Control Functions Transport Layer IMS Gateways Legacy terminals Other Networks Core Network Access Networks 3GPPterminals IMS terminals Telco
12. IMS: the basics Functional entities connected by standardized interfaces Main purpose: creation of sessions to multimedia sessions Most of them handle the signaling not the media February 3, 2009 12 Conferencing AS Application Servers IPTV AS Voice AS Service Layer (Applications) VoD AS P-CSCF Call Session Control Functions P-CSCF S-CSCF HSS P-CSCF Service Layer (IMS) I-CSCF UE UE Access Networks Access Networks UE UE User Equipments Core Network UE Access Networks UE Access Networks Transport Layer UE UE UE UE
13. IMS: session signaling IMS uses SIP for session signaling Like a handshake between parties, before multimedia data can be exchanged Independent on transport layer (uses URIs to identify resources) SIP network elements User agents Servers: proxies, registrars, redirect servers In IMS the Call Session Control Functions are SIP servers Proxy-CSCF: the local proxy server for an User Equipment Interrogating-CSCF: the role of the registrar Serving-CSCF: proxy server performing session control February 3, 2009 13
14. IMS: session signaling example A SIP example: February 3, 2009 14 alice@atlanta.com @ 10.0.0.45 bob@biloxi.com @ 130.4.1.45 alice@atlanta.com 10.0.0.45 bob@biloxi.com 130.4.1.45 atlanta.com 10.0.0.1 biloxi.com 130.4.1.1 DNS DNS Query: SRV _sip.biloxi.com DNS Response: 130.4.1.1 INVITE sip:bob@biloxi.com INVITE sip:bob@biloxi.com Request Message Status Message 200 OK 200 OK ACK sip:bob@biloxi.com ACK sip:bob@biloxi.com
16. IMS: session signaling example In IMS each users has a dedicated SIP server: In the access (visited) network: the P-CSCF In the home network: the S-CSCF Each network has a I-CSCF (the role of the registrar) February 3, 2009 16 visited1.com atlanta.com biloxi.com visited2.com alice@atlanta.com pcscf.visited1.com scscf.atlanta.com biloxi.com scscf.biloxi.com pcscf.visited2.com bob@biloxi UE P-CSCF S-CSCF I-CSCF S-CSCF P-CSCF UE INVITE INVITE INVITE INVITE INVITE INVITE 200 OK 200 OK 200 OK 200 OK 200 OK 200 OK
17. IMS applications The S-CSCF perform service control based on user’s service profile Used to implement application servers Example: IPTV application server February 3, 2009 17 srv.atlanta.com:5999 RTSP/UDP alice@atlanta.com pcscf.atlanta.com scscf.atlanta.com iptv.atlanta.com UE P-CSCF S-CSCF AS INVITE iptv@atlanta.com INVITE iptv@atlanta.com INVITE iptv@atlanta.com Service Control 183 Session Progress SDP: srv.atlanta.com:5999 RTSP/UDP 183 Session Progress SDP: srv.atlanta.com:5999 RTSP/UDP 183 Session Progress SDP: srv.atlanta.com:5999 RTSP/UDP
18. Part III: P2P Multimedia Content Distribution P2P technologies for multimedia content The architecture of an IMS content distribution service February 3, 2009 18
19. Content distribution technologies What are IMS/NGN advantages? Multiple transport technologies Use of broadband and quality-of-service Separated service and transport functions Generalized mobility However… media (especially video) streaming is extremely expensive Applications target a lot of receivers We need support at the transport layer What are the options? IP multicast Content distribution network Peer-to-peer February 3, 2009 19 Media Server IMS IMS Terminals (set-top boxes)
20. Case study: video streaming What are IMS/NGN advantages? Multiple transport technologies Use of broadband and quality-of-service Separated service and transport functions Generalized mobility However… media (especially video) streaming is extremely expensive Applications target a lot of receivers We need support at the transport layer What are the options? IP multicast Content distribution network Peer-to-peer February 3, 2009 20 Media Server IMS IMS Terminals (set-top boxes)
21. Case study: video streaming What are IMS/NGN advantages? Multiple transport technologies Use of broadband and quality-of-service Separated service and transport functions Generalized mobility However… media (especially video) streaming is extremely expensive Applications target a lot of receivers We need support at the transport layer What are the options? IP multicast Content distribution network Peer-to-peer February 3, 2009 21 Media Server IMS IMS Terminals (set-top boxes)
22. Case study: video streaming What are IMS/NGN advantages? Multiple transport technologies Use of broadband and quality-of-service Separated service and transport functions Generalized mobility However… media (especially video) streaming is extremely expensive Applications target a lot of receivers We need support at the transport layer What are the options? IP multicast Content distribution network Peer-to-peer February 3, 2009 22 Media Server IMS IMS Terminals (set-top boxes)
23. P2P issues P2P looks fine… but: Peers may have an unpredictable behavior Resources (bandwidth, delay) may not be adequate We need uplink resources as well February 3, 2009 23 However,in NGN/IMS: Some peers may be considered stable (e.g. set-top boxes) Resources are known and reserved Once reserved, they are guaranteed Fan-out: 3 Fan-out: 2 Fan-out: 2
24. Trees vs. meshes Trees Mimic multicast Each peer selects a parent peer The content/stream can be divided and sent across several trees Meshes A peer obtains pieces from any available peer There is not a strict relationship: child-parent Instead peers can collaborate in sharing pieces February 3, 2009 24
25. Where P2P? P2P media vs. P2P signaling Until now we discussed P2P in media plane What is P2P signaling? Discovery of other peers using a P2P protocol For trees: a structured protocol (DHT) to find a parent For meshes: an unstructured protocol to find other peers With P2P signaling The functionality is distributed No need of a central entity February 3, 2009 25
26. Part IV: A P2P Content Distribution Service for IMS (work in progress) February 3, 2009 26
27. Incentives for P2P IMS network capabilities Smart IMS devices as peers: residential gateways, set-top boxes Transport: quality of service, resource reservation Telco policies: using capacity that is physically available but not paid for by the user Advantages All advantages of IMS: AAA, mobility, QoS Performance improvement goals Reduce load on core network / service provider Keep most of the traffic in the access network The telco controls the network P2P in a managed environment -> optimizations Business model Service providers -> Telco -> Users February 3, 2009 27
28. Why such a service? Video content may be the new killer app, but… … other services can benefit from P2P too (conferencing, software distribution) … even video may have different requirements (IPTV ≠ VoD) Content Distribution Service Provider Intermediary between the Multimedia Content Service Provider and IMS + transport layer Makes the content distribution transparent for the MCS Hides the specifics of the media content to the IMS/transport February 3, 2009 28 The Content Distribution Service is intended as an adaptation layer between the multimedia content and the mechanism (P2P or otherwise) used for content distribution
29. The idea February 3, 2009 29 Multimedia Services Content Distribution Service AS AS AS AS IMS Transport Network UE UE UE UE UE UE
30. The idea: IPTV simple example IPTV client Needs the address, port of a host delivering the video We call this host the content serving host February 3, 2009 30 UE alice@atlanta.com IPTV client CDS client cds.atlanta.com INVITE cds@atlanta.com SDP: provider=iptv3, ch=5 connect(ch5) AS INVITE cds@atlanta.com SDP: provider=iptv3, ch=5 183 Session Progress SDP: peer IP, port, protocol, codec 183 Session Progress SDP: peer IP, port, protocol, codec 200 OK 200 OK return IP, port, … ACK cds@atlanta.com ACK cds@atlanta.com
31. The infrastructure Different topologies for P2P P2P between UEs (same/different access networks) P2P between Edge Servers/Distribution servers February 3, 2009 31 Content Distribution Service IMS AS AS AS AS Multimedia Services Edge/Distribution Servers P2P P2P P2P P2P User Equipment (IMS terminals)
32. Business model February 3, 2009 32 Third Party Service Providers Trust Relationship Pays for the services retaining a % IMS CDS Provider Service Packager Transport Provider P2P streaming enabled network User-Network Interface Pay for data transport and third-party services Set-top boxes Users Telco
33. Case Study: IPTV Content: TV channels Number of pieces of content: relatively low (hundreds) Requirements Access time very important (channel switching) Low delay of live content (limited caching) Constant streaming (no interruptions) Design criteria P2P signaling not an option: latency too large Fast discovery of the content serving host (centralized, AS-based) The edge server may improve performance – maybe P2P signaling is an option here? February 3, 2009 33
34. Case Study: Video-on-Demand Content: published clips / user generated content Number of pieces of content: high (very high) Requirements Initial access time not critical Distributed content: caching/storage part of design Constant streaming after video started Design criteria P2P signaling could be essential (a lot of content to index) Redundancy P2P protocol can be optimized (no tit-for-tat) February 3, 2009 34
35. …other applications Other endeavors … telcos might pursuit Distributed computing Distributed storage Delay tolerant transfers Content distribution with social networking February 3, 2009 35
37. Conclusions P2P content distribution in IMS = P2P in a managed network Does it make sense? Bulk of the Internet traffic: P2P and video Telcos don’t make money from selling bandwidth IMS/NG is the right platform for telcos P2P in the transport layer could be a cost-effective approach TISPAN began working in this direction (first draft Nov ‘08) But Although 3GPP is pushing IMS standardization… … deployment in near future is uncertain February 3, 2009 37