Impact of plant pathologens on plant physiology
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This document discusses the various impacts of plant diseases on key plant processes. It summarizes that diseases can impact water absorption, translocation, and evaporation through issues like damping off, wilts, and rusts. Diseases also affect respiration by increasing plant respiration rates under pathogen attack. Pathogens influence translocation of organic compounds through formations like green islands and cankers. The document further outlines how pathogens impact cell walls, cell membranes, and growth through enzymes and toxins. Reproduction and transcription can also be disrupted by pathogens through their effects on DNA, RNA and protein production.
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The host defense system in animals uses RNA interference (RNAi) to defend against pathogens. The process involves Dicer cleaving double-stranded RNA into short interfering RNA (siRNA). The siRNA is incorporated into the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) which uses the siRNA to guide itself to complementary messenger RNA (mRNA) sequences. RISC then cleaves the mRNA, preventing translation and degrading the mRNA fragment. This defensive mechanism allows the host to degrade genetic material from pathogens.
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Sheath blight of rice
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Water Conduction in Plant
Water conduction in plants occurs through two pathways: the symplast and apoplast. In the symplast pathway, water moves between cells through plasmodesmata. In the apoplast pathway, water moves between cell walls and other extracellular spaces. Monocots and dicots differ in their vascular tissue structure, with monocots having vascular bundles randomly arranged in the pith and dicots having vascular tissue arranged in a ring. The document discusses the importance of water transport, anatomical structures involved, and mechanisms such as osmosis, transpiration, and root pressure that drive water movement throughout plant tissues.
EFFECT OF PATHOGEN ON HOST PLANT PHYSIOLOGY
Plant pathogens can interfere with key plant physiological functions such as photosynthesis, respiration, transpiration, nutrient transport, and cellular processes. This document discusses how pathogens disrupt these functions through tissue damage, toxin production, and cellular changes. Specifically, it notes that pathogens reduce photosynthesis by destroying chlorophyll or inhibiting related enzymes. They also increase plant respiration and interfere with nutrient transport through the xylem and phloem.
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This document discusses three types of water pollution: garbage water pollution, water scarcity, and chemical water pollution. Garbage water pollution is caused by mismanagement of solid waste and spreads harmful bacteria and odors. Water scarcity means physical shortage or lack of access/infrastructure for regular supply. Chemical pollution comes from industrial/agricultural chemicals like metals, solvents, pesticides, and oil which can poison aquatic life. Solutions proposed include conserving water, recycling, improving technology, farming practices, sewage systems, and infrastructure as well as supporting clean water initiatives.
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Effect of plant pathogens in plant physiologicalfunction
Effect of plant pathogens in plant physiologicalfunction
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This document provides an overview of plant pathogens and plant pathology. It begins with basic terminology related to plant diseases. It then discusses different types of plant pathogens including fungi, bacteria, nematodes, viruses, and parasitic plants. It provides examples of important fungal and bacterial plant pathogens. It explains that plant pathology is the study of plant diseases and involves knowledge from various disciplines. The document discusses the importance of studying plant pathogens and stresses of plant diseases pose on feeding the world's population.
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I. The document discusses apparent and true resistance in plants to disease.
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III. To determine if a plant has apparent or true resistance, it must be inoculated with the pathogen under disease-favorable conditions and observed for symptoms.
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