The document discusses Cubist works by Pablo Picasso and George Braque that focused on depicting multiple perspectives and a more realistic "truth" that can exist in a single moment. It focuses on how Impressionist artists like Claude Monet painted fleeting moments using light, color, and brushstrokes to illustrate the passing of time. Post-Impressionism expanded on these techniques, allowing more experimentation and personal expression through compositions, colors, and techniques like cropping by artists such as Van Gogh, Toulouse-Lautrec, Cezanne, Gauguin, and Degas.