The document discusses the implications of computer misuse and cybersecurity. It begins with an introduction from the presentation group and defines key terms like computer misuse, cybersecurity, vulnerabilities, threats, attacks, and countermeasures. It then covers various types of threats like malware, password attacks, DDoS attacks, and vulnerabilities from both internal and external sources. Specific examples of countermeasures and how to prevent cyber attacks are provided. The document concludes by discussing the impact of computer misuse related to cyberbullying and ways to mitigate cyberbullying.

1. Implications of Misuse
&
Cyber Security
Here is where the teaching begins <3!

2. Introduction
Good morning everyone, in today’s class
my group and I will be sharing the
implications of computer misuse and
cybersecurity as well as how it relates to
cyber bullying, but before we start I must
commend my team for their great effort
and the late nights we stayed up working
on this presentation. With that being said
we will be introducing ourselves.

3. Main Key Terms
What is Computer
Misuse?
This refers to entering a
computer system to
steal data or destroy a
device or network (such
as planting a virus )
Unauthorised
modification of data.
What is
Cybersecurity
Cyber security is the application of
technologies, processes and
controls to protect systems,
networks, programs, devices and
data from cyber attacks. It aims to
reduce the risk of cyber attacks
and protect against the
unauthorised exploitation of
systems, networks and
technologies.

4. OUR COMPANY

5. Computer Vulnerabilities
A computer system has several points of
vulnerability; these include its hardware,
software, data communications, and personnel.
Vulnerabilities are what information
security and information assurance
professionals seek to reduce. Cutting down
vulnerabilities provides fewer options for
malicious users to gain access to secure
information.

6. Threats
In computer security, a threat is a
potential negative action or event
facilitated by a vulnerability that results
in an unwanted impact to a computer
system or application. In simpler terms,
a computer threat refers to a term that
speaks to or speaks about a computer
system being compromised. These
threats can lead to lost or edited data
being stolen or even cyber-attacks. This
can be prevented by the use of:
anti-spyware, firewalls, strong
passwords, anti-virus and plug
information leaks.

7. ● Spyware
A spyware threat is any program
that monitors your online
activities or installs programs
without your consent or
knowledge to capture
personalised information.
● Hackers
Hackers are programmers who
exploit others for their own selfish
and malicious intents by breaking
into computer systems to steal,
destroy or change information as a
form of cyber-terrorism.
● Viruses
A computer virus is a
written program that
alters the way a computer
operates without the
permission or knowledge
of the user.
Types of Threats

8. Attacks
An attack or cyber attack is any attempt to
gain unauthorized access to a computer,
computing system or computer network
with the intent to cause damage. Cyber
attacks aim to disable, disrupt, destroy or
control computer systems or to alter, block,
delete, manipulate or steal the data held
within these systems.

9. How can you prevent
a cyber attack?
1. Setting appropriate security
configurations, password policies
and user access controls;
2. Maintaining a monitoring and
detection program to identify and
alert to suspicious activity;
3. Using software to protect against
malware, namely antivirus software,
thereby adding another layer of
protection against cyber attacks.
Why do cyber attacks
happen?
➢ Financial gain
➢ Disruption and revenge
➢ Cyberwarfare
Most often, cyber attacks happen
because criminals want your:
➢ business' financial details
➢ customers' financial details (eg
credit card data)
➢ sensitive personal data

10. Countermeasure
In computer and cyber security a
countermeasure can be defined as an
action, device or technique that reduces a
threat, vulnerability, or an attack by
eliminating it or by minimizing the
damage it may cause.

11. Why do we need Countermeasures?
A countermeasure is an action, process, device, or system that can prevent, or mitigate the effects
of, threats to a computer, server or network. In this context, a threat is a potential or actual adverse
event that may be malicious or incidental, and that can compromise the assets of an enterprise or
the integrity of a computer or network.
Countermeasures can take the form of software, hardware and modes of behavior. Software
countermeasures include:
● personal firewalls
● application firewalls
● anti-virus software
● pop-up blockers
● spyware detection/removal programs.
The most common hardware countermeasure is a router
that can prevent the IP address of an individual
computer from being directly visible on the Internet.
Other hardware countermeasures include:
● biometric authentication systems
● physical restriction of access to computers and
peripherals
● intrusion detectors
● alarms

12. What are the Categories of a
Countermeasure?
These countermeasures can be classified into three groups. These are:
❖ Cryptography methods- Cryptography is associated with the process of converting
ordinary plain text into unintelligible text and vice-versa.
❖ Human factors- The 'human factor' has been recognized as the weakest link in
creating safe and secure digital environments though, human intuition may also be
the solution to thwarting many cyber threats.
❖ Detection Methods- Threat detection is the practice of analyzing the entirety of a
security ecosystem to identify any malicious activity that could compromise the
network.

13. External Computer Vulnerability Sources
A password attack refers to
any of the various
methods used to
maliciously authenticate
into password-protected
accounts.
➢ Brute Force Attack. A brute force attack is a hacking method
that uses trial and error to crack passwords, login credentials,
and encryption keys.
➢ Dictionary Attack. A dictionary attack is a method of breaking
into a password-protected computer, network or other IT
resource by systematically entering every word in a dictionary
as a password.
➢ Keyloggers. Keyloggers are activity-monitoring software
programs that give hackers access to your personal data.
➢ Man- In-The-Middle Attack. A man in the middle (MITM)
attack is a general term for when a perpetrator positions
himself in a conversation between a user and an application
★ Password Attack Different types of Password attacks

14. External Computer Vulnerability Sources
A DDoS attack happens
when a network or system
becomes overwhelmed and
it cannot respond to service
requests. A DDoS attack
happens when a massive
number of machines are
directed to bombard the
target with traffic.
DDoS attackers often leverage the use of a botnet, a group of
hijacked internet-connected devices to carry out large scale
attacks.
Most popular types of DDoS attacks:
● SYN Flood
● Smurf Attack
● Fraggle Attack
● Slowloris
● Application Level Attack
★ (DDoS) Distributed
denial-of-service
attacks
How DDos perform?

15. External Computer Vulnerability Sources
The File Transfer Protocol
(FTP) is a standard
communication protocol
used for the transfer of
computer files from a
server to a client on a
computer network. FTP is
built on a client–server
model architecture using
separate control and data
connections between the
client and the server.
FTP users may authenticate themselves with a clear-text sign-in
protocol, normally in the form of a username and password, but
can connect anonymously if the server is configured to allow it.
For secure transmission that protects the username and password,
and encrypts the content, FTP is often secured with SSL/TLS
(FTPS) or replaced with SSH File Transfer Protocol (SFTP).
★ File Protocol

16. Internal Computer Vulnerability Sources
Access control enforces policy
such that users cannot act
outside of their intended
permissions. Failures typically
lead to unauthorized
information disclosure,
modification or destruction of
all data, or performing a
business function outside of
the limits of the user.
Majority of access control problems stem from outdated equipment, keycards
falling into the wrong hands, and a lack of integration with other building
systems. To some degree, all three issues might be causing problems.
How can this problem be improved?
1. Evaluate Your Access Control System Features.
2. Determine Your Access Levels.
3. Audit Who Has Access.
4. Update Your Technology.
5. Perform Periodic Access Control
Systems Testing.
6. No Tailgating Allowed.
★ Access Control
Issues/Information
Leakage
Problems in Access Control Issues

17. Internal Computer Vulnerability Sources
Malware, or malicious software is
any program or file that is
intentionally designed to cause
disruption to a computer, server,
client, computer network, leak
private information.
Types of malware includes:
● Computer Viruses
● Worms
● Trojan Horses
● Ransomware
Malware can infect networks and devices and is designed to harm
those devices, networks and/or their users in some way. Depending
on the type of malware and its goal, this harm may present itself
differently to the user or endpoint. In some cases, the effect malware
has is relatively mild and benign, and in others, it can be disastrous.
No matter the method, all types of malware are designed to exploit
devices at the expense of the user and to the benefit of the hacker, the
person who has designed and/or deployed the malware.
★ Malware/Malicious
cyber attacks
What does malware do?

18. External Computer Vulnerability Sources
An internal vulnerability
scan is performed typically
with access to the internal
network, with the main
benefit of identifying
at-risk systems while
providing insight for patch
management processes.
An external scan can also detect open ports and protocols, similar
to an external penetration test. Both application and network
scans not only detect vulnerabilities but may check for
compliance against several different baselines.
★ Scan

19. The impact of Computer Misuse Relating
to Cyberbullying
Cyberbullying, also known as online
bullying, is a form of bullying or
harassment using electronic means which
also is computer abuse. Cyber-bullying,
hacking, identity theft, and even using a
work PC for personal business are all
examples of computer abuse. An incident
that many people might not think of as
computer abuse is creating a fake social
media account. If the social media services
terms and conditions require users to
provide accurate information about their
identities when creating an account, they
could be prosecuted under the CFAA.
Most people consider cyberbullying a teenage
issue. Regretfully, the workplace is not
immune to cyberbullying as the problem has
expanded to adults. Cyberbullying at work, just
like ordinary workplace bullying, can cause
worker anxiety, stress and reduced
productivity. Cyberbullying is like traditional
workplace bullying and harassment, but
involving electronic devices and online
communications. Examples include, but are not
limited to, text messages, tweets, malicious or
threatening emails or social media posts.
On an Individual
In an organisation

20. Why is Prevention
Important?
Cyberbullying is deliberately
and repeatedly inflicting
harm using electronic
devices, gaming apps, and
online social media
platforms. It often starts as
hate accounts, hurtful posts,
rumors and gossip, and may
even manifest because of
mean comments said when
gaming.
Don’t Engage
While those being bullied are
often better off ignoring the
attacks rather than responding.
The goal of the perpetrator is to
goad the victim into anger, which
in effect may ‘get to’ the target
and make them acknowledge the
malicious claims. The best option
for the victim is to block the
perpetrator(s) social media and
email accounts altogether.
Teach students
it’s okay to report
abuse
Every student should be
encouraged to report
instances or evidence of
cyberbullying to a teacher,
counselor, or any other
staff member. Knowing
there is a way to report
cases may also stop
students from engaging in
the behavior
Mitigate Cyber-bullying

21. The End <3
Hope you all learn something from us
today!