- The document discusses immutable infrastructure and immutable images in cloud computing. - Immutable infrastructure uses configuration management tools like Chef and Docker to build stateless, reproducible server images. - When servers are deployed from these images, they are configured automatically and can be replaced easily without losing state.

1. ImmutableInfrastructure
DaekwonKim
propellerheaven@gmail.com

2. nacyot
@nacyot
Rubyprogrammer
http://nacyot.com

3. WebDevelopment
RubyonRails
ProgrammingLanguages
Visualization
Translation
Deployment

4. Deployment
ImmutableInfrastructure

5. Leevi
http://leevi.co.kr/

6. Remotty
http://blog.remotty.com

8. 지난이야기
WebDevelopment
ServerManagement
AmazonWebService

9. 오늘이야기
ImmutableInfrastructure
DisposableComponents
Orchestration
BlueGreenDeployment
ContinuousDelivery

10. 새로운툴
Chef/Puppet/Ansible
Docker
Vagrant
Packer
Serf
ServerSpec
AmazonWebService

12. TOC
Cloud
AutoScaling
Image
Deploy
ImmutableInfrastructure
DisposableComponents
ConfigurationManagement
Docker
HashiCorp

13. Cloud
SaaS
PasS
IaaS

14. Cloud
SoftwareasaService
GoogleApps
AdobeCreativeCloud
PlatformasaService
Heroku
GoogleAppEngine
InfrastructureasaService
AmazonWebService
Ucloudbiz

15. PlatformasaService

16. 컴퓨터vs클라우드

17. 컴퓨터(서버)
물리적실체
공간적제약
장소적제약
예산적제약
유지보수

18. 클라우드위의컴퓨터
비물리적실체
공간적제약?
장소적제약?
예산적제약?
유지보수?

19. Delegate,Delegate,Delegate

20. 공간적제약
언제든원하는만큼사용할수있음
물리적서버를설치할필요없음

21. 장소적제약
원하는리젼(장소)에서서비스가능
AWSEC2,DigitalOcean
원하는위치에서배포가능
CDN,AWSCloudFront

23. 예산적제약
매몰비용이거의발생하지않음
서버를구입할필요없음
월단위대여할필요없음
사용한만큼만내면됨
시간단위과금

24. 유지보수
필요없음
DisposableComponents?

25. AmazonWebService는인터넷의발전소다.
타마카와켄

27. 디지털오션예제

28. 서버실행하기
$tugboatcreateContainerShip-s66-i2158507-r6-k301023
$tugboatdroplets
ContainerShip(ip:128.199.253.99,status:new,region:6,id:1383635)

29. 서버종료하기
$tugboatdestroyContainerShip
Dropletfuzzynameprovided.FindingdropletID...done,1383635(ContainerShip)
Warning!Potentiallydestructiveaction.Pleaseconfirm[y/n]:y
Queuingdestroyfor1383635(ContainerShip)...done

30. Billing

31. 10원

32. Cloud!=ServerHosting

33. RRRSpec
분산테스트프레임워크

34. RRRSpec
테스트17000개
1대로몇시간걸림

35. RRRSpec
1대*몇시간
==
EC2스팟인스턴스60대*8~9분

36. DeploymentonCloud

37. AutoScaling
부하가커지면
자동적으로인스턴스가실행되고(ScaleOut)
부하가작아지면
자동적으로인스턴스가종료됨

38. AutoScaling의장점
유연한대응
합리적비용

39. AutoScaling의조건
어플리케이션설계
정교한비지니스로직분리
서버환경설정분리및자동화
데이터스토어분리

40. WheninRome,doastheRomansdo
클라우드위에선클라우드에어울리는설계가필요
BestPractice
CDP클라우드설계원칙
TheTwelve-FactorApp

41. CDP클라우드설계원칙
가능한한서비스를이용
생각보다행동으로
작은규모로시작하여스케일아웃
변화를전계층에서처리
고장을위한설계
처음뿐이아닌주기적인개선

42. AutoScaling을전제로한컴퓨터란
어플리케이션이가동되기위한환경이구성된
인스턴스로부터Stamp패턴으로생성된
AMI이미지로부터생성된
가상인스턴스(컴퓨터)

43. AutoScaling을전제로한컴퓨터란
어플리케이션이가동되기위한환경이구성된
인스턴스로부터Stamp패턴으로생성된
AMI이미지로부터생성된
DisposableComponents

44. DisposableCopmonent
쓰고
버리는

45. DisposableCopmonent
미리설정된
쓰고
버리는
인스턴스(컴퓨터)

46. DisposableCopmonent
서버설정?
서버관리?

47. Image

48. Image
새로운문제

49. Image
이미지는정말로작동가능한가?

50. Image
아마도…

51. 최초의이미지는어디서오는가?
서버설정
useradd…
setenv
apt-getupdate
apt-getinstall…(순서!!)
ufw…
iptable…
…

52. 최초의이미지는어디서오는가?
어플리케이션설치
rubybuild
apt-get…
geminstallbundler
gitclone…
bundleinastll
configuration
runapplicationserver
serverproxy
…

53. 어플리케이션이업데이트되면?
어플리케이션업데이트
gitpull…
apt-get…
bundleupdate
configuration
…

54. 유지보수

55. Thesystembecomesahouseofcards.Youfearanychange
andyoufearreplacingitsinceyoudon’tknoweverything
abouthowitworks.
TrashYourServersandBurnYourCode:ImmutableInfrastructureand
DisposableComponents,ChadFowler

56. 서버관리의본질은전역적환경설정
서버는
하드웨어부터
OS를거쳐
어플리케이션까지
모든요소들이얽히고섥혀있는곳
의존성거의관리불가능

57. StatefulImage
그저이미지화했을뿐이고

58. StatefulImage
복원불가능
검증불가능
일단돌아는감
안전불감증

59. StatefulImage
DisposableComponents
fromRecycledImage

60. State
프로그래머의원죄
전역변수를사용하지말라

62. ConfigurationManagement

63. 상태관리가귀찮으면관리안하면되잖아
이토나오야

64. InfrastructureasCode
이토나오야

65. ConfigurationManagement
Chef
Puppet
Ansible

66. ConfigurationManagement
Idempotence(멱등)

67. ConfigurationManagement
복원가능
Build
검증가능
Serverspec
이력관리
InfrastructureasCode

68. Build
#ChefCookbook::MyServer
#Recipe::InstallApache
log'InstallApache'
package'httpd'do
action:install
end

69. ServerSpec
require'spec_helper'
describepackage('httpd')do
it{shouldbe_installed}
end
describeservice('httpd')do
it{shouldbe_enabled}
it{shouldbe_running}
end
describeport(80)do
it{shouldbe_listening}
end

72. ConfigurationManagement
Deployment

73. Vagrant
Provisioner
Provider

74. Vagrant
Provisioner=Chef
Provider=Vmware

75. Vagrant
Provisioner=Chef
Provider=AWSEC2

76. Vagrant
Provisioning=Chef
Provider=DigitalOcean

77. Vagrant
HashiCorp의야망

78. Vagrant
뒤에서다시

79. ServerImage
Stateless
ConfigurationManagement

80. ImmutableInfrastructure

81. Immutable?
변경불가능
inJava
StringvsStringBuffer
함수형프로그래밍언어

82. Immutable==Stateless

83. TravisCI
커밋할때마다
새로운빌드환경구축
Heroku
푸쉬할때마다
새로운어플리케이션이미지생성

84. ImmutableInfrastructure
관리가능하고
ConfigurationManagement

85. ImmutableInfrastructure
테스트가능한
ServerSpec

86. ImmutableInfrastructure
Stateless하고
Build

87. ImmutableInfrastructure
Scalable한
StampPattern

88. ImmutableInfrastructure
이미지기반의
Lightweight,Portable

89. ImmutableInfrastructure
관리가능하고
테스트가능하며
Stateless하고
Scalable한
이미지기반의
어플리케이션배포

91. Docker
Dockerisanopen-sourceenginethatautomatesthe
deploymentofanyapplicationasalightweight,portable,self-
sufficientcontainerthatwillrunvirtuallyanywhere

92. Docker
한마디로
BuildOnce,RunAnywhere

93. Docker

94. Docker
Image
Container
Dockerfile

95. DockerImage
Build

96. Dockerfile
FROMubuntu:12.04
MAINTAINERDaekwonKim
#Runupgrade
RUNechodebhttp://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntuprecisemainuniverse/etc/apt/sources.list
RUNapt-getupdate
#Installbasicpackages
RUNapt-get-qq-yinstallgitcurlbuild-essential
#Installapache2
RUNapt-get-qq-yinstallapache2
ENVAPACHE_RUN_USERwww-data
ENVAPACHE_RUN_GROUPwww-data
ENVAPACHE_LOG_DIR/var/log/apache2
RUNa2enmodrewrite
propellerheaven@gmail.com

97. DockerContainer
Run

98. Docker-registry
ImageArchive

99. 예제)Remotty공동가계부빌드/배포구상도
GithubHook
Jenkins
Local
PushImagetoDockerRegistry
Remote(StageServer)
Notify

100. Local(BuildServe)
DockerBuild(test)
DockerBuild(application)
PushImagetoDockerRegistry

101. Dockerfile
FROMnacyot-bbapi
MAINTAINERDaekwonKim
ADD./workspace
#ENV
ENVRAILS_ENVtest
#Build
RUNcd/workspace;echo'gem:--no-ri--no-rdoc'~/.gemrc
RUNcd/workspace;bundleinstall--withoutdevelopment
RUNcd/workspace;bundleexecrakedb:migrateRAILS_ENV=test
RUNcd/workspace;bundleexecrspec
propellerheaven@gmail.com

102. Dockerfile.production
#Installbbapi
ADD./app
ADDProcfile/app/Procfile
ENVRAILS_ENVproduction
RUNcd/app;bundleinstall--withoutdevelopmenttest
RUNcd/app;bundleexecrakedb:create
RUNcd/app;bundleexecrakedb:migrate
RUNcd/app;bundleexecrakedb:seed
RUNcd/app/angular;npminstall
RUNcd/app/angular;mkdirtasks
RUNcd/app/angular;npminstallgrunt-contrib-nodeunit
RUNmv/app/angular/config/config.default.json/app/angular/config/config.json
#Runbbapi
EXPOSE3000
EXPOSE9000
WORKDIR/app
CMDforemanstart-fProcfile

103. PushImagetoDokcerRegistry
mvDockerfile.productionDockerfile
exportHASH=$(gitshow-ref--head|grep-hHEAD|cut-d':'-f2|head-n1|head-c10)
dockerbuild-rm-tnacyot-bbapi:${HASH}.
dockertagnacyot-bbapi:${HASH}docker-registry.remotty.com/nacyot-bbapi:${HASH}
dockertagnacyot-bbapi:${HASH}docker-registry.remotty.com/nacyot-bbapi:latest
dockerdocker-registry.remotty/nacyot-bbapi
커밋마다빌드되어이미지로Registry저장소(S3)에저장됨.

104. Remote(StageServer)
dockerpulldocker-registry.remotty.com/nacyot-bbapi:latest
dockerrun-ddocker-registry.remotty.com/nacyot-bbapi:latest
${HASH}.stage.bbapi.remotty.com
커밋별스테이지서버
E2ETest

105. Remote(StageServer)

106. 참고:도커이미지용량?
(1+1+1+1+1+1+1)GB=7GB?

107. 참고:도커이미지용량?
$s3cmddu-H
1241Ms3://remotty-docker-registry/

108. 참고:도커이미지용량?

109. Notify
Slack
Github

110. DeploymentbasedonDocker
==RuningContainer
!=ManagingServer

111. Docker장점
컨테이너를싣는플랫폼

112. Docker단점
컨테이너를싣는플랫폼

113. HashiCorp
Vagrant
Packer
Serf

114. Packer
Packerislightweight,runsoneverymajoroperatingsystem,
andishighlyperformant,creatingmachineimagesfor
multipleplatformsinparallel.
IntroductiontoPacker

115. Packer
한마디로
범용적이미지생성기

116. Packer
Provisioners
ChefSolo
Ansible
Puppet
ShellScripts
Builders
AmazonEC2(AMI)
DigitalOcean
Docker
GoogleComputEngine
VirtualBox
VMware

117. VagrantandPacker
Development=Deployment=Image

118. Serf
Orchestration

119. TheFutureisImmutable
MitchellHashimoto

120. 감사합니다:)