The document discusses improving accessibility in Hyderabad City Taluka, Pakistan. It defines accessibility and discusses its importance for social, economic, and environmental sustainability. Accessibility is affected by factors like transportation options, infrastructure, mobility, and individual needs. The study aims to assess current accessibility conditions in Hyderabad based on literature and propose recommendations to optimize accessibility factors like transportation networks and land use patterns. Limitations include focusing only on Hyderabad City Taluka due to its rapid urbanization and complexity of analyzing the entire region. The methodology includes collecting primary data through surveys and secondary data from reports and literature.

2. Improving Accessibility in Hyderabad City
Taluka
BY
JIBRAN BAIG (F16CRP11)
B.CRP

3. INTRODUCTION TO ACCESSIBILITY:
• Accessibility can be defined as the facility that helps people to reach a location to
perform an activity (Yatskiv & Budilovich, 2016).
• Accessibility can be defined as the ability of people to access necessary or desired
activities by different transportation modes (Giuffrida et al, 2017).
• Accessibility, the ease of reaching destinations, is a key land use and transport
performance measure that has been used in various studies to assess the equitable
distribution of public transport service in a region; accessibility is defined as a
measure of potential opportunities (Grisé et al, 2018).
• Accessibility is a measure of the ease of an individual to pursue an activity of a
desired type, at a desired location, by a desired mode, and at a desired time (National
institute for transportation and communities NITC, 2014).

4. •In all definitions, you can observe
the words “activity” and
“opportunities”
Means, accessibility is attained in order to fulfill daily
socio-economic needs. (This statement will further be
elaborated with the help of literature)

5. LITERATURE
EFFCETS AND IMPORTANCE OF ACCESSIBLITY
The motivations for accessibility-based transportation planning are many, spanning all three branches of sustainability
planning—environmental, social, and economic (NITC, 2014).
A sustainable urban transport system (SUTS) requires the strengthening of various features: accessibility and mobility,
reliability and efficiency, as well as safety and security, social equity, convenience and comfort. It should be people- and
environmental-friendly. The Urban public transport system (UPTS) should lead to enhanced mobility and generate greater
equity between citizen groups. (Yatskiv and Budilovich, 2016).
ACCESSIBILITY MOBILITY
Mobility is “access to places of desire such as visiting family and friends; the psychological benefits of travel where social
contact and independence are important aspects of mobility; the benefits of physical movement; maintaining social
networks; potential travel”. Meanwhile, it is also written that accessibility planning is related “to quality of life, social
inclusion/exclusion and use of non-car travel modes” (NITC, 2014).

6.  Inaccessibility highly affects the social dynamics of people’s life, and increases social exclusion. This issue has been
explored since a lack of accessibility has a serious impact on people's life and may prevent them from finding a good job,
have a good education, reaching health care services, as well as having enough social contacts (Giuffrida et al, 2017).
 Transport is both a basic server and consumer within an economic system. Accessibility can be viewed as a basic
prerequisite for the fuller development of economic and social welfare by the spatial distribution of activity demands
with respect to residential locations (Allos and Mohan, 1975).
 Accessibility impacts economy because a well-functioning transport system in a combination with the land-use system is
a condition for economic development (Yatskiv & Budilovich, 2016).
 Accessibility affects land and property values in a relationship which has an overall impact on the land use distribution,
affecting not only the size of an urban area, but its structure. Examples of these effects can be seen in advertisements
which point out to the prospective consumer that a particular residential location is near shops, school s or accessible to
railway stations, nearness to motorway junctions illustrating opportunities for work in city centers, particular factories or
at public buildings like hospitals (Allos and Mohan, 1975).
 Low accessibility to jobs has been shown to be related to higher risks of unemployment, especially in low-income areas
(Grisé et al, 2018).

7. FACTORS AFFECTING ACCESSIBILITY:
 Principal factors used in models have included distance, time, car ownership, household characteristics, employment
factors, connectivity of points, attributes of public transport services (regularity, area coverage and modal availability,
frequency, suitability of arrival and departure times, duration of route time, destination time available, costs), journey
purposes and other ratios such as that of time available at destination to travel time on route or equivalents in terms of
monetary or generalized costs (Allos and Mohan, 1975).
 Different factors that affect accessibility was found: transportation demand and options, mobility, information, integration
of the transport system etc. According to the definition, the level of accessibility depends on the location of activities,
quality and quantity of infrastructures, as well as needs of people and companies (Yatskiv & Budilovich, 2016).
 Litman in (2012) concluded that there is no single indicator to capture accessibility. In fact, it depends on the goal of the
study how the accessibility should be measured.
 Accessibility is calculated on the base of the shortest journey time (or the fastest possible route) during the morning peak
hours by public transport and by private cars. Then the total number of destinations that could be reached by public
transport within a specific (attractive) travel time was determined (Yatskiv & Budilovich, 2016).

8. NATURE OF ACCESSIBILITY:
 Two forms of accessibility (Giuffrida et al, 2017):
1) Active accessibility (or person-based accessibility) refers to the need to carry out the activities located throughout the
area by a user that is in a particular place (generally the resident) and it measures the ease with which he can reach
various destinations from an origin.
2) Passive accessibility (or place-based accessibility) refers to the need for the various opportunities that are located in a
certain area of the territory, to be reached by the various users scattered throughout the study area. In other words, it
measures the ease with which business and services of a target area of the displacements can be reached by the users
concerned. It is useful in the location decisions of public services and economic activities.
 Categorization of the accessibility measures was offered by the following groups (Yatskiv & Budilovich, 2016):
• Infrastructure-based accessibility measures
• Location-based accessibility measures
• Person-based accessibility measures
• Utility-based accessibility measures

9. Why Hyderabad City Taluka?
 It contains the total population of 756,906 as per the census of 2017, and total households of 146,413 (Pakistan bureau of
statistics, 2017).
 The site selected is not pre-planned, and got established under the series of historical dynasties such as kalhora, Talpur,
British, and modern eras.
 Hyderabad Sindh, city of wind catcher, Pakistan is second largest city of Sindh province, and sixth largest of the country. It
serves as transit hub between rural and urban Sindh. Hyderabad Pakistan is most affected city by the process of
urbanization in Pakistan. It increased even faster between 1999 and 2011 than Karachi (Peerzado, et al, 2018). Due to
rapid rate of urbanization and population increment, the site was selected to cope with the overwhelming issue of transit
accessibility to different main areas (destinations).
 Hyderabad city faces many problems, one of which is transportation which emerges as a major one nowadays (Jawed et
al, 2019).

10. RESEARCH OBJECTIVES:
 To determine and watch out the existing condition of the study area regarding
accessibility factors in the light of literature.
 To propose recommendations which will wholly contribute to optimize the
accessibility factors which ultimate result will reflect to better accessibility.

11. LIMITATION AND SIGNIFICANCE:
 In Pakistan, only Islamabad is a fully pre-planned city, and the rest of the cities were established due to many reasons such
as war progress and socio-economic causes. Obviously, these cities are not planned due to which ample amount of town
planning challenges keep erupting in these cities.
 Hyderabad division consists of nine districts (PBS, 2017), out of which Hyderabad district itself is subdivided into
Hyderabad city and rural taluka, latifabad and Qasimabad taluka. To make the study easy to understand and less complex,
the researcher is limiting its study to only Hyderabad city taluka. This decision will help researcher to focus on the area
well, and to propose long-term and stringent measures in this regard.
 Hyderabad is the second largest city of Sindh, Pakistan. Urbanization rate in this city is increasing very rapidly due to socio-
economic gains of individuals. This urbanization rapidly causes shortfall of houses and residential settlements, which
directly causes the increment of city’s boundary, and thus the city expand and accessibility is affected. Urban sprawl can
be considered as the key factor of unfavorable accessibility. This study would be proved very significant as it will help the
authorities to solve those issues efficiently which have not been solved for centuries.

12. METHODOLOGY:

13. Data collection:
• Primary data collection
Questionnaires
Field survey (observations)
Experts opinions
• Secondary data collection
Research articles
Reports
Thesis
Books
Census documents
Data
Qualitative Quantitative
Mostly from literature Mostly from primary collection

14. Sample size
Where,
n= required sample size
N= total population size
e = margin of error
Considerations:
C.I= Confidence interval = 95%
e= 5%
Because in social sciences subjects, 95% C.I is acceptable.
“399
Questionnaires”

15. REFRENCES:
 Yatskiv, Irina & Budilovich, Evelina. (2016). Evaluating Riga Transport System Accessibility. Latvia: Elsevier Ltd.
 Giuffridaa, Nadia., Ignaccoloa, Matteo., Inturria, Giuseppe., Rofèb, Yodan & Calabròa, Giovanni (2017). Investigating the Correlation
between Transportation Social Need and Accessibility: the Case of Catania. Israel: Elsevier Ltd.
 Cledoua, Guillermina., Estevezb, Elsa & Barbosa, Luis. (2018). A taxonomy for planning and designing smart mobility services. Portugal:
Elsevier Ltd.
 Allos, A.E & Mohan, S. (1975). Environmental Evaluation and Accessibility Criteria in Planning. England: University of Birmingham.
 Ganning, Joanna. (2014). Accessibility-Based Transportation Planning: Literature and Applications for Shrinking Cities. USA: National
institute of transportation and communities (NITC).
 Jawed, Aqsa., Talpur, M. A. H., Chandio, I.A & Mahesar, P.N. (2019). Impacts of In-Accessible and Poor Public Transportation System on
Urban Environment: Evidence from Hyderabad. Pakistan: Research Gate.
 Duranton, Gilles & Guerra, Erick. (2016). Urban accessibility: Balancing land use and transportation. Pennsylvania: University of
Pennsylvania.
 Peerzado, Bux., Magsi, Habibullah & Sheikh, Muhammad. (2018). Urbanization and causes of agricultural land conversion in Hyderabad.
Pakistan: Research Gate.
 Talpur, M. A. H., Chandio, I.A., Jumani, M. S & Naphia, M. (2016). Planning Information System for Rural Transport Planning Agencies.
Pakistan: Research Gate.
 MacDonald, Douglas., Yew, Connie & Arnold, Robert. (2004). Transportation performance measures in Canada, New Zealand, Australia &
Japan. USA: Federal Highway Administration.
 Grise, Emily., Boisjoly, Geneviève, Maguire, Meadhbh & El-Geneidy, Ahmed. (2018). Elevating access: Comparing accessibility to jobs by
public transport for individuals with and without a physical disability. Canada: Elsevier Ltd.
 Israel, Glenn D. (1992). Determining Sample Size. Florida: University of Florida.
 Pakistan bureau of Statistics, Census (2017).
 Guide to Sustainable development Management