This document summarizes key concepts in immunology as they relate to periodontal disease. It discusses the epithelial barrier and pattern recognition receptors that detect pathogens. Inflammatory mediators recruit immune cells through chemotaxis. T lymphocytes develop and differentiate into subsets like Th1, Th2, Th17 that activate different immune responses. B cells produce antibodies through somatic hypermutation. Regulatory T cells control self-tolerance. The adaptive response becomes antigen-specific and develops memory. Dendritic cells present antigens to activate T cells. An imbalance in T cell subsets can lead to tissue destruction in periodontal disease.
Exploring the First Line of Defense - Research Tools for Innate Immnity: Host...QIAGEN
The innate immune system executes crucial and unique functions for host defense against infection. This slidedeck provides an overview of the most important cellular and molecular components of innate immunity and discusses their functions in a variety of disease states. Research technologies are also introduced for exploring innate immune activity in your system through profiling of gene expression, cytokine production and signal transduction pathway analysis, all in the context of current literature.
summary of factors contributing to the pathogeesis of SLE and the events that lead to its associated tissue damage, from genetic and immunologic point of view
Exploring the First Line of Defense - Research Tools for Innate Immnity: Host...QIAGEN
The innate immune system executes crucial and unique functions for host defense against infection. This slidedeck provides an overview of the most important cellular and molecular components of innate immunity and discusses their functions in a variety of disease states. Research technologies are also introduced for exploring innate immune activity in your system through profiling of gene expression, cytokine production and signal transduction pathway analysis, all in the context of current literature.
summary of factors contributing to the pathogeesis of SLE and the events that lead to its associated tissue damage, from genetic and immunologic point of view
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
51. TH1/TH2
• Adoptive transfer of specific T helper type 1 or
type 2 cells into nude rats .
• In these experiments, T helper type 2 cells were
found to protect the periodontal tissues from
destruction by bacterial infection while the type 1
cells did not.
• Furthermore, antibodies to P. gingivalis reduced
the virulence of this pathogen in animal models .
52. • Immune modulation can be achieved
either by using
• 1) immunization protocols that would
favor a T helper type 2 response
(primary immune response)
• 2) by introducing T helper type 2
cytokines directly in the local lesion
(secondary immune response).
57. WHY SHIFT IN THE Th PARADIGM
• 1.Many cytokines origin cannot be explained by
Th1&2
• 2.Certain species produce only IL-17
• 3.Resistance to certain diseases inspite of Th1&2
• 4.PGE2 increase IL-23 & inhibit IL-12
• 5.No consensus on Th1&2 and disease
progression
• 6.Associated bone loss
61. 17A ----17 F
• The IL-17 family play a role in a number of
diseases
• Rheumatoid arthritis
• Pulmonary disease
• Lupus
• Multiple sclerosis
• IBD
62. TH17 in periodontitis
• Pro – and anti inflammatory property
• Stimulate epithelial,endothelial
&fibroblast to produce IL-6,IL-8 & PGE2
• Primary source of RANKL
65. CYTOTOXIC (KILLER )
T LYMPHOCYTES
• Tc1 -- IFN ,TNF
• Tc2 -- IL-4 ,IL-5
• SUPRA MOLECULAR ACTIVATION CLUSTER (SMAC )
• Actin reorganisation
• Position lytic granules to the target cell contact site
• Perforin form pores
• Granzyme enter & cleaves
• Involve cell surface receptors ( FAS ligand –FasL )
• FasL – Fas – FADD -- CASPASE
66.
67. B- cells
• B cells divided into B-1a & B-1b
• B-1a express CD5 .Specific sites . Early T –cell independent
• Low affinity
B1a --- from peripheral blood of patients with auto immune
diseases
• Produce IgM autoantibodies
• Marker of susceptibility
• No decrease in level after therapy
68. B2 --- from bone marrow .CONVENTIONAL B
CELLS.
T-dependent
Yield isotype swiched high affinity memory
cells & plasma cells .
Periodontitis have B-1a & B-2 .
Internalization of antigen by Ig receptor
79. STABLE LESION
TH1 PREDOMINANT
• IFN ENHANCE THE
PHAGOCYTIC ACTIVIT
OF PMN & MO
• CONTAINMENT OF
INFECTION
• LESION PERSISTS DUE
TO CONTINUOUS
FORMATION OF PLAQUE
80. PROGRESSIVE LESION
IF THE INNATE IS POOR ,LOW
IL-12 PRODUCED
,SUPPRESSING TH1
RESPONSE
• TH2 LESION
• B CELLS PLASMA CELLS
• POOR TH1 RESPONSE
,MAST CELL STIMULATION
OF IL-4 =WILL ENCOURAGE
TH2 RESPONSE. , B CELL
ACTIVATION AND ANTIBODY
PRODUCTION
82. REGULATORY T -CELLS
• Suppresses the activation of other cells in
contact dependent or independent manner .
• Interact with both Th1 & Th2 effectoer T
cells and suppress both.
• Which can be thru” APC or direct T-T
interactions
83. TWO MECHANISMS FOR SELF TOLERANCE
:
1.RECESSIVE
2.DOMINANT
REGULATORY T CELLS
IMMUNE TOLERANCE
87. TREG IN PERIODONTITIS
• Nakajima et al. discovered that CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T
cells were present in all healthy ⁄ gingivitis lesions,
although at lower levels than in periodontitis lesions. The
authors speculate that in gingivitis lesions, regulatory T
cells control the immune pathology so as to avoid
periodontal tissue destruction, whereas in established
periodontitis lesions, the regulatory T cells may be
recruited into the lesions in an attempt to suppress
tissue destruction through putative autoimmune
mechanisms via a negative feedback system.
93. STEM CELLS & Th subset
• In vitro & in vivo studies have indicated that
GMSC could significantly inhibit Th17 cells and
simutaneously promote xpansion of nTreg.
Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) are small molecular motifs conserved within a class of microbes, but not present in the host. They are recognized by toll-like receptors (TLRs) and other pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) in both plants and animals.
