Impact on Jobs across Emerging Technologies During the Current Pandemic Crisis | By AIM & Jigsaw Academy

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Executive Summary
Benefits and Key Takeaways
Overview of Emerging Technologies
Section 1: Brief State of Emerging Technologies
before the Onset of the Pandemic
Section 2: Impact of the Pandemic on Open Jobs
across Emerging Technologies
Section 3: Salary Change Across Roles
4
47
45
22
18
11
10
6
5
CONTENT
Section 4: Opportunities for Skills Development
across Emerging Technologies
Section 5: State of Job Roles / Capabilities in
the Current Environment
Section 6: Sturdy & Secure Roles and Capabilities
Across Emerging Technologies
49Section 7: Emergence & Advantages of Online
Learning in the Post-Pandemic Scenario
Conclusion 50

4
Impact on Jobs across Emerging Technologies During the Current Pandemic Crisis
The current downturn, caused by the COVID pandemic, has affected
jobs across many functions and services. While the effect on jobs has been mostly
negative throughout, the adverse impact on certain areas has not been the same. There
have been certain roles across sectors that have not been as adversely affected by the
recessionary environment as the general Information Technology job segment.
At the beginning of the year, the broader Information technology job segment was
experiencing significant double-digit growth in terms of job creation and salaries
demanded. However, the pandemic and the ensuing recessionary environment has
reversed the trend in job and salary growth.
Analytics India Magazine (AIM) along with Jigsaw Academy, has developed this study to
focus on the impact on jobs across certain emerging technologies.
Jigsaw Academy, with over 400 years of combined teaching experience, including
online and remote learning delivery, is adept at training and upskilling professionals and
freshers in key capabilities in emerging technologies like business analytics, data science,
artificial intelligence, deep learning, cybersecurity, full stack development, and cloud
computing, to name but a few.
EXECUTIVE
SUMMARY

5
By AIM Research & Jigsaw Academy
Through this study, students, technology graduates, and IT
professionals (across all levels) will be able to:
• Identify the impact of the Market Disruption on job roles across emerging
technologies; and
• Ascertain the potential in career growth and skill development through online
learning across these technology areas
BENEFITS AND KEY
TAKEAWAYS

6
At the beginning of this year, various
studies conducted by Analytics India
Magazine indicated that the IT domain
in general, and the specific domains of
Artificial Intelligence, Deep Learning, Data
Analytics, Machine Learning, and Cyber
Security domains, to name a few, were
experiencing significant growth in terms
of revenues, investments, and salaries.
Despite the lockdown and recessionary
trends, specific domains and technologies
across the IT space continue to develop at
a steady space. These technologies cover
the spectrum of the following IT functions
and areas:
• Data Analytics
• Cloud Computing
• Cybersecurity
• Artificial Intelligence
• Deep Learning
• Machine Learning
• IoT
• Blockchain.
The Covid pandemic has unfortunately
affected the broader global and Indian
economies – economic activity across
the globe has slowed down after a strict
lockdown in activity across all major
economies.
The broad Information Technology domain experienced significant growth and
consolidation in 2019-2020.
One of the other impacts of the disruption, due to the unfortunate recession and
pandemic, is that there has been a shift of jobs and roles to Tier 2 and Tier 3
cities.
Before the lockdown, a small percentage
of job roles (~3-4%) were advertised for
the Tier 2 and Tier 3 cities - locations
outside the IT, Technology, and BPO hubs.
There has now been a significant shift to
an average of about 8% of the jobs
advertised in the tier 2 and Tier 3 cities.
This highlights that jobs are now increas-
ingly becoming location independent and
now advertised across several locations,
including small cities and large towns.
Another impact of the recession has been
the emergence of Cybersecurity and Cloud
Computing as the domains of resilience in
terms of jobs and salaries.
Overview of
Emerging Technologies

7
The almost immediate impact of the
Covid-19 pandemic has been the change
in the way of working. This has directly
impacted the locations of new jobs.
There has been a significant shift of
advertised jobs to Tier 2 and 3 cities –
8.1%.
The reason for this is that most of the
technology-related jobs are location
independent and have been advertised for
the Tier 2 / Tier 3 cities - this is a signifi-
cant jump from the pre-Covid-19 levels of
3-4% of jobs in Tier 2 and Tier 3 cities.
Moreover, when the cities of Kolkata and Ahmedabad are included, the proportion of
jobs advertised across the Smaller Metros / Tier 2 / Tier 3 cities category is 14.5%.
EmergingTechnologies Job Roles by Location
This is a significant proportion of the
total number of jobs advertised across all
cities, highlighting the shift caused by the
lockdown.

8
EmergingTechnologies Job Roles by Location
Bengaluru MumbaiDelhi/NCR Hyderabad Pune Chennai Kolkata Ahmedabad Others
27.7%
20.2%
12.3%
9.3%
8.8%
7.3%
4.2%
2.2%
8.1%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%

9
Scope and Methodology of Report
The firms include Indian corporations,
including conglomerates and domestic IT
firms, MNCs (including technology firms),
Hi-tech Electronic / Chip & Semiconduc-
tor, Communications & Media, Banking
& Financial (Public Sector, Private Sector,
and Captives), Industrial, Mobile
Payments (Fintech), eCommerce, and
Healthcare firms. The reference period
of the data June – July 2020.
The job roles encompass:
• Data Analytics
• Cloud Computing
• Cybersecurity
• Artificial Intelligence
• Deep Learning
• Machine Learning
• IoT
• Blockchain
The study also includes roles largely
unaffected by market and economic
disruptions, and the demand for these
secure roles / skills in the coming years
• Cybersecurity Defensive
• Cybersecurity Offensive
• Cloud Security
• Risk Analyst
• IoT Architect
• IoT Engineer
• IoT Analyst
The source of the data in this report
includes all secondary sources in the
public domain and some primary sources
as well through discussions with hiring
managers and domain leaders.
The scope of the report covers open jobs across emerging technologies advertised by
firms that have operations based in India, regardless of the geography and/or the client
the firms are servicing.

10
Brief State of Emerging Technologies
Before the Onset of the
Pandemic
Prior to the onset of the pandemic and the subsequent recessionary environment, the
emerging technologies were experiencing significant growth in terms of jobs roles, hiring,
and salaries.
The $762 Mn investment in Indian AI and
analytics start-ups, the increase of median
salaries to INR 14.4 Lakhs for analytics
professionals at the start of 2020, the state
of the broad analytics and data science
domain in 2019-2020, and the consoli-
dation in the Cybersecurity market and
segment, are all evidence of the growth
of the Information Technology sector in
India over the last year specifically.
The consolidated growth of these technol-
ogies, in terms of adoption, investments,
new research and development, and job
growth was close to 12% CAGR at the
beginning of the calendar year 2020.
The current recessionary environment
faced by global economies, in general,
and the Indian economy, in particular, has
affected the operations and jobs / hiring
scenarios of the Indian IT segment.
Although the broad Indian IT sector has
been adversely impacted by the recession,
the resilience of the IT sector, and the
value afforded by this sector as a whole,
has lessened the impact of the recessionary
environment across the technology
domains and functions, including the
emerging technologies.
The least impact in terms of open jobs has been on the Machine Learning
domain, in which the contraction has been 8%.

11
Impact of the Pandemic on
Open Jobs across Emerging
Technologies
The contraction in open jobs post-Covid
should not be considered negative by job
seekers. The contraction only indicates
that the number of open jobs advertised
has gone down. There is still a substantial
demand for skills and talent across the
emerging technologies domains.
The study of open jobs across emerging technologies has revealed that there has been a
contraction of open jobs across the spectrum as a result of the pandemic.
The contraction of jobs advertised has been the largest for roles related to
Internet of Things (IoT) at 15.8%.
Job Contraction from March to July 2020
-18.0%
-16.0%
-14.0%
-12.0%
-10.0%
-8.0%
-6.0%
-4.0%
-2.0%
-0.0%
Internet of
Things
Artificial
Intelligence
Cloud
Computing
Deep
Learning
Data
Analytics
Blockchain Cybersecurity Machine
Learning
-15.8% -13.4% -12.5% -11.4% -10.7% -9.7% -8.7% -8.0%

12
Artificial Intelligence is a function driven
by specific needs across industries and
organizations. While AI as a domain or a
function is steadily adopted across
enterprises, from IT to Hi-tech firms, and
from eCommerce to Energy, AI is still is
a very unique and niche function that
services certain scenarios and high-end
technology, niche AI startups, and
engineering firms, among others, adopt to
develop products and services.
Hence, with the lockdown and the
resulting recessionary environment, the
open jobs advertised across AI have
contracted by 13.4%.
IoT has applications across many sectors
and industries. But most of the applica-
tions of IoT are in the sectors of Energy,
Automobile, Engineering, and Industrial
Manufacturing, wherein IoT is applied
across machinery, plants, industrial
devices, hi-tech engineering equipment,
and logistics services.
These sectors and functions saw a com-
plete shutdown in March 2020 once the
lockdown was implemented. Moreover,
even after about a month of the lifting of
the lockdown, in June 2020, production
across these sectors was about 55% of
pre-lockdown levels, entering recessionary
territory.
The outlook of these sectors too is not
very promising, with demand and
production expected to reach pre-
lockdown levels only by the end of 2020
or the beginning of 2021.
Hence, the requirement for jobs in IoT
has fallen the most by 15.8%. While this
figure is the largest for emerging technolo-
gies, it is still lower that the figure of open
jobs across the broader IT space, in which
the contraction of open jobs has been
close to 18%.
IoT is followed by Artificial Intelligence (AI), in which the contraction of
advertised open jobs is 13.4%.

13
AI is followed by Cloud computing, where
in the contraction of open jobs advertised
has been 12.5%. Cloud Computing is a
sought-after function - during and after
the lockdown a greater proportion of
transactions has been carried out online
and digitally.
Moreover, work-from-home has become
a consistent workplace phenomenon.
Although many companies have had to
move their business and operations to the
online and digital modes, the slowdown
in businesses across industries and lower
growth outlook has resulted in a contrac-
tion in the jobs across Cloud Computing.
Moreover, over the last couple of years,
Cloud Computing has seen significant
growth in terms of roles and functions,
and investments and revenues. Hence, this
contraction, although at a level of 12.5%,
should be seen as a brief pause after the
exceptional growth the function has
experienced over the last couple of years.
The open jobs in Deep Learning have
contracted by 11.4%. The contraction has
not been very severe as Deep Learning is a
function adopted by very focused
technology, semi-conductor, electronics,
engineering, healthcare, and IT firms.
Firms such as Microsoft, Apple, Intel,
Qualcomm, Phillips Healthcare, Siemens,
TCS, and Infosys, among others are all
investing in Deep Learning to develop
solutions across AI and Computer Vision,
to name a few areas. Hence, while there
has been a contraction in advertised jobs,
there are organizations that continue to
hire talent across this function.
Deep Learning is followed by Data
Analytics, in which the contraction of jobs
has been 10.7%. Data is now generated in
every business process regardless of
industry and type of operations.
Job seekers in this function should not consider this contraction as a
discouraging sign, as cloud service providers, such as Microsoft, AWS, and
Google Cloud Platform (GCP) have all indicated that demand for their services
has seen a steady growth even during the lockdown period across most
geographies and industries.

14
The Data Analytics function is followed by Blockchain – where the contraction of
open jobs has been 9.7%.
Analysis of this data now takes place
regardless of economic environment.
Moreover, in a downturn analysis of data
and gaining insights from this data is all
the more important for organizations
looking to develop new business models
and products in times of lower economic
activity. Hence, although there has been a
contraction in Data Analytics open jobs,
this contraction is expected to last for
another quarter or so.
Although there has been a lot volatility in
the Blockchain domain in terms of
valuation of key Blockchain trading
instruments, Blockchain is seen as a
long-term game changer across many
processes and industries.
Moreover, with the recessionary envi-
ronment taking a grip on execution of
processes across industries, a paradigm
change in business is evolving across
economies, and alternative methods of
transactions and executions are now being
sought by enterprises and governments
alike. Hence, the contraction in advertised
jobs for Blockchain has not been very
large.
The Cybersecurity domain within the
Emerging Technologies space has one
of the lowest contractions, second only
to Machine Learning, in open jobs. As a
greater number of transactions are carried
out over the online and digital mediums,
there is a greater need to secure networks
and data. Hence, this domain has seen a
relatively lower fall in open jobs at 8.7%.

15
This is apparent and straightforward
because of the increasing shift to automa-
tion across business processes. This shift
includes Robotic Process Automation for
Customer Service, Service Automation for
Billing and other Operational processes,
Recommendation Engines for Online
Shopping and Video Streaming, among
others.
Although this shift began many months
before the lockdown, the lockdown and
the change in habits of consumers and
processes in organizations, has accelerated
the adoption of Machine Learning.
Hence, here again, the contraction in
jobs even during the lockdown and the
ensuing recessionary environment, should
be viewed as a pause by job seekers and
incumbent professionals, and not as a
sudden drop in demand for ML services.
Overall the drop in demand in jobs across
emerging technologies is not very startling.
Professionals and job seekers should focus
on reskilling and identifying industries
and organizations where opportunities
exist.
This section covers the findings of the
proportion of open jobs by skill and role
types. Open jobs in Data Analytics have
the highest proportion at 33.7%. This is
followed by jobs in Machine Learning at
20.4%. Cybersecurity open jobs constitute
15.6% of the emerging technologies open
jobs pool. These trends are more or less in
line with estimations of experts and hiring
managers that AIMResearch has reached
out.
Machine Learning (ML), as a job role or function across all emerging
technologies, has seen the least contraction in open jobs (at 8%) since the lockdown.
Open Jobs Distribution by Skill / Roles across
EmergingTechnologies

16
Machine Learning jobs constitute 20.4% of the open jobs across emerging
technologies.
While Data Analytics was the largest
constituent of open jobs even before the
lockdown, analysis of data continues to
be a requirement across industries and
services during and after the lockdown.
Data is now generated in every transaction
across B2B and B2C segments. Even in a
recession there are requirements to ana-
lyze this data, and hence open jobs in data
analytics constitute the largest proportion
of jobs across emerging technologies
Internet of
Things
Artificial
Intelligence
Cloud
Computing
Deep
Learning
Data
Analytics
BlockchainCybersecurityMachine
Learning
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
33.7%
20.4%
15.4%
10.4%
7.7%
6.6%
3.6%
2.1%
Open Jobs Distribution By Skill / RoleTypes

17
This is so because of the transition of
data analysis and processes to automated
platforms and tools. In India, this transi-
tion started 3-4 years ago, and now, across
all sectors and functions, automation is
a key operational process that reduces
redundancies. Even in times of recessions,
Machine Learning requirements are
emerging across enterprises and job roles
are correspondingly being advertised.
Cybersecurity roles constitute 15.4% of
the emerging technologies market. As a
greater number of transactions are now
carried out over digital and online
platforms, and with greater data now
shared over networks, enterprises now
seek security professionals to safeguard
the transactions and the data. Here again,
Cybersecurity roles and requirements
emerge at a significant proportion of the
entire emerging technologies job segment.
The remainder of the open jobs have
lower proportions of the entire open jobs
pool, signifying the exclusive requirements
across sectors and enterprises for these
roles and skills.
Artificial Intelligence, Deep Learning have slightly similar proportions at 7.7%
and 6.6%. While Internet of Things and Blockchain have proportions of 3.6% and
2.1%.

18
Salaries Across
Emerging Technologies Roles
Salaries offered for open jobs cover:
• Salaries of Personnel in Emerging Technologies Roles
• Salaries Advertised for Open Jobs in Emerging Technologies
The Median Salaries offered to personnel
in Emerging Technologies reveal that the
salaries of AI personnel are the highest at
INR 14.7 Lakhs.
This is logical given that AI - Artificial
Intelligence - is a niche segment with high
salaries offered most levels and industries.
This is followed by Blockchain – wherein
the median salary is 14.1 Lakhs. This is
consistent with the salaries of Blockchain
roles offered typically by Consulting and
IT and ITES firms.
Moreover, in terms of type of technology,
although Blockchain is in the nascent
stages of development, it is a fast-evolving
industry, with enterprises seeking to
develop standards and methodologies
across services provided. Hence, the
salaries of personnel in this segment is
high.
This is followed by Machine Learning,
wherein the median salary is 13.6 Lakhs.
Machine Learning is increasingly adopted
across sectors and functions to automate
processes and services. Similarly, the
median salary for Deep Learning
personnel is at 13.6 Lakhs.
These two segments are followed by the Internet of Things or IoT Median salary
at 13.3 Lakhs and Data Analytics Median salary at Rs. 13.2 Lakhs.
Salaries of Personnel in EmergingTechnologies Roles

19
The median salaries for IoT and Data
analytics have both slightly reduced since
the start of the year. The salaries for these
2 segments were classified under the
Analytics median salary research, which
AIM carried out in early 2020, was an
average 14.4 Lakhs. This approximate
8% drop in salaries is on account of the
salaries of personnel in many enterprises
having been temporarily reduced to
counter the drop in operations and
services.
The broad Cloud Computing function has
a Median Salary of 12.8 Lakhs. The Cloud
computing function has in fact seen a rise
in salaries since the start of 2020.
Finally, for personnel within the
Cybersecurity function, the Median Salary
offered are 11.7 Lakhs. Salaries across
this function have increased from 11.4
Lakhs since the beginning of the year. This
is logical considering the shift to online
and digital operations for many firms and
online and mobile transactions carried out
in the economy.
Salaries Across EmergingTechnologies (In Lakhs)
Machine
Learning
Internet of
Things
Artificial
Intelligence
Cloud
Computing
Deep
Learning
Data
Analytics
Blockchain Cybersecurity
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
14.7
14.1 13.6 13.6
13.3 13.2
12.6
11.6

20
The fall in salaries across emerging
technologies from before the lockdown to
after has not been substantial, indicating
the continued demand for services from
clients and customers across these
emerging technologies.
The fall in salaries has been greatest for
Artificial Intelligence and Data Analytics
at 5.2% and 4.9% respectively, signify-
ing the fall in salaries for the emerging
technologies that demand relatively higher
salaries.
Change in Salaries Across EmergingTechnologies
The salaries for Cloud Computing and Cyber Security have in fact increased
from just before the onset of the pandemic till now by 1.6% and 1.9%
respectively.
% Change In Salaries
Machine
Learning
Internet of
Things
Artificial
Intelligence
Cloud
Computing
Deep
Learning
Data
Analytics
-6%
-5%
-4%
-3%
-2%
-1%
0%
1%
2%
3%
-5.2% -4.9% -4.9% -4.1%
-3.9%
-1.5%
1.6%
1.9%

21
Salaries Advertised for EmergingTechnologies Open Jobs
The salaries advertised for open jobs
across Emerging Technologies reveals that
the Median salary advertised for Artificial
Intelligence open jobs is the highest at
INR 12.1 Lakhs.
This is followed by the median salaries for
Cloud Computing jobs at 12 Lakhs.
This is followed by median salaries
advertised for Deep Learning and
Cybersecurity open jobs, wherein the
median salaries advertised are 10.4 and
10.3 Lakhs respectively. Finally, across
emerging technologies roles the advertised
median salaries for Data Analytics are 9.9
Lakhs.
The median salaries advertised for open
jobs tend to be lower than the actual
median salaries drawn by professionals.
Median salaries advertised for Machine Learning and Blockchain open jobs are
both at 10.6 Lakhs. Advertised median salaries for IoT are next on the list at
10.5 Lakhs.
Open Jobs Salary (in Lakhs)
Artificial
Intelligence
Machine
Learning
Internet of
Things
Cloud
Computing
Deep
Learning
Data
Analytics
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
14.0
12.1 12.0
10.6 10.6 10.5 10.4 10.3 9.9

22
Opportunities for Skill Development
For each of the Emerging Technologies,
the opportunities have been identified on
the basis of the current state of Open Jobs
in terms of Salary Distribution, Experience
Levels, and Distribution by Industry.
The opportunities for skill development are determined by studying the distribution of
open jobs across the following categories:
• Distribution of Open Jobs by Salary Brackets
• Distribution of Open Jobs by Experience Level
• Distribution of Open Jobs by Industry
Internet ofThings
7.8%
24.2%
29.0%
20.9%
14.2%
3.4%
0.3% 0.2% 0.1%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
IoT Jobs By Salary
0-3
lakhs
3-6
lakhs
6-10
lakhs
10-15
lakhs
15-25
lakhs
25-50
lakhs
50-75
lakhs
75-100
lakhs
100+

23
IoT Jobs By Experience
Less
than 1
Year
1 to 2
Years
2 to 5
Years
5 to 7
Years
7 to 10
Years
10 to 15
Years
More
than15
Years
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
2.9%
33.8%
36.5%
15.6%
6.3% 4.0%
0.9%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
58.3%
21.8%
5.2% 4.2% 3.7% 3.5% 1.3% 2.0%
ITIand
ITES
Ecom
m
erce
&
R
etail
Industrials&
A
utom
ative
D
igitalServices&
M
edia
Sem
icondustos&
Electronics
Sarategy
&
C
onsultings
Telecom
O
thers
IoT Jobs By Industry

24
For IoT, the proportion of open jobs is
the highest for salaries advertised in the
6-10 Lakhs bracket – at 29%. This is
followed by the open jobs advertised in
the 3-6 Lakhs bracket – at 24.2%, and
thereafter the open jobs advertised in the
salary bracket of 10-15 Lakhs proportion
at 20.9%.
By experience, the maximum concentra-
tion of open jobs is at the lower experi-
ence levels of 2-5 years and 1-2 years at
36.5% and 33.8% respectively. This
skewness towards the jobs for lower
experience levels is indicative of the
nascent stage of development of the IoT
industry in India.
In terms of industry, while the bulk of the
jobs are advertised by the IT / ITES sector,
there is a significant proportion of jobs
that are advertised by the eCommerce
sector (21.8%) and the Industrials/
Automotive sector (5.2%).
Moreover, going forward as the indus-
try develops, there would be significant
opportunities in the higher experience and
salary levels in IoT.
This provides an opportunity for personnel with skills in eCommerce,
Manufacturing & Automotive industries to develop skills in Analytics and Data
Science that would complement their industry and functional expertise – thereby
enabling these personnel to become IoT cross-skill experts in the near future.
Cloud Computing Jobs By Salary
0-3
lakhs
3-6
lakhs
6-10
lakhs
10-15
lakhs
15-25
lakhs
25-50
lakhs
50-75
lakhs
75-100lakhs
100+
Lakhs
0%
5.2%
18.9%
28.0%
23.4%
19.3%
4.4%
0.6% 0.1% 0.2%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
Cloud Computing

25
Less
than 1
Year
1 to 2
Years
2 to 5
Years
5 to 7
Years
7 to 10
Years
10 to 15
Years
More
than 15
Years
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
9.5% 11.4%
19.2% 20.6% 19.5%
15.1%
4.8%
Cloud Computing Jobs Proportion
By Experience
Cloud Computing Jobs By Industry
78.4%
4.9% 3.4% 2.5% 2.4% 2.3%
6.1%
ITIand
ITES
Ecom
m
erce
&
R
etail
Sem
icondustos&
Electronics
Sarategy
&
C
onsultings
Telecom
,ISP
BFSI
O
thers
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%

26
For Cloud Computing, the proportion
of open jobs advertised is the highest for
salaries in the 6-10 Lakhs range at 28%.
This is followed by open jobs in the 10-15
Lakhs range at 23.4%.
The greater proportion of jobs advertised
in the higher salary levels signifies the
importance of Cloud Computing across
industries and enterprises, and the demand
for personnel in the higher income brack-
ets as companies shift their operations to
the digital and online mediums and move
more of their data to the cloud.
The 19.3% proportion of open jobs ad-
vertised in the 15-25 Lakhs salary bracket
signifies this emerging trend and demand
for Cloud Computing services.
In terms of experience level, the greatest
proportion of open jobs has been
advertised in the experience level of 5-7 at
20.6%. This is followed by the jobs
advertised in the experience level of 7-10
years at 19.5%. This signifies that
enterprises are seeking personnel with
reasonable expertise in this function.
This is consistent with the trends of
demand, growth, and hiring across the
Cloud Computing domain, especially
when several enterprises are moving their
operations to the Cloud. Moreover, the
experience level open jobs curve is flatter,
signifying the relatively even distribution
of open jobs across experience levels – this
further indicates the demand for roles
across levels and capabilities.
Given the relative equitable distribution of
open jobs across experience levels, Cloud
Computing affords the opportunity to
personnel across the various skills and
experience levels to enter this domain.
Cloud Computing thus provides ample opportunity across salary and experience
levels as the demand continues to rise as the paradigm has shifted to remote
working and online operations.

27
Blockchain
Given the various cloud platforms
utilized by organizations, including AWS,
MS Azure, Google Cloud Platform, and
Oracle Cloud, among others, personnel
with skill in one cloud platform can
cross-skill in other platforms, as more
than one cloud platform is now the norm
across many IT and Technology
companies.
Moreover, given the demand for cloud
even at higher levels of experience and
salaries, professionals with expertise in
Virtualization or Server Technologies
in a particular function or industry can
upskill to one or more Cloud Technologies
through a short program and specialize in
Cloud Platforms in the industry of their
expertise.
In terms of Industry as well, while bulk
of the jobs advertised are in IT and ITES
sectors, the other sectors will afford
opportunities. Going forward, the growth
potential across the Semiconductor, BFSI,
and eCommerce sectors would provide
tremendous opportunity for Cloud
computing experts to switch industries
from IT and ITES.
Moreover, given that most of the
operations are now online across BFSI,
eCommerce, Telecom, and Digital sectors,
Cloud Computing demand would grow,
giving experts in these industries the
opportunity to develop Cloud skills across
the various platforms.
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
5.9%
28.4%
28.3%
17.3%
15.3%
4.2%
0.3% 0.1%
0-3
lakhs
3-6
lakhs
6-10
lakhs
10-15
lakhs
15-25
lakhs
25-50
lakhs
50-75
lakhs
75-100
lakhs
100+
Lakhs
Blockchain Jobs By Salary

28
Blockchain Jobs By Experience
Less
than 1
Year
1 to 2
Years
2 to 5
Years
5 to 7
Years
7 to 10
Years
10 to 15
Years
More
than15
Years
6.8%
12.3%
21.6% 21.0%
18.5%
14.2%
5.6%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
74.0%
8.1% 5.9%
2.8% 2.6%
6.5%
ITI and ITES Ecommerce &
Retail
Sarategy &
Consultings
Digital
Services &
Media
BFSI Others
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
Blockchain Jobs By Industry

29
For Blockchain, the proportion of open
jobs advertised is the highest for salaries
in the range 3-6 Lakhs at 28.4%. This
is followed by open jobs advertised in
the 6-10 Lakhs bracket and in the 10-15
bracket at 28.3% and 17.3% respectively.
In terms of experience level, the
greatest proportion of jobs advertised is
in the 2-5 years’ experience level – 21.6%.
Also, there are significant opportunities
in Blockchain for personnel with various
levels of experience. 6.8% of the jobs
advertised are for recent graduates with
less than 1 year of experience.
Moreover, about 12% of the jobs
advertised are for junior professionals
with 1-2 years of experience. Similarly, for
middle-level experienced professionals,
there are significant opportunities as well.
In terms of industry, while the greatest
proportion of jobs has been advertised in
the IT / ITES sector, the jobs advertised
for the sectors of BFSI and Consulting are
extremely significant at 8.1% and 5.9%
Hence, in terms of salary, experience, and
industry there are ample opportunities in
Blockchain – especially in the BFSI and
Strategy / Consulting sectors in the
coming quarters and years. This
opportunity would require domain-
specific skills and programme
management / leadership skills in the
years to come in the Blockchain domain.
Blockchain is a new domain and hence it is more or less straightforward that the
greatest proportion of roles are advertised for the mid-junior level of experience.

30
Artificial Intelligence
AI Jobs by Salary
0-3
lakhs
3-6
lakhs
6-10
lakhs
10-15
lakhs
15-25
lakhs
25-50
lakhs
50-75
lakhs
75-100
lakhs
100+
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
6.6%
19.3%
26.8%
21.6%
20.1%
4.6%
0.6% 0.1% 0.3%

31
AI Jobs By Experience
Less
than 1
Year
1 to 2
Years
2 to 5
Years
5 to 7
Years
7 to 10
Years
10 to 15
Years
More
than15
Years
5.8%
6.8%
21.6% 21.6% 22.3%
16.2%
5.8%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
71.4%
4.6% 4.2%
3.4% 3.4% 3.2% 2.7% 2.6%
4.6%
ITIand
ITES
Pharm
a
&
H
ealthcare
Ecom
m
erce
&
R
etail
Sarategy
&
C
onsultings
Sem
iconductors&
Electronics
D
igitalServices&
Entertainm
ent
G
overnm
ent,D
efence
BFSI
O
thers
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
AI Jobs By Industry

32
For AI, the highest proportion of jobs
advertised is in the salary bracket of 6-10
Lakhs at 26.8%. This is followed by the
proportion of open jobs in the salary
bracket of 10-15 Lakhs at 21.6 % and in
the salary bracket of 3-6 Lakhs at 21.4%.
The open jobs advertised for the AI
domain reveals an equal distribution of
jobs across the experience levels of 2-5
years, 5-7 years and 7-10 years at 21.6%,
21.6%, and 22.3% respectively.
This equitable distribution of prospective
hiring from the mid-junior to the mid-se-
nior level indicates that companies in this
domain are seeking to develop capabilities
across numerous levels of expertise.
Moreover, the entry-level categories also
afford opportunities to freshers and junior
level professionals, with 5.8% of the jobs
advertised for personnel with less than
one year of experience and 6.8% of the
jobs advertised for personnel with 1-2
years of experience.
In terms of Industry, while the highest
proportion of AI jobs advertised are in
the IT and ITES sector, the jobs adver-
tised across other industries and sectors
indicates the opportunity that job seekers
have to develop skills in these sectors and
apply for a suitable opportunity as and
when it arises.
Moreover, the breadth of sectors covering
BFSI, Pharma, eCommerce, and even the
Government sector indicates the
potential that AI offers in terms of jobs,
not just within the IT and Digital sectors,
but across sectors and even specializa-
tions, such as Computer Vision, NLP, and
Robotics.
This is indicative of the growth of the AI domain in recent years, covering
such capabilities as Computer Vision, Robotics, and Natural Language
Processing.

33
Cybersecurity
Cybersecurity Jobs By Salary
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
0-3
lakhs
3-6
lakhs
6-10
lakhs
10-15
lakhs
15-25
lakhs
25-50
lakhs
50-75
lakhs
75-100
lakhs
100+
Lakhs
8.1%
23.7%
30.9%
21.0%
12.6%
74.0%
0.2% 0.0%

34
2.6%
5.8%
15.6%
24.0%
26.0%
20.1%
5.8%
Cybersecurity Jobs By Experience
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
Less
than 1
Year
1 to 2
Years
2 to 5
Years
5 to 7
Years
7 to 10
Years
10 to 15
Years
More
than15
Years
ITIand
ITES
Telecom
Ecom
m
erce
&
R
etail
Sarategy
&
C
onsultings
Sem
iconductors&
Electronics
BFSI
O
thers
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
64.4%
11.4% 7.6%
3.8% 2.7% 2.5%
7.5%
Cybersecurity Jobs By Industry

35
For the proportion of open jobs by sala-
ries in Cybersecurity, the trends are similar
to AI with the highest proportion adver-
tised in the salary bracket of 6-10 Lakhs
at 30.9%.
The distribution of Cybersecurity jobs by
experience reveals that the proportion of
jobs is greater towards the middle level to
mid-senior level of experience, with the
highest proportion of jobs in 7-10
experience bracket at 26%, followed
by 5-7 years at 24% and 10-15 years at
20.1%.
Hence, it would be beneficial if Job
seekers and professionals look to prepare
themselves for Leadership roles in
Cybersecurity – this is a gap and
opportunity that presents itself, as 5.8%
of the jobs are advertised for jobs with
experience level greater than 15 years.
In terms of Industry, the distribution of
open jobs reveals that apart from the IT
and ITES sector, there are significant
opportunities in other sectors, such as
BFSI, Semiconductors, Consulting and
Telecom. Even the ecommerce industry
presents a small, yet significant
opportunity for cybersecurity personnel
seeking jobs.
This spread of opportunities across sectors
is consistent with the trends in demand
of Cybersecurity services after the shift to
remote working and online operations.
This skewness of open jobs towards the higher experience levels
indicates the demand for Program Managers and Leaders in
Cybersecurity and the relatively mature nature of this industry.

36
Machine Learning
8.7%
23.5%
28.7%
20.7%
14.0%
4.0%
0.4% 0.1% 0.0%
Machine Learning Jobs By Salary
0-3
lakhs
3-6
lakhs
6-10
lakhs
10-15
lakhs
15-25
lakhs
25-50
lakhs
50-75
lakhs
75-100
lakhs
100+
Lakhs
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%

37
5.0%
8.4%
22.4%
24.5%
22.1%
13.3%
4.3%
Machine Learning Jobs By Experience
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
Less
than 1
Year
1 to 2
Years
2 to 5
Years
5 to 7
Years
7 to 10
Years
10 to 15
Years
More
than15
Years
ITIand
ITES
Ecom
m
erce
&
R
etail
Sarategy
&
C
onsultings
Industrials&
A
utom
ative
Sem
iconductors&
Electronics
BFSI
O
thers
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70% 65.8%
7.8% 7.2%
5.1% 3.9% 3.8% 3.7% 2.8%
Machine Learning Jobs By Industry
Pharm
a
&
H
ealthcare

38
In terms of Salary Distribution for
Machine Learning jobs, the jobs
advertised in 6-10 Lakhs salary bracket
have the highest proportion at 28.7%.
For experience levels, the highest propor-
tion of jobs has been advertised in the 5-7
years’ level at 24.5%. The proportion of
jobs advertised in the 7-10 years’ and 10-
15 years’ experience level are 22.1% and
13.3% respectively.
This signifies the maturing nature of the
Machine Learning domain. Nonetheless,
at the lower levels of experience, novice
and junior professionals, and the upper
levels of experience of leadership
professionals, there are a small, yet
significant number opportunities afforded
by companies.
Similarly, for BFSI the proportion of jobs
is 7.2%, for Pharma at 5.1%, and
eCommerce at 3.9%. These figures
indicate the opportunities afforded by
cross industry functions in Machine
Learning.
Machine Learning is continuously
adopted by firms across industries to
automate processes and systems and
improve operational efficiencies.
Hence, in the coming quarters and years,
the industry specific jobs in this domain
would boom. Hence, for incumbents in a
particular industry, a course or
certification in Machine Learning would
facilitate a shift to the ML function.
In terms of Industry, apart from the IT and ITES sector, the jobs
advertised are relatively significant for the other sectors as well. For the
Industrials & Automotive sector, the proportion of jobs is significant at
7.8%.

39
Data Analytics
11.3%
23.7%
28.2%
20.8%
12.6%
3.0%
0.2% 0.0% 0.1%
Data Analytics Jobs By Salary
0-3
lakhs
3-6
lakhs
6-10
lakhs
10-15
lakhs
15-25
lakhs
25-50
lakhs
50-75
lakhs
75-100
lakhs
100+
Lakhs
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%

40
4.5%
7.0%
22.5% 22.5%
21.3%
15.7%
6.5%
Data Analytics Jobs By Experience
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
Less
than 1
Year
1 to 2
Years
2 to 5
Years
5 to 7
Years
7 to 10
Years
10 to 15
Years
More
than15
Years
ITIand
ITES
Ecom
m
erce
&
R
etail
Sarategy
&
C
onsultings
D
ogitalServices
Sem
iconductors&
Electronics
BFSI
O
thers
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70% 61.7%
9.9% 8.5%
5.4% 4.9%
3.4% 3.4% 2.8%
Data Analytics Jobs By Industry
Pharm
a
&
H
ealthcare

41
In terms of Salary Distribution for Data
Analytics jobs, jobs advertised in 6-10
Lakhs salary bracket have the highest
proportion at 28.2%.
In terms of experience level required for
the jobs advertised, the highest proportion
is in the 5-7 years’ and 2-5 years’
experience levels at 22.5%.
Even for entry-level positions, enterpris-
es have advertised jobs in proportion of
4.5% for freshers (less than 1 year of
experience) and 7% for junior profession-
als with 1-2 years of experience. This
signifies that across the spectrum of
experience levels, there is ample
opportunity for recent graduates and
experienced professionals in the Data
Analytics domain.
In terms of industry, apart from the IT and
ITES sectors, the data analytics function
across industries, including BFSI,
Pharma & Healthcare, Semiconductors &
Electronics, Strategy & Consulting, and
eCommerce to name a few, offers
numerous opportunities.
Data is omnipresent – with terabytes
of data generated across industries and
functions. To analyze this data, numerous
opportunities continue to crop up for
professionals across experience and
professional levels.
For senior level positions in the 10-15 years and more than 15 years
category, the proportion of jobs are 15.7% and 6.5% respectively,
highlighting the opportunities at these levels.

42
Deep Learning
10.7%
22.8%
27.6%
20.8%
13.9%
3.7%
0.3% 0.1% 0.1%
Deep Learning Jobs By Salary
0-3
lakhs
3-6
lakhs
6-10
lakhs
10-15
lakhs
15-25
lakhs
25-50
lakhs
50-75
lakhs
75-100
lakhs
100+
Lakhs
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%

43
4.7%
7.5%
24.4%
26.3%
20.2%
14.1%
2.8%
Deep Learning Jobs Proportion By Experience
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
Less
than 1
Year
1 to 2
Years
2 to 5
Years
5 to 7
Years
7 to 10
Years
10 to 15
Years
More
than15
Years
ITIand
ITES
Ecom
m
erce
&
R
etail
Sem
iconductors&
Electronics
BFSI
O
thers
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
65.0%
6.7% 5.4%
4.5% 4.4% 3.4%
10.5%
Deep Learning Jobs By Industry
Pharm
a
&
H
ealthcare
Industrials&
A
utom
ative

44
In terms of Salary Distribution, the
proportion of Deep Learning jobs is
highest in the 6-10 Lakhs level at 27.6%.
The open jobs advertised have the highest
proportion in the mid-junior to middle
experience levels, indicating the nature
of this emerging technology – a shift
fromnascent to maturing.
Even the proportion of jobs in the higher
experience levels of 7-10 years and 10-15
categories are significant at 20.2% and
14.1% respectively.
In terms of industry, apart from the IT
and ITES industry, the Deep Learning
function is gaining prominence across the
following industries - BFSI, Industrials &
Automotive, eCommerce Semiconductors
& Electronics, and Pharma & Healthcare
offer numerous opportunities in Deep
Learning.
The proportion of open jobs advertised is the highest in 5-7 years level
at 26.3%, and at 24.4% in 2-5 years’ experience level.

45
Roles and skills in Data Analytics nega-
tively impacted have scores less than 5.
Hence, the roles of Data Analytics and
Artificial Intelligence, both with scores of
less than 5, have been negatively impacted.
On the basis of the research carried out in the previous sections related to the Change in
Salaries of Professionals and the Contraction of Open Jobs, AIMResearch has classified
the roles and skills in 2 categories.
State of Job Roles/Capabilities
In the Current Environment
Roles and skills that are need of the hour
have scores greater than 6. These roles are
Cybersecurity, Cloud Computing, Internet
of Things, and Machine Learning, all with
scores greater than 6.
Stable roles have scores between 5 and 6,
and these roles are in Deep Learning and
Blockchain.
Category I: Roles and Skills Negatively Impacted
or Static in the Current Environment
Category II: In-demand & Stable Skills Required in
the Current Environment

46
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
IOT Artificial
Intelligence
Cloud
Computing
Deep
Learning
Data
Analytics
BlockchainCybersecurity Machine
Learning
8.3 8.0 7.7
6.7
5.5 5.4
4.8
3.1
Stable Nature of Job Role (Scale of 10)

47
Demand is expected to be the highest
for Cloud Security, wherein the annual
growth of jobs / roles over the next 5
years is expected to be 13%. This is fol-
lowed by Cybersecurity Defensive – with
annual job growth at 11.8%.
Both these numbers reflect the changing
dynamics of the transactions and oper-
ation. With greater companies moving
operations from on-premise systems to the
Cloud, security of this data is of primary
importance, and hence, the demand for
Cloud Security professionals and jobs will
be the highest.
Similarly, with greater digital and online
transactions carried out, enterprises will
find a need to secure their networks and
for that Cybersecurity defensive will
emerge as the 2nd most significant job/
role in terms of demand.
Cybersecurity offensive, wherein organi-
zations track malicious IP addresses and
shutdown the services of sites and servers
engaging in illegal activities, will also a
significant boost of demand in terms of
jobs and roles at 10.3% CAGR.
Another area associated with security and
risk of end-to-end operations, data, and
business continuity is Risk Analyst. This
role will see jobs growth demand increase
by 10.1% on an annual basis.
The secure roles cover jobs that are unaffected by Market and Economic Disruptions.
These roles have been identified on the basis of the demand across industries – these
roles are emerging on the basis of the changing environment, automation of processes
and services, and shift to digital and on-cloud services.
Sturdy and Secure Roles and Capabilities
With Machine to Machine communication becoming all the more significant and
real-time analysis of equipment and production becoming significant, the IoT roles of
IoT Engineer, IoT Architect, and IoT Analysts, will see demand of 9.6%, 9.6%, and
8.1% respectively.

48
IO
T
Engineer
IO
T
A
rchitect
C
loud
Security
C
ybersecurity
O
ffensive
C
ybersecurity
D
efensive
R
isk
A
nalyst
IO
T
A
nalyst
13.0
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
14.0
11.8
10.3 10.1
9.6
9.6
8.1
CAGR (%) Jobs Growth from 2020 - 2025 by Skills

49
This would ensure that professionals are
ready to take up broader or more
challenging emerging technology roles as
and when the opportunity presents itself
by their organizations or superiors – even
during the current environment of
disruption during the Covid pandemic.
Moreover, professionals could look at
developing subject matter skills in specific
industry-focused areas – especially across
the IT, eCommerce or Semiconductor/
Electronic domains. As seen across the
industry demand, the eCommerce and
Semiconductor sectors are fast emerging
as the industries in which the demand for
emerging technologies is increasing.
This is understandable given that
shopping is moving online and greater
computing speed and more intelligent
processors are now required for AI and
ML capabilities.
While the recession is creating a lot of uncertainty in the emerging technologies job and
salary markets, technology professionals should use this opportunity to boost their skills
and capabilities.
As seen across the technology domains, Cloud Computing and Cybersecurity
are fast emerging as the in-demand roles and skills, given that transactions are
being carried out on online platforms and data is moving to the Cloud.
Given the need to regularly upskill, it is
important that professionals opt for
Online Learning. Online programs are
quick in terms of enrolment and skilling.
Set-up times for online education is now
minimal. Moreover, the learning can
happen almost anywhere and at anytime.
Given the scenario to rapidly develop
skills in any given area, online programs
offer the agility that other formats may
not provide. Finally, given the uncertainty
regarding the lockdown and pandemic,
online programs offer a sense of security
in terms of health and well-being.
Emergence and Advantages of
Online Learning in the
Post-Pandemic Scenario

50
At the beginning of the year, the IT domain in general, and the specific
domains of Artificial Intelligence, Deep Learning, Data Analytics, Machine Learning, and
Cyber Security domains, to name a few, were experiencing significant growth in terms of
revenues, investments, and salaries.
However, the unfortunate pandemic, and the resulting post-pandemic recessionary
environment has affected the growth of jobs across numerous technologies and roles.
Nonetheless, the demand for Emerging Technologies jobs and roles, however, has
remained resilient.
The shift to digital and non-contact payment operations has resulted in numerous job
opportunities across the Emerging Technologies, in terms of industry, level of expertise,
and also salaries offered for roles.
• In terms of jobs, the requirement for IoT roles and jobs has fallen the most by
15.8%. While the requirement for Machine Learning jobs has fallen the least at 8%
• In terms distribution of jobs across emerging technologies, Data Analytics continues
to dominate, with a proportion of 33%, signifying the demand for analysis of data
and that data is relevant regardless of economic condition
• In terms of salaries, professionals in the domain of AI have the highest median salary
of 14.7 Lakhs, while professionals in the domain of Cybersecurity have the lowest
relative salary at 11.6 Lakhs
• Significant opportunities for skill development exist across levels for all the emerging
technologies
1. IoT offers tremendous job opportunities in the eCommerce sector (as a propor-
tion of jobs openings apart from IT / ITES sector)
2. Cloud Computing offers opportunities across all experience levels, with middle
level experience levels offering the most opportunities
3. Cybersecurity, a mature function, offers opportunities in the programme
management and leadership levels.
4. Artificial Intelligence, a maturing function, offers opportunities across a wide
range of sectors, including Government services.
5. The BFSI, Pharma & Healthcare, and Ecommerce industries offer significant
opportunities (barring the IT and ITES sectors) across almost all domains of
emerging Technologies
• On the basis of the research done by AIMResearch, Cybersecurity has emerged at the
top of the list of roles in demand in the need of the hour
• Artificial Intelligence has emerged as the role most impacted (negatively) by the cur-
rent environment
• Overall over the next few years, Cybersecurity and Cloud Computing offer the most
stability in terms of jobs and roles
CONCLUSION

About AIMResearch
AIMResearch provides rigorous, objective research and advisory to organizations
that plan to achieve higher levels of success with their analytics implementations.
AIMResearch’s single, overriding goal is to equip clients with the insights, advice and tools
they need to create a well-oiled, data driven enterprise.
Visit AIMResearch at www.aimresearch.ai

About Jigsaw Academy
Upskilling to emerging technologies has become the need of the hour, with technological
changes shaping the career landscape. Jigsaw Academy offers programs in data science &
emerging technologies to help you upskill, stay relevant & get noticed. The domain experts &
educators at Jigsaw Academy offer meticulously structured courses with industry relevant
curricula. The domain experts here offer meticulously structured courses to help train
professionals in the areas of Analytics, Data Science, Machine Learning, Big Data, Business
Analytics, Cyber Security & Cloud Computing, to name but a few.
• A Manipal Global Investee Company
• Recognized as the No.1 institute for data science training in 2019, 2018, 2017, 2016, 2014
and 2013
• Awarded the prestigious “Partner of Excellence Award 2019” by NASSCOM
• 400+ years of combined teaching experience

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