The quality and digestibility of proteins is one of the most important issues in shrimp nutrition. Marine proteins (mainly fish meal) can only be partially replaced by standard vegetable proteins like soybean meal.
Production of shell eggs enriched with n-3 fatty acidsiosrphr_editor
Unsaturated long chain fatty acids (n-3 FAs) have been proposed in a human diet to reduce the risk of atherosclerosis and therefore the risk of stroke. N-3 FAs also play an important role in retinal and brain tissue development in the neonate. The main natural source of n-3 FA is marine fish. The aim of this work was to create shell egg enriched with n-3 FAs using natural golden marine algae (MA) as a supplement in hen's diet. Three experiments were conducted: (1) hundred hens from the hybrid Lohmann Brown were fed with diet containing 1.27% MA; (2) hundred hens from the same hybrid were fed with diet containing 1.77% MA; (3) hundred hens were the control group. The duration of the experiments was 4 weeks. Slight enriching of the shell egg yolk at the both groups fed with diet containing MA happened after the end of the second week. The concentration of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; C22:6, n=3) at the 1st experimental group was 90.3 mg/100 g of egg mass, and 112.1 mg/100 g of egg mass at the 2nd experimental group. The concentration of DHA at the control group was 54.5 mg/100 g of egg mass. After the 3rd week the concentration of DHA at the 1st group increased to 201.2 mg/100 g of egg mass and to 304.9 mg/100 g of egg mass at the 2nd group. At that time the concentration of the DHA at the control group remained unchanged. At the end of the 4th week the concentration of DHA reached the maximum level: 224.5 mg/100 g of egg mass at the 1st group and 328.4 mg/ 100 g of egg mass at the 2nd group. The concentration of the DHA at the control group was 51.9 mg/100 g egg mass. It is interested to note that eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; C20:5, n=3) appeared in low concentrations of 10-15 mg/100g of egg mass at the end of the 4th week of the experiment at the 2nd experimental group.
Replacement of Fish Meal with Fish Head Meal in the Diet on the Growth and Fe...theijes
The availability of fish head meal (FHM) as a substitute for fish meal (FM) was evaluated in lobster (initial weight: ±0.02) diets containing three levels of FHM (from 0, 25% and 50%). After 90 days, weight gain averages were g for fish fed diet in which FM was partially substituted with 100, 75, and 50 % FHM, and feed conversion ratios were 3.20, 3.05, 4.01, 3.65 and 4.46, respectively. No differences were obtained in weight gain, FCR, FE and SR for all treatments. The lobster fed diet C (50% FM : 50% FHM) was highest in FE and followed by the shrimp fed diet B (75% FM),diet A (100% FM), respectively. SR was highest in the lobster fed diet C and the lowest was found in the lobster fed diet A. This study concluded that FHM could replace FM up to 50% in the diet without compromising growth and survival rate of rock lobster juvenile.
Peas (Pisum sativum) are one of the four most important crops next to soybean, groundnut, and beans. It is a particularly important legume in temperate areas with numerous food (dry seed, vegetable) and feed (seed, fodder) usages.
The research shows the results of using a protease (Ronozyme ProAct) in improving protein and amino acid digestibility of a conventional commercial 45% protein Meat and Bone Meal.
Why not join the Feed Enzyme discussion on LinkedIn?
http://www.linkedin.com/groups?home=&gid=4738175&trk=anet_ug_hm&goback=%25
Follow us: @DSMFeedTweet
Or speak the expert: @Jobsorbara
Production of shell eggs enriched with n-3 fatty acidsiosrphr_editor
Unsaturated long chain fatty acids (n-3 FAs) have been proposed in a human diet to reduce the risk of atherosclerosis and therefore the risk of stroke. N-3 FAs also play an important role in retinal and brain tissue development in the neonate. The main natural source of n-3 FA is marine fish. The aim of this work was to create shell egg enriched with n-3 FAs using natural golden marine algae (MA) as a supplement in hen's diet. Three experiments were conducted: (1) hundred hens from the hybrid Lohmann Brown were fed with diet containing 1.27% MA; (2) hundred hens from the same hybrid were fed with diet containing 1.77% MA; (3) hundred hens were the control group. The duration of the experiments was 4 weeks. Slight enriching of the shell egg yolk at the both groups fed with diet containing MA happened after the end of the second week. The concentration of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; C22:6, n=3) at the 1st experimental group was 90.3 mg/100 g of egg mass, and 112.1 mg/100 g of egg mass at the 2nd experimental group. The concentration of DHA at the control group was 54.5 mg/100 g of egg mass. After the 3rd week the concentration of DHA at the 1st group increased to 201.2 mg/100 g of egg mass and to 304.9 mg/100 g of egg mass at the 2nd group. At that time the concentration of the DHA at the control group remained unchanged. At the end of the 4th week the concentration of DHA reached the maximum level: 224.5 mg/100 g of egg mass at the 1st group and 328.4 mg/ 100 g of egg mass at the 2nd group. The concentration of the DHA at the control group was 51.9 mg/100 g egg mass. It is interested to note that eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; C20:5, n=3) appeared in low concentrations of 10-15 mg/100g of egg mass at the end of the 4th week of the experiment at the 2nd experimental group.
Replacement of Fish Meal with Fish Head Meal in the Diet on the Growth and Fe...theijes
The availability of fish head meal (FHM) as a substitute for fish meal (FM) was evaluated in lobster (initial weight: ±0.02) diets containing three levels of FHM (from 0, 25% and 50%). After 90 days, weight gain averages were g for fish fed diet in which FM was partially substituted with 100, 75, and 50 % FHM, and feed conversion ratios were 3.20, 3.05, 4.01, 3.65 and 4.46, respectively. No differences were obtained in weight gain, FCR, FE and SR for all treatments. The lobster fed diet C (50% FM : 50% FHM) was highest in FE and followed by the shrimp fed diet B (75% FM),diet A (100% FM), respectively. SR was highest in the lobster fed diet C and the lowest was found in the lobster fed diet A. This study concluded that FHM could replace FM up to 50% in the diet without compromising growth and survival rate of rock lobster juvenile.
Peas (Pisum sativum) are one of the four most important crops next to soybean, groundnut, and beans. It is a particularly important legume in temperate areas with numerous food (dry seed, vegetable) and feed (seed, fodder) usages.
The research shows the results of using a protease (Ronozyme ProAct) in improving protein and amino acid digestibility of a conventional commercial 45% protein Meat and Bone Meal.
Why not join the Feed Enzyme discussion on LinkedIn?
http://www.linkedin.com/groups?home=&gid=4738175&trk=anet_ug_hm&goback=%25
Follow us: @DSMFeedTweet
Or speak the expert: @Jobsorbara
Organic, functional, designer & SPF feed production
The market for organic poultry products is strong
and growing. Integrating either small-scale or
large-scale production into your farm system can
be both enjoyable and lucrative.
Knowledge of amino acid (AA) digestibility of feed ingredients is necessary to feed broilers with
properly balanced compound diets. For this reason, more attention has recently been given to the
determination of AA digestibility of ingredients, recognizing that it may vary greatly depending
upon the feed ingredient. The effects of the inclusion of a mono-component serine protease
(Ronozyme® ProAct) on standardized ileal amino acid digestibility (SIAAD) of diets containing wheat
by-products (wheat DDGS (WDDGS) and wheat middlings (WM)) were evaluated in broilers.
- Improvement of SIAAD in the presence of protease is not the same for all AA and varies from one ingredient to another one. The effects of added protease are dependent on feed composition and on intrinsic digestibility of AA (COWIESON and ROOS (2014)).
- Factors such as type and quality of the ingredients, industrial processing and the presence of anti-nutritional substances such as tannins, phytates, trypsin inhibitors in plant species modulate the digestibility in poultry feed and thus the effectiveness of exogenous protease.
-The physiological state of animals (growth or maintenance), feed consumption or the nutritional feed quality could also influence the digestibility values.
Effects of mannanase and distillers dried grain with solubles on growth perfo...Pig Farm Solution
Effects of mannanase and distillers dried grain with solubles on growth performance nutrient digestibility, and carcass characteristics of grower-finisher pigs S. Y. Yoon, Y. X. Yang, P. L. Shinde, J. Y. Choi, J. S. Kim, Y. W. Kim, K. Yun, J. K. Jo, J.
H. Lee, S. J. Ohh, I. K. Kwon and B. J. Chae J Anim Sci
published online Sep 11, 2009
Can proteases play a role in enteric health- Langhout, P. Presentation for Workshop 4, at the Feed Proteases and enzyme presentation, The Netherlands, 2014
Dr. Dean Boyd - Improving Finish Pig Viability By Using XylanaseJohn Blue
Improving Finish Pig Viability By Using Xylanase - Dr. Dean Boyd, The Hanor Company, from the 2015 Allen D. Leman Swine Conference, September 19-22, 2015, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.
More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2015-leman-swine-conference-material
Dr. Young-Dal Jang - Evaluating Nutrient Uplift When Feeding XylanaseJohn Blue
Evaluating Nutrient Uplift When Feeding Xylanase - Dr. Young-Dal Jang, from the 2015 Allen D. Leman Swine Conference, September 19-22, 2015, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.
More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2015-leman-swine-conference-material
Research on the effect of protease (RONOZYME ProAct) in improving Amino Acid digestibility of corn, which is widely utilized in broiler diets. This would result in more energy utilization. Read the presentation to find out the research results.
To find out more about DSM go to: http://www.dsm.com/markets/anh/en_US/home.html
Organic, functional, designer & SPF feed production
The market for organic poultry products is strong
and growing. Integrating either small-scale or
large-scale production into your farm system can
be both enjoyable and lucrative.
Knowledge of amino acid (AA) digestibility of feed ingredients is necessary to feed broilers with
properly balanced compound diets. For this reason, more attention has recently been given to the
determination of AA digestibility of ingredients, recognizing that it may vary greatly depending
upon the feed ingredient. The effects of the inclusion of a mono-component serine protease
(Ronozyme® ProAct) on standardized ileal amino acid digestibility (SIAAD) of diets containing wheat
by-products (wheat DDGS (WDDGS) and wheat middlings (WM)) were evaluated in broilers.
- Improvement of SIAAD in the presence of protease is not the same for all AA and varies from one ingredient to another one. The effects of added protease are dependent on feed composition and on intrinsic digestibility of AA (COWIESON and ROOS (2014)).
- Factors such as type and quality of the ingredients, industrial processing and the presence of anti-nutritional substances such as tannins, phytates, trypsin inhibitors in plant species modulate the digestibility in poultry feed and thus the effectiveness of exogenous protease.
-The physiological state of animals (growth or maintenance), feed consumption or the nutritional feed quality could also influence the digestibility values.
Effects of mannanase and distillers dried grain with solubles on growth perfo...Pig Farm Solution
Effects of mannanase and distillers dried grain with solubles on growth performance nutrient digestibility, and carcass characteristics of grower-finisher pigs S. Y. Yoon, Y. X. Yang, P. L. Shinde, J. Y. Choi, J. S. Kim, Y. W. Kim, K. Yun, J. K. Jo, J.
H. Lee, S. J. Ohh, I. K. Kwon and B. J. Chae J Anim Sci
published online Sep 11, 2009
Can proteases play a role in enteric health- Langhout, P. Presentation for Workshop 4, at the Feed Proteases and enzyme presentation, The Netherlands, 2014
Dr. Dean Boyd - Improving Finish Pig Viability By Using XylanaseJohn Blue
Improving Finish Pig Viability By Using Xylanase - Dr. Dean Boyd, The Hanor Company, from the 2015 Allen D. Leman Swine Conference, September 19-22, 2015, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.
More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2015-leman-swine-conference-material
Dr. Young-Dal Jang - Evaluating Nutrient Uplift When Feeding XylanaseJohn Blue
Evaluating Nutrient Uplift When Feeding Xylanase - Dr. Young-Dal Jang, from the 2015 Allen D. Leman Swine Conference, September 19-22, 2015, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.
More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2015-leman-swine-conference-material
Research on the effect of protease (RONOZYME ProAct) in improving Amino Acid digestibility of corn, which is widely utilized in broiler diets. This would result in more energy utilization. Read the presentation to find out the research results.
To find out more about DSM go to: http://www.dsm.com/markets/anh/en_US/home.html
ABSTRACT- The present study was undertaken to make paneer enriched with fiber otherwise fiber deficient paneer. Coconut powder is in the form of fiber was included in the preparation of paneer. Paneer is one such product which is a regular dietary favorite among the Indians. Paneer has short life span at room temperature. So, the present study was aimed to assess the shelf life of salted paneer at different intervals in refrigeration temperature and physico-chemical attributes also. Paneer is prepared by combined action of acid coagulants and heat treatment of buffalo and cow milk or a combination thereof. Paneer have pleasant odour and characteristic mild acidic flavour. No extraneous coloring matter should be added to paneer at any stage. Paneer is a highly perishable product and has limited shelf life, largely because of its high moisture content. Its shelf life was reported to be only six days under refrigeration, though its freshness is lost within three days. The spoilage of paneer occurs mainly due to the growth of microorganisms, which bring about various physico-chemical changes. The growth of microorganisms can be delayed and shelf life of paneer be increased by addition of salt in the paneer. All treatment combinations were analyzed for a total viable count (bacteria) on nutrient agar and fungi on PDA and Coliform on Mcconkey agar. All the samples had bacteriological count ranging from 1x104 to 14x104 cfu/gm. And in all samples coliform was absent, so the product was found to be good and proper hygienic condition were maintain during the preparation, handling, and storage.
Key words: Paneer, Standard Plate Count, Chemical analysis, Yeast and mould count, Fiber
Performance and Blood Profiles of Finisher Broilers Fed Diets Containing Grad...BRNSS Publication Hub
A 4-week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the performance and blood profiles of finisher broilers fed cashew pulp meal (CPM) based diets. 135 finisher broilers, “Arbor acre” strain was randomly allocated to five dietary treatments consisting of three replicates of 9 finisher broilers each. Five on-farm diets containing 0 (control), 10, 20, 30, and 40% CPM replacing maize coded as T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5, respectively, were formulated. All performance parameters measured were significantly different (P < 0.05). Final weight, daily weight gain (DWG), daily feed intake, feed conversion ratio, mortality, feed cost/kg gain (feed cost/kg gain), and cost of 1 kg feed ranged from 1042.54 to 1305.55g, 16.31 to 28.51g, 91.86 to 110.54g, 3.26 to 5.56, 0 to 22.22%, 115.43 to 135.46, and 414.23 to 611.43, respectively. Hematological profile show that packed cell volume varied from 28.67 to 31.00%, hemoglobin (Hb) 9.07 to 10.60g/dl, red blood cell 1.80 to 2.31 × 106/μl, white blood cell 213.13 to 223.67 × 103/μl, mean corpuscular volume 132.27 to 134.87 fl, means corpuscular Hb (MCH) concentration 29.80 to 31.63 g/dl, and MCH 40.10 to 41.87 pg, respectively, and were significantly (P < 0.05) different. Treatments showed significant difference (P < 0.05) all serum parameters, the obtained values were total protein 4.25–4.92 g/dl, albumin 1.73–2.37 g/dl, aspartate aminotransferase 102.33–135.67 μ/l, alanine aminotransferase 4.00–7.33 μ/l, and total cholesterol 2.37–3.73 Mmol/l. The study showed that CPM depressed live weight but did not affect birds’ health even at 40% replacement of maize.
Performance and Blood Profiles of Finisher Broilers Fed Diets Containing Grad...BRNSS Publication Hub
A 4-week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the performance and blood profiles of finisher
broilers fed cashew pulp meal (CPM) based diets. 135 finisher broilers, “Arbor acre” strain was randomly
allocated to five dietary treatments consisting of three replicates of 9 finisher broilers each. Five on-farm
diets containing 0 (control), 10, 20, 30, and 40% CPM replacing maize coded as T1, T2, T3, T4, and
T5, respectively, were formulated. All performance parameters measured were significantly different
(P < 0.05). Final weight, daily weight gain (DWG), daily feed intake, feed conversion ratio, mortality,
feed cost/kg gain (feed cost/kg gain), and cost of 1 kg feed ranged from 1042.54 to 1305.55g, 16.31 to
28.51g, 91.86 to 110.54g, 3.26 to 5.56, 0 to 22.22%, 115.43 to 135.46, and 414.23 to 611.43, respectively.
Hematological profile show that packed cell volume varied from 28.67 to 31.00%, hemoglobin (Hb)
9.07 to 10.60g/dl, red blood cell 1.80 to 2.31 × 106
/µl, white blood cell 213.13 to 223.67 × 103
/µl,
mean corpuscular volume 132.27 to 134.87 fl, means corpuscular Hb (MCH) concentration 29.80
to 31.63 g/dl, and MCH 40.10 to 41.87 pg, respectively, and were significantly (P < 0.05) different.
Treatments showed significant difference (P < 0.05) all serum parameters, the obtained values were total
protein 4.25–4.92 g/dl, albumin 1.73–2.37 g/dl, aspartate aminotransferase 102.33–135.67 μ/l, alanine
aminotransferase 4.00–7.33 μ/l, and total cholesterol 2.37–3.73 Mmol/l. The study showed that CPM
depressed live weight but did not affect birds’ health even at 40% replacement of maize
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND HEPATOPROTECTIVE EFFECTOF POMEGRANATE PEEL AND WHEY...Anurag Raghuvanshi
The antioxidant activity of pomegranate peel powder (PPP) and whey powder (WP) was evaluated, their hepatoprotective effect of each alone or in combination (PPWP) at equal levels was also evaluated in Wistar rats against carbon tetrachloride (CCL4) induced liver injury.
The hepatoprotective activity was assessed using various biochemical parameters and histopathological studies.
FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY: The use of feed in recirculating aquaculture systems...International Aquafeed
One of the greatest operating costs in aquaculture is the use of commercial feed pellets, which can comprise of up to 50-60 percent of total expense in some farms.
FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY: The Faivre equipped trout farms of AbbevilleInternational Aquafeed
Amidst the picturesque countryside of Abbeville, Northern France, Darren Parris, Tom Blacker and Peter Parker from the International Aquafeed team, spent an afternoon late last year visiting trout farms. Our hosts were Phillip Jorgensen, fish farms manager, and Aubert Faivre, who is sales manager for Faivre.
The Salmonidae family, collectively known as Salmonids, comprises of salmon, trout, chars, freshwater whitefishes, and graylings, but it is the trout and Atlantic salmon, of the genus Salmo, which gives the family their name. A slender teleost fish, they can range in size between just 13 cm to a whopping 2 m in length. With a single row of sharp teeth, Salmonids are predators, choosing to feed on smaller fish, aquatic insects and small crustaceans. Despite spawning in fresh water Salmonids are mostly anadromous, spending their lives at sea, choosing only to return to rivers to reproduce.
Innovation nation - How new developments in aquaculture are boosting the Scot...International Aquafeed
With an estimated market value of over £1.8 billion and Scottish salmon exports alone reaching over £500 million, Scotland’s aquaculture sector is fast becoming a core pillar for the future growth of the Scottish economy. However, with such a steep increase in the demand for fish products, there is a real need for innovation within the sector to stay ahead of the curve and provide a sustainable supply of healthy protein; not only for the present but for the future of a market that appears set to keep growing. Ahead of Aquaculture UK, CEO of the Scottish Aquaculture Innovation Centre (SAIC), Heather Jones, shares some of the organisation’s forays into finfish research projects and the ways in which is working with both industry and academia to enhance the whole of the Scottish aquaculture sector.
The Asian catfish Pangasius, Pangasianodon hypophthalmus is recognised as a leading aquaculture food fish on world markets. The commercial culture of Pangasius was developed in the mid 1990’s in Vietnam and quickly expanded to production levels of nearly one million tons per year. Other countries including Thailand, Cambodia, Myanmar, Indonesia, Philippines, Bangladesh and India have adapted Pangasius as part of their aquaculture production. Pangasius can be successfully cultured in most tropical regions of the world however countries in the Western Hemisphere have been slow to embrace Pangasius aquaculture, in part, due to the lack of practical knowledge of the species food requirements during the larval and fry stages.
Mud crabs, also known as mangrove crabs, occur widely in estuaries and along tropical, subtropical and warm temperate coasts in the world. There are four species of mud crab (Family: Portunidae), Scylla serrata, S. tranquebarica, S. paramamosain and S. olivacea that are the focus of both commercial fisheries and aquaculture production throughout their distribution. They are among the most valuable crab species in the world, with the bulk of their commercial production sent live to market.
The European lobster (Homarus gammarus) is an ecologically important species of the North-eastern Atlantic which supports wild trap fisheries that are worth around £30 million each year to the UK alone. By weight the species is the highest-value seafood among those landed regularly in the UK and Ireland, where 75 percent of the ~5,000t annual landings for the species are made. As such, lobsters provide essential diversity to fragile inshore fisheries and vital income for rural coastal economies. However, populations across its range are pressured by rising exploitation, from which traditional fisheries management has failed to prevent extensive regional stock collapses in the recent past, and now struggles to stimulate recovery. While lobsters have long been transported as a live export commodity, chiefly to France and the Iberian peninsula, emerging markets, particularly those in East Asia, threaten to create additional demand for the species which far exceeds current capture yields. Improvements in hatchery rearing success have seen a number of recent aquaculture initiatives employed, in the hope of both generating restoration and improved sustainability of wild harvests, and instigating commercial aquaculture possibilities.
In the past 50 years, the global demand for fish products has doubled, and more than 45 percent of the world’s seafood today now comes not from wild catches, but from either land-based or offshore fish farms. To meet this rising demand for seafood worldwide, more fish have to be raised in fish farms, and aquaculture is an essential link in the agricultural chain.
When farming animals and fish, there is often a danger that we may assume that their dietary requirements match our own. However, those of the common carp, Cyprinus carpio, certainly do not.
Mexico, with a population of 122 million is the most populous Spanish-speaking country in the world. The country is known for its Pacific and Gulf of Mexico beaches and its diverse landscape of mountains, deserts and jungles. Ancient ruins such as Teotihuacan (Aztec), Chichen Itza (Mayan) and Spanish colonial-era towns are scattered throughout the country.
KRILL OIL: Phospholipids that make a difference to filet quality and quantityInternational Aquafeed
The nutritional quality of larvae diets affects fishes’ fillet quality and quantity. Studies show that phospholipids increase fish larvae growth and development; so phospholipids are an essential component of the early weaning diet.
Carbohydrates are an excellent source of energy and carbon in feed formulations. They can be easily distinguished from the other energy yielding nutrients in terms of their abundance and low price. To illustrate, the collective global production of the major cereal grains i.e., maize, wheat and rice amounted to a colossal 2.5 billion tonnes in the year 2013 (FAO). The total carbohydrate content and the digestible fraction of starch and sugars in these grains can be roughly estimated to be about 2.1 and 1.75 billion tonnes, respectively (www.feedipedia.org). Besides, the unit cost of carbohydrate sources is almost three to five fold less than that of the protein and lipid sources of interest. Therefore, the inclusion level of carbohydrates in commercial fish feed assumes direct economic significance i.e., in terms of lower feed cost per unit weight gain.
Brewers’ yeast and derived products have been successfully used in animal nutrition, including aquafeeds, for several decades now. Leiber GmbH, with two production sites in Germany and further facilities in Poland and Russia, have manufactured brewers’ yeast products for more than 60 years.
FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY - Efficient and reliable feed system for fish farming...International Aquafeed
The main purpose of a feed barge is to provide an efficient and reliable feed system for fish farming operations. The second purpose is to provide a safe worksite for operators.
FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY - Light Emitting Diode (LED) Lighting systems for ear...International Aquafeed
Over recent times we have noticed an increasing amount of media coverage and industry chatter regarding the role of light in aquaculture. Most of this has been in relation to the use of low-energy technology to reduce costs, and in this area almost all the talk is about LED
The Latin names of some aquatic species can have fascinatingly obscure meanings that provide anyone in need of a hobby with hours of joyful investigation and speculation. The channel catfish is, alas, not one of them: Ictalurus punctatus simply means ‘spotty catfish’, and the briefest glance at one will tell you why.
It is often thought that vacuum coating was firs t invented in Norway. The idea might have been Norwegian, but the technology was developed in the Netherlands. It has been 25 years now since Dinnissen, together with aquafeed producer Skretting, invented the firs t vacuum coater.
The Pegasus® Vacuum Coater is intended for everyone who wishes to manufacture pelleted and extruded products in accordance with mos t modern production specifications.
It allows you to create a vacuum environment for your production process and to deal effectively with a very wide range of future challenges.
International Aquafeed spoke to Peter Raeven, Account Manager for Dinnissen, about the previous 25 years of the Pegasus® Vacuum Coater as well as any future plans that Dinnissen might have for their now well es tablished brand.
As an aquafeed processor, you are always aware that your drying operation has a significant impact on your bottom line. Drying is a very energy-intensive operation; that’s why most aquafeed producers diligently track the cost of fuel used in their drying operation.
As an aquafeed processor, you are always aware that your drying operation has a significant impact on your bottom line. Drying is a very energy-intensive operation; that’s why most aquafeed producers diligently track the cost of fuel used in their drying operation.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...Ana Luísa Pinho
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
Comparative structure of adrenal gland in vertebrates
Improving survival rates in shrimp
1. IMPROVINGSURVIVALRATES
INSHRIMP
Two experiments were conducted to illustrate the effects of soy protein in the
diet of shrimp over a period of six weeks. In the first experiment, different soy-
based protein concentrates were screened and compared in an attractability
and palatability trial followed by a growth trial. Inclusion of ten percent these HP
protein concentrates, replacing fishmeal resulted in a slightly slower growth, but
higher survival.
FEATURE
26 | March | April 2016 - International Aquafeed
2. T
he quality and digestibility of proteins
is one of the most important issues
in shrimp nutrition. Marine proteins
(mainly fish meal) can only be partially
replaced by standard vegetable proteins
like soybean meal.
Vegetable proteins show lower
digestibility of proteins and phosphorus
compared to fishmeal and diets with
high soybean meal inclusion are less attractive and palatable
for shrimp. Hamlet Protein produces high quality protein
concentrates based on soy and other sources, designed for feed
palatability, digestibility and health in order to deliver optimal
production performance.
However, Hamlet also produces Soybean protein
concentrates and blends with other protein sources such as
hydrolysates.
Methodology
Two experiments were conducted to illustrate the effects of soy
protein in the diet of shrimp over a period of six weeks. In the
first experiment, different soy-based protein concentrates were
screened and compared in an attractability and palatability trial
followed by a growth trial. Inclusion of ten percent these HP
protein concentrates, replacing fishmeal resulted in a slightly
slower growth, but higher survival.
In the second experiment, a dose-response trial with an
optimized HP product , at lower inclusion rates (three, six and
nine percent) was executed. The idea of reducing the content of
fish meal in shrimp diets is relevant because of the volatility of its
price which in recent years reached prohibitive levels. I
Inclusion of HP product at the expense of fishmeal
reduces the feed cost
Soy protein concentrates are especially used in diets for young
Figure 2: Average weight of shrimp in second experimentFigure 1: Average weight of shrimp in first experiment
HOWTOIMPROVESURVIVALRATESANDCOST-EFFICIENCYUSING
PROTEINPRODUCTFORSHRIMPPRODUCTION
by Eric De Muyler, Crevetec.
International Aquafeed - March | April 2016 | 27
FEATURE
3. animals because of their high digestibility and health benefits,
which include a higher survival rate and better growth; much to the
delight of shrimp farmers.
The second experiment showed that shrimps fed diets with three
and six percent optimized HP showed significant lower FCR and
higher survival rate than shrimp without HP in the diet.
Testing product parameters
Table 1 includes the composition of experimental diets of first
experiment. These diets were submerged in water for 30 minutes
and 60 minutes and protein loss was calculated. Table 2 shows the
results of this test and from these results we can observe a higher
leaching of protein in the diets containing soyprotein concentrates,
which might be a problem. However the results also show that
soyprotein proteins are much more water soluble than other
proteins.
A higher water solubility is also interesting to attract shrimp. An
attractability and palatability test was also performed; the results of
which can be found in Table 3.
Attractability was measured by counting shrimp consuming feed
on each feed tray after 5, 15 and 30 minutes. All diets were put at
the same time in a larger tank. After 30 minutes, leftover feed was
removed, dried and weighed to count percentage consumption.
The results from this trial indicated that soyprotein concentrates
are attracting shrimp more quickly, and that after 30 minutes the
control diet had attracted the same number of shrimps. The same
four diets were used in a growth trial and gave the results that can
be seen in figure 1 and table 4 which show the average weights of
the shrimp throughout the test period.
Performance of optimised product and protocol
Basically, the results with soyprotein concentrate are not as good
as those of the control diet. But test feeds two and three were
preforming better than Test diet one. There is a positive effect
on survival in diet two. The probable cause of this was that the
inclusion rates were too high for optimal growth, which is why a
second experiment was launched, using a HP product designed for
shrimps by combining technologies used in diet two and three, but
at lower inclusion rates of three, six and nine percent, which can be
seen in table 5.
There was a slightly higher average weight of the shrimp on the
feeds containing three percent HP compared to the control, as seen
in Figure 2. At six and nine percent HP, there is a lower average
weight. There is a statistically lower weight for the nine percent
inclusion rate compared to HP6 and the control.
Similarly, table 6 includes a summary of growth results from
experiment 2. These results show that diets with three and six
percent inclusion level of HP result in a lower FCR than the
control, but the diet with nine percent HP shows higher FCR.
Shrimp fed diets with three and six percent show higher survival
rates than shrimp without HP. This is also the reason why a lower
FCR was observed in the groups fed these diets.
Conclusion
The best results are obtained with the diets with three percent
HP. Inclusion of nine percent HP is surely too high to obtain
good results which confirms earlier findings with the ten percent
inclusion rate. Inclusion of three percent HP however, shows a
positive effect on growth and survival, resulting in the lowest FCR.
It is also worthwhile to mention that the inclusion of three percent
HP lowers the cost of the feed by ten percent compared to the
control diet.
Table 5: Composition of experimental diets of second experiment
Control HP3 HP6 HP9
Corn gluten 10 10.25 10.5 10.75
Danish fish meal LT 20 17.5 15 12.5
Wheat flour 36.05 35.2 34.4 33.55
Fish oil 1.85 1.95 2 2.1
HP 3 6 9
Other 32.1 32.1 32.1 32.1
Total 100 100 100 100
Other raw material include Soybean meal, rice bran lecithin, binder, premix,
The HP product replaced mainly of Danish fish meal. Corn gluten, wheat
flour and fish oil content were adjusted to obtain isonitrogenous and isocaloric
feeds; 38 Proteins and 8 percent lipids.
Table 6: Summary of growth results in experiment 2
Control HP 3 HP 6 HP 9
Initial avg weight 1.23 a 1.20 a 1.21 a 1.22 a
Final avg weight 6.51 ab 6.70 a 6.52 a 6.11 b
Weekly growth 0.88 ab 0.92 a 0.88 a 0.81 b
Survival 85.0 % ab 90.0 % a 90.0 % a 80.0 % b
FCR 1.52 ab 1.41 a 1.44 a 1.62 b
Table 4: Summary of growth results in experiment 1
Control 1 Test 1 Test 2 Test 3
Initial avg weight 2.41a 2.46a 2.41a 2.40a
Final avg weight 9.85a 9.00 b 9.22 b 9.25 b
Weekly growth 1,24a 1.09b 1.14b 1,14b
Survival 91.88 % 91.88 % 94.38 % 91.88 %
FCR 1,.0 a 1.51 b 1.43a 1.44a
Table 1: Composition of experimental diets of first experiment
Control 1 Test 1 Test 2 Test 3
Chili fish meal 20 10 10 10
Wheat flour 34 30 30 30
Soybean meal 16 19 19 19
Other 30 31 31 31
PU39 - 10 - -
HP800 - - 10 -
HP340 - - - 10
Other raw materials include Corn gluten, rice bran, soybean lecithin, fish
oil, binders and premix. Diets contained 38 percent protein and 7 percent
lipids and were balanced to meet the shrimp nutrient requirements.
Table 2: Protein leaching of diets
Control 1 Test 1 Test 2 Test 3
30 minutes 4.94% 9.54% 6.65% 5.65%
60 minutes 5.12% 14.66% 11.74% 12.55%
Table 3: Attractability and palatability of experimental feeds in first trial.
Nr of shrimp on feed tray Control 1 Test 1 Test 2 Test 3
5 Minutes 18 27 34 28
15 Minutes 34 38 33 51
30 Minutes 49 52 47 51
Feed Consumption 85.1 % 73.0 % 72.3 % 70.0 %
28 | March | April 2016 - International Aquafeed
FEATURE
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International Aquafeed - March | April 2016 | 29
FEATURE