This document summarizes a study that assessed the quality of life of 100 glaucoma patients using the WHOQOL-Bref questionnaire. The study found that glaucoma patients had significantly lower quality of life scores than healthy controls in the physical, mental, social, and environmental domains. Among socio-demographic factors, quality of life was lower in older patients and those with lower socioeconomic status. Several clinical factors, such as severity of glaucoma, were also associated with lower quality of life. The study concludes that glaucoma significantly impacts patients' quality of life and that socio-demographic and clinical factors should be considered in glaucoma management.
Comparative Studies of Diabetes in Adult Nigerians Lipid Profile and Antioxid...YogeshIJTSRD
The study sought to determine the extent to which the usage of social media in the marketing of agricultural products in South West Nigeria can enhance farmers turnover. It employed the survey research design to collect data with the help of a structured questionnaire to elicit information from respondents selected from six 6 south western states. Research data were analysed using structural equation modelling. The results showed that the use of social media WhatsApp and Facebook in marketing of agricultural products significantly enhances farmers turnover. The managerial implication is that use of Whatsapp and Facebook in the marketing of agricultural products for the enhancement of farmers’ turnover was found to have significant influence on the enhancement in farmers’ turnover from agricultural products. Policy makers in government should provide the enabling environment for the telecommunication companies to enhance their reach by installing their facilities across the length and breadth of the country so that the network coverage will be strong at all times so that the benefits of social media usage will not be constrained. Egejuru, Leonard O | Akubugwo, Emmanuel I | Ugorji, Beatrice N "Comparative Studies of Diabetes in Adult Nigerians: Lipid Profile and Antioxidants Vitamins (A and C)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45021.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biochemistry/45021/comparative-studies-of-diabetes-in-adult-nigerians-lipid-profile-and-antioxidants-vitamins-a-and-c/egejuru-leonard-o
Overall patient satisfaction was significantly higher in homeopathic than in ...home
The results of our systematic review provide limited evidence for the effectiveness of CAM therapy in
relieving symptoms of CFS. However, we are not able to draw firm conclusions concerning CAM therapy for CFS
due to the limited number of RCTs for each therapy, the small sample size of each study and the high risk of bias
in these trials. Further rigorous RCTs that focus on promising CAM therapies are warranted
Comparative Studies of Diabetes in Adult Nigerians Lipid Profile and Antioxid...YogeshIJTSRD
The study sought to determine the extent to which the usage of social media in the marketing of agricultural products in South West Nigeria can enhance farmers turnover. It employed the survey research design to collect data with the help of a structured questionnaire to elicit information from respondents selected from six 6 south western states. Research data were analysed using structural equation modelling. The results showed that the use of social media WhatsApp and Facebook in marketing of agricultural products significantly enhances farmers turnover. The managerial implication is that use of Whatsapp and Facebook in the marketing of agricultural products for the enhancement of farmers’ turnover was found to have significant influence on the enhancement in farmers’ turnover from agricultural products. Policy makers in government should provide the enabling environment for the telecommunication companies to enhance their reach by installing their facilities across the length and breadth of the country so that the network coverage will be strong at all times so that the benefits of social media usage will not be constrained. Egejuru, Leonard O | Akubugwo, Emmanuel I | Ugorji, Beatrice N "Comparative Studies of Diabetes in Adult Nigerians: Lipid Profile and Antioxidants Vitamins (A and C)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45021.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biochemistry/45021/comparative-studies-of-diabetes-in-adult-nigerians-lipid-profile-and-antioxidants-vitamins-a-and-c/egejuru-leonard-o
Overall patient satisfaction was significantly higher in homeopathic than in ...home
The results of our systematic review provide limited evidence for the effectiveness of CAM therapy in
relieving symptoms of CFS. However, we are not able to draw firm conclusions concerning CAM therapy for CFS
due to the limited number of RCTs for each therapy, the small sample size of each study and the high risk of bias
in these trials. Further rigorous RCTs that focus on promising CAM therapies are warranted
A Descriptive Study to Assess the Level of Anxiety among B.Sc. Nursing 1st Ye...YogeshIJTSRD
A quantitative descriptive study was undertaken to assess the level of Anxiety towards exposure to hospital environment among B.Sc. Nursing 1st year student at Apex College of Nursing, Varanasi, India. 100 students were selected through convenience sampling technique and data was collected by using beck anxiety inventory scale. Nursing 1st Year Students Regarding Exposure to Hospital Environment in Selected College of Nursing at Varanasi, India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45024.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/45024/a-descriptive-study-to-assess-the-level-of-anxiety-among-bsc-nursing-1st-year-students-regarding-exposure-to-hospital-environment-in-selected-college-of-nursing-at-varanasi-india/ms-anushi
Comparative evaluation of 2g single dose versus conventional dose azithromycin in uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections. Indian Journal Of Pharmacology. August 2015;Vol. 47; Issue 4
A Study On Clinical Profile Of Sepsis Patients In Intensive Care Unit Of A Te...dbpublications
Background : Sepsis is life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection which is one of the most important cause of mortality & morbidity in critically ill patients. In this study clinical profiles of the sepsis patients admitted in ICU in this part of India have been evaluated. Methods & Materials: This prospective hospital based observational study was undertaken in the department of Emergency Medicine ICU of Gauhati Medical College & Hospital, over a period of one year from August 2014 to July 2015 after obtaining institutional ethical committee clearance.
RESULTS: Clinical profiles of 50sepsis patients, with male preponderance (56%) & mortality rate 36% were studied. Mean age was 48.36 years (SD ±17.16). fever & tachycardia were present in all patients. 30 patients (60%) required ventilatory support, 28 patients (56%) required inotropic support, 10 patients (20%) required dialysis. Gram negative bacteria were found to be the predominant pathogens associated with sepsis(73.4%) where most common organism responsible was Klebsiella (36.8%). Conclusion : assessment of clinical signs & initial serological & radiological investigations are of utmost importance to detect more critically ill patients as early as possible to intervene earlier for saving the life of the sepsis patients.
Role of the Biochemistry Labs in Promoting the Health Care Services for the I...IJERA Editor
The health care in the State of Kuwait depends to a greater extent on the biochemical and clinical labs attached
at each hospital. The data obtained from these laboratories will facilitate the process of diagnosing the disease
accurately. This will have a positive impact on the selection of appropriate treatment for the patients in general
and for diabetics specifically.
The main objective of this research was to build a profile for lab analysis and a database for building a
comprehensive system of integrated activities to raise health care for diabetic patients in Kuwait. The study
revealed the burden of admitted diabetic cases on the blood chemistry laboratory in Sabah Hospital (in relation
to length of stay and total numbers of lab requests). The aim was fulfilled by designing a model of the
biochemical tests for diabetics; filling in forms from the reality of patient data, completing and analyzing the
results electronically.
The study showed the importance of biochemical and clinical labs since they act as the link of patient's
information at the secondary health care level.
Abstract—Adolescents are the future resources for any country to progress and prosper. According to Census 2001, in India, adolescent constitute one-fifth of the total population. Adolescent AGs are one of the important segments of the population for they are the future mother whose nutritional status affects that of the newborn baby. Anemia being a major public health problem among adolescent girls, a study was conducted with the objective to determine the socio-demographic correlates of anemia among girls. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 467 adolescent AGs in Ahmadabad city during May 2011 to august 2012 in Adolescent Friendly Health Services clinics. Results: Prevalence of anemia among adolescent girls was 85.9%. Highest prevalence was observed during mid-adolescence phase. As the age of girls increases, Hemoglobin tends to get on the lower side. A statistically significant association was observed between anemia and nutritional status. No association was observed between anemia and religion, birth order, type of -family, education of parents and occupation of parents. Conclusion: Association between anemia and under-nutrition has been reported earlier in numerous studies; however present study highlights the fact that it is not common to have anemia among girls who are over nourished or obese. Hence, special efforts should be made to address this issue among girls by doing dietary modifications.
Abstract—Abnormalities that characterizes lipoprotein metabolism in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients, fasting concentration of triglyceride rich lipoprotein especially very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) are higher and those of HDL, commonly measured as HDL-c, are lower than among people without diabetes, which leads to increased triglyceride HDL-c ratio and insulin resistance. This type of diabetic dyslipidemia is a major cause of oxidative stress which promote and accelerate atherosclerosis and thus, end organ damage AMI. This present study was carried at the Central Clinical Laboratory MIMSR Medical College Latur, with the aim to find out the role of lipoprotein-triglyceride in myocardial infarction in NIDDM. For this study, patient with myocardial infarction with NIDDM were selected after admitting in MIMSR Medical College Latur. These 25 cases were included in study group and age-matched to these cases 50 healthy subjects were selected as Control group. The lipid profile and total serum lipid peroxides (malondialdehyde) of study and control groups were assessed & compared. It was found that in the control group mean values of total cholesterol was 180.21 ± 18.13 mg % whereas it was 229.21± 23.58 in study group, which was significantly higher in study group. Likewise, mean Serum Triglycerides and Serum Lipid Peroxides (MDA) of study group were also found significantly (p<0.001) higher that of control group (228.14 v/s 99.9 and 410.22 v/s 180.96 respectively). It was also revealed in this study that mean Serum HDL-Cholesterol was found significantly lower in study group whereas LDL-Cholesterol (28.72 v/s 53.83) and VLDL-Cholesterol were found significantly higher in study group that control group (150.61 v/s 106.60 and 46.30 v/s 19.8). So it can be concluded that AMI patients with NIDDM have higher Total Serum Cholesterol, Serum Triglycerides, Serum Lipid Peroxides (MDA), LDL- Cholesterol and VLDL- Cholesterol with lower HDL- Cholesterol.
A Descriptive Study to Assess the Level of Anxiety among B.Sc. Nursing 1st Ye...YogeshIJTSRD
A quantitative descriptive study was undertaken to assess the level of Anxiety towards exposure to hospital environment among B.Sc. Nursing 1st year student at Apex College of Nursing, Varanasi, India. 100 students were selected through convenience sampling technique and data was collected by using beck anxiety inventory scale. Nursing 1st Year Students Regarding Exposure to Hospital Environment in Selected College of Nursing at Varanasi, India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45024.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/45024/a-descriptive-study-to-assess-the-level-of-anxiety-among-bsc-nursing-1st-year-students-regarding-exposure-to-hospital-environment-in-selected-college-of-nursing-at-varanasi-india/ms-anushi
Comparative evaluation of 2g single dose versus conventional dose azithromycin in uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections. Indian Journal Of Pharmacology. August 2015;Vol. 47; Issue 4
A Study On Clinical Profile Of Sepsis Patients In Intensive Care Unit Of A Te...dbpublications
Background : Sepsis is life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection which is one of the most important cause of mortality & morbidity in critically ill patients. In this study clinical profiles of the sepsis patients admitted in ICU in this part of India have been evaluated. Methods & Materials: This prospective hospital based observational study was undertaken in the department of Emergency Medicine ICU of Gauhati Medical College & Hospital, over a period of one year from August 2014 to July 2015 after obtaining institutional ethical committee clearance.
RESULTS: Clinical profiles of 50sepsis patients, with male preponderance (56%) & mortality rate 36% were studied. Mean age was 48.36 years (SD ±17.16). fever & tachycardia were present in all patients. 30 patients (60%) required ventilatory support, 28 patients (56%) required inotropic support, 10 patients (20%) required dialysis. Gram negative bacteria were found to be the predominant pathogens associated with sepsis(73.4%) where most common organism responsible was Klebsiella (36.8%). Conclusion : assessment of clinical signs & initial serological & radiological investigations are of utmost importance to detect more critically ill patients as early as possible to intervene earlier for saving the life of the sepsis patients.
Role of the Biochemistry Labs in Promoting the Health Care Services for the I...IJERA Editor
The health care in the State of Kuwait depends to a greater extent on the biochemical and clinical labs attached
at each hospital. The data obtained from these laboratories will facilitate the process of diagnosing the disease
accurately. This will have a positive impact on the selection of appropriate treatment for the patients in general
and for diabetics specifically.
The main objective of this research was to build a profile for lab analysis and a database for building a
comprehensive system of integrated activities to raise health care for diabetic patients in Kuwait. The study
revealed the burden of admitted diabetic cases on the blood chemistry laboratory in Sabah Hospital (in relation
to length of stay and total numbers of lab requests). The aim was fulfilled by designing a model of the
biochemical tests for diabetics; filling in forms from the reality of patient data, completing and analyzing the
results electronically.
The study showed the importance of biochemical and clinical labs since they act as the link of patient's
information at the secondary health care level.
Abstract—Adolescents are the future resources for any country to progress and prosper. According to Census 2001, in India, adolescent constitute one-fifth of the total population. Adolescent AGs are one of the important segments of the population for they are the future mother whose nutritional status affects that of the newborn baby. Anemia being a major public health problem among adolescent girls, a study was conducted with the objective to determine the socio-demographic correlates of anemia among girls. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 467 adolescent AGs in Ahmadabad city during May 2011 to august 2012 in Adolescent Friendly Health Services clinics. Results: Prevalence of anemia among adolescent girls was 85.9%. Highest prevalence was observed during mid-adolescence phase. As the age of girls increases, Hemoglobin tends to get on the lower side. A statistically significant association was observed between anemia and nutritional status. No association was observed between anemia and religion, birth order, type of -family, education of parents and occupation of parents. Conclusion: Association between anemia and under-nutrition has been reported earlier in numerous studies; however present study highlights the fact that it is not common to have anemia among girls who are over nourished or obese. Hence, special efforts should be made to address this issue among girls by doing dietary modifications.
Abstract—Abnormalities that characterizes lipoprotein metabolism in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients, fasting concentration of triglyceride rich lipoprotein especially very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) are higher and those of HDL, commonly measured as HDL-c, are lower than among people without diabetes, which leads to increased triglyceride HDL-c ratio and insulin resistance. This type of diabetic dyslipidemia is a major cause of oxidative stress which promote and accelerate atherosclerosis and thus, end organ damage AMI. This present study was carried at the Central Clinical Laboratory MIMSR Medical College Latur, with the aim to find out the role of lipoprotein-triglyceride in myocardial infarction in NIDDM. For this study, patient with myocardial infarction with NIDDM were selected after admitting in MIMSR Medical College Latur. These 25 cases were included in study group and age-matched to these cases 50 healthy subjects were selected as Control group. The lipid profile and total serum lipid peroxides (malondialdehyde) of study and control groups were assessed & compared. It was found that in the control group mean values of total cholesterol was 180.21 ± 18.13 mg % whereas it was 229.21± 23.58 in study group, which was significantly higher in study group. Likewise, mean Serum Triglycerides and Serum Lipid Peroxides (MDA) of study group were also found significantly (p<0.001) higher that of control group (228.14 v/s 99.9 and 410.22 v/s 180.96 respectively). It was also revealed in this study that mean Serum HDL-Cholesterol was found significantly lower in study group whereas LDL-Cholesterol (28.72 v/s 53.83) and VLDL-Cholesterol were found significantly higher in study group that control group (150.61 v/s 106.60 and 46.30 v/s 19.8). So it can be concluded that AMI patients with NIDDM have higher Total Serum Cholesterol, Serum Triglycerides, Serum Lipid Peroxides (MDA), LDL- Cholesterol and VLDL- Cholesterol with lower HDL- Cholesterol.
Abstract—To strengthen the surveillance system in India, Integrated Disease Surveillance Program (IDSP) was launched in 2004. The frequent occurrence of epidemics even after the launching of the IDSP was an indication toward inadequacy of the system. The aim of the this study was to find out the IDSP disease pattern and load on a tertiary hospital. It was cross-sectional study carried out in hospitals attached to SMS medical College, Jaipur (Rajasthan) India. Weekly report of IDSP in 'P' Form was collected from SMS Medical College, Hospitals. Data related to IDSP diseases were gathered from these reports. These reports were analysed in percentage and proportion. It was observed in this study that among IDSP diseases most common was fever of unknown origin accounting total 93 (23.97%) cases followed by Acute Diarrheal including Ac. Gastroenteritis, Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) Influenza like illness (ILI), Pneumonia, Malaria, Viral hepatitis etc. Distribution of various IDSP diseases were with significant variation in pediatric and adult population. Among pediatric population ADD was most common whereas in adult population ARIs were most common. Even after launching of more than a decade, a sizable burden of IDSP diseases is there at tertiary level hospital, who could be treated at peripheral health institutes like Sub centre and Primary health centre. So there is a strong need for IDSP disease and its toll free no awareness.
Abstract—Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome (KTW) is a rare, sporadic syndrome characterized by a triad of port-wine stain, varicose veins with or without venous malformations, and bony and soft tissue hypertrophy. It usually affects only one extremity, organ involvement is uncommon. A case of 17-year-old boy with this syndrome having solid viscous organ involvement was observed at surgery Outdoor. This case is rare so it was reported. Splenic lymphangiomatosis is also observed in this KTW syndrome case as association of AVM and lymphangioma together in spleen is rarest which was observed in this case. So it is a very rare case.
Abstract— Alcohol is a psychoactive substance that their consumption can cause some damage to the body, mainly in the central nervous system, also it is possible observed changes in the social behavior of the individual when ingested in large amounts.
In addition, a placebo effect is based on the total of similar beneficial effects to health regarding physiological - psychological active substance. With regard to this issue, have been conducted to observe the behavior of volunteers where it is used a psychoactive substance such as coffe, marijuana or drugs in some volunteer groups compared to a group that ingested a placebo (inert substance).
In this study, it was observed the behavior of two groups of young volunteers aged college to which were given drinks alcoholics beverages and drinks with placebo (group A and B, respectively), where alcoholics beverages and placebo were smell similar and taste.
Previously it determined that these volunteers had no alcohol dependence. Also before giving the drinks, their levels of anxiety and depression were assessed by means of psychological testing; volunteers also underwent neurocognitive testing, neuromotor before and it then give them drinks with alcohol or placebo.
We observed in this study that the placebo effect was can be as strong as if it had ingested the psychoactive substance, In like manner, we perceived that mood at the studie moment have a significantly influence, because the psychoactive substance effect or stimulating feeling are improved even when they to believe has been drinking alcohol
Abstract: Geriatric population is increasing as life expectancy is increasing. This population is susceptible for many health problems which have a significant impact on their quality of life. So this cross-sectional study was carried out from September 2009 to August 2010 on 1620 elderly residing in Municipal corporation area of Jaipur city with the aim to study the heart diseases and its associated factors in geriatric population. Mean age of elderly was 66.08 years with slight female predominance i.e. 1048 females for 1000 males in Jaipur city. Only 285 (17.59%) elderly who were not having and type of morbidity otherwise a sizable count i.e. 573 (35.36%) were having even 4 or more type of co morbidity. Out of total 1620 elderly 544 (33.58%) were having Hypertension and 88 (5.43%) of elderly were having other heart diseases. It was found that all other heart diseases were having hypertension. Obesity was maximal co-morbidly with heart disease followed by Diabetes. Heart diseases were found significantly more in males. Likewise it was also observed that elderly who were doing exercise were having significantly less heart diseases. Hypertension was observed significantly more in elderly who were smoking followed by elderly who were taking alcohol and chewing tobacco. But proportion of heart diseases (other than hypertension) found significantly more in elderly who were taking alcohol than who were smoking.
Abstract— Dental diseases are health problem of developing countries mainly because of the fact that in developing countries these diseases are given less importance. People also not much bothered about children's personal hygiene and dental diseases until it leads to toothache and disability. And at this time it may lead to complication and expensive treatment. So a community based study was conducted in rural area of Jaipur district to find out the association between dental diseases and personal hygiene. From schools of Amer tahsil of Jaipur district 1600 students were examined for dental diseases and interrogated and observed for personal hygiene. Association of personal hygiene with dental diseases like Dental Carries, Dental Fluorosis, Malocclusion and Periodontitis was found out with chi-square test. It was revealed that Dental diseases like Dental Carries, Dental Fluorosis, Malocclusion and peridontitis all are associated with personal hygiene. Dental carries increases as the personal hygiene worsen and likewise same was observed with Malocclusion but Dental Fluorosis was observed in inverse direction mean as the personal hygiene improves the chances to have Dental Fluorosis increases. Periodontal it was found significantly more when personal hygiene of child is either poor or good, when it is fair chances of having Periodontal diseases were significantly less.
Abstract— Bronchial Asthma is a public health problem in childhood. Allergic Rhinitis (AR) is a very common co-morbidity with Bronchial Asthma. So this study was conducted on 250 Primary School Children to find prevalence of Bronchial asthma and Allergic Rhinitis and their association. It was observed from this study that 17.2% of children were having Bronchial asthma and 20.4% were found to have allergic Rhinitis. Co morbidity of Bronchial Asthma with Allergic Rhinitis was observed in 11.6 % of these cases. It was also observed that Bronchial Asthma was observed significantly more in males than females and children of walled city than outer city. So it was concluded form this study that chances of occurring Allergic Rhinitis is significantly more with Bronchial Asthma than the chances of Bronchial Asthma with Allergic Rhinitis
Abstract—In the case of neurological disorders, patient autonomy is a fundamental principle which must be taken into consideration. In the case of this pathology, fluctuating mental deterioration is encountered most frequently in the case of mild forms of dementia. In the case of severe forms of dementia, the patient loses any autonomy and requires permanent medical care, as well as a permanent legal representative.
Aim of this study was to know autonomy of the patients with certain neurological disorders about ability of making decisions for their medical care.
Material and method: It is a quantitative retrospective observational study and data for which is gathered from the observation charts of 323 patients attended in either emergency or outpatient, between April to December 2006, in “Prof. Dr. Nicolae Oblu” Clinical Hospital of Emergency, Iasi, Romania. Study subjects were split into 2 groups: Group 1 (with a number of 215 cases) – a group of patients with the diagnostics of acute cerebrovascular accident, aphasia and dementia. Group 2 (with a number of 108 cases) – patients known or recently diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis and myasthenia gravis. Consent informed given by patient in the observation charts of above two groups was observed and number of patients who has given consent was compared in both the groups.
Results: On the cases under study, only for 13.6% of the patients of the first group there is consent informed in the observation chart, while for the patients in the second group this percentage was slightly smaller (9.3%).
Conclusions: As very few patients have given written informed consent and more sever the neurological disorder less the chances to have written informed consent by patients. So it can be concluded that medical performance brings indisputable benefits, however it should be done by a careful selection of the subjects and by following ethical principles.
Abstract— Occupational exposure to formaldehyde (FA) has been related to adverse outcomes. However, a short period of exposure has never been assessed in terms of evaluating DNA. This study conducted on 39 medical students exposed to FA in a university laboratory of human anatomy and aimed to analyze the relationship between FA exposure and DNA damage. The buccal micronucleus cytome assay (BMCyt) was used to evaluate the students at four time points: before FA exposure, after four months of FA exposure, after eight months of FA exposure and after three months without FA exposure (remission period). Pyknotic cells, karyolitic cells, karyorrhetic cells, condensed chromatin, binucleated cells, basal cells differentiated cells, micronucleated cells and nuclear bridges were enumerated. This study shows that FA exposure caused genomic instability in all periods and the remission period was not sufficient to reverse all damage. Thus, prolonged occupational exposure to FA not only causes DNA damage but a shorter exposure period can have the same effect.
Abstract—Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways that affects people of all ages. It may manifest as severe attacks, which can require urgent health care. It causes limitations in daily activities, loss of school and work days, lung function impairment, reduced quality of life, and an adverse socioeconomic burden. There is no cure of asthma, once it is diagnosed it can be managed by a good treatment plan, so that patient can live a better quality of life with the disease. This present study was planned to compare the effect of traditional treatment alone and in combination with Root Heal Therapy on asthma cases. A Quincy experiment was conducted on 60 patients of Asthma, who were taking treatment from a physician working in Jaipuriya Hospital, Jaipur. Out of these 60 asthama patients who were receiving traditional treatment, 30 patients were given this RHT along with traditional treatment. Baseline status of asthma and Asthma Quality of life Questionnaire (AQLQ) was assessed. These cases were followed for 18 months, again they were assessed as per AQLQ. Changes in status of asthma in both the group over this period were compared with Chi-square test and Unpaired 't' test. It was found that significantly more cases were benefited with this RHT in the form of number of spells of asthma, duration of illness due to asthma, mean days of activity loss and proportion of cases needed hospitalization during last one year. Pulmonary Function test were also better in experimental group than control group. Although mean number of eosinofills decrease was also found higher in experimental group but it was not found significant. It is concluded that Quality of life of these asthma cases were significantly improved on physical, emotional, social and occupational domains of life in cases with RHT than the cases only on traditional treatment.
Association of Dental Diseases with Oral Hygiene in School Children of Rural Rajasthan, India-Oral diseases are health problem of industrialize well as developing countries because of its high prevalence. In developing countries these diseases are given less impotance because of scarcity of resources but when these dental diseases remain untreated it can cause permanent toothache and disability. It can increase school attendance and intern lead to complication and expensive treatment. A community based study was conducted in rural area of Jaipur district to find out the association of dental diseases with oral hygiene. From schools of Amer tahsil of Jaipur district 1600 students were examined for dental diseases and interrogated for oral hygiene. Association of oral hygiene with dental diseases like Dental Carries, Dental Fluorosis, Malocclusion and Periodontitis was found out with chi-square test. It was revealed that Dental diseases like Dental Carries, Dental Fluorosis, Malocclusion and peridontitis all are associated with oral hygiene. Mouth rinsing frequency and teeth cleaning frequency is inversely proportion in Dental Carries but is directly proportional in Dental Fluorosis, Malocclusion and Periodontitis
Abstract— Anemia in pregnancy is commonly considered as risk factor for poor pregnancy outcome and can threaten the maternal and fetal life also. So this present cases control study was carried at R. K. Joshi District Hospital Dausa (Rajasthan) India, with the aim to find out the effect of anemia in Antenatal period on pregnancy outcomes. For this study, 50 Antenatal Cases (ANCs) with anemia were selected as study group among ANCs attending for delivery in district hospital Dausa. For control group age and BMI matched 50 normal healthy ANCs without anemia were selected from the same area. ANCs with any other diseases were excluded from the study. It was found in this study that although proportion of ANCs with LSCS, PPH and Sepsis were higher in anemic ANCs but it was not found significant. Likewise IUGR, LBW babies, premature births and still births were more in anemic ANCs but it was found significant only in case of LBW babies. So it can be concluded that anemia in ANCs effect weight of newborn babies born by ANC with anemia.
A New Socio-economic Status Scale: urgent Need of Hour-Almost all community- based studies focus on socio-economic stratification, which is the key parameter for proper understanding the affordability of the community of health services. But nowadays in the era of changing social prestige parameters with debt from financing agencies should be considered in scaling socio-economic condition. So there is an urgent need to have socio-economic scaling reinvent considering new areas of socio-economic status. Present study was aimed to compare the different socio-economic status scales prevalent with Gaur’s socio-economic scale. Variables of 240 Antenatal cases were recorded along with the variables as per B.G. Prasad’s, Kupuswami’s and Gaur’s SES classification. Proportion of cases falling in various category of SES status as per all these SES Scaling was assessed and compared. It was found that as per B.G. Prasad SES classification there was 79.58% in class I, which is unbelievable. Whereas as per Gaur’s SES scaling there were 0.83% in Class I which is quite reasonable. Likewise, as per Kuppuswami SES Scale there were 46.67% in Class I, which is also not appropriate for ANCs attending at Government setting. Proportion of ANCs in various Classes as per B.G. Prasad SES and Kuppuswami SES Scale with Gaur’s SES scale was with significant (P<0.001) difference. Socio-economic scaling need to consider other variable like Housing Condition, Living Status, Percentage of Income Expenditure and Debt to asset Ratio (as in Gaur’s SES Scaling) along with Income, Education and Occupation.
Abstract—Periodontal disease is a destructive inflammatory disease inducing profound changes in the plasma concentrations of cytokines leading to a catabolic state characterized by altered lipid metabolism and hypertriglyceridemia. This study was conducted with the aim find out association of chronic periodontitis with serum lipid parameters. Study group consist of 30 cases of chronic periodontitis (case group) and control group consist of 30 healthy individuals. Age range was kept 25-60 years to avoid extreme ages. Periodontal parameters including Plaque Index, Gingival Index, Probing Depth and Clinical Attachment Level were recorded. Lipid profile comprising of total cholesterol, Triglycerides, HDL- Cholesterol and LDL was assessed and co related with periodontal parameters. This study confirms significantly higher levels of mean cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL in periodontitis group as compared to healthy group. Also, there is significant negative co relation of HDL with probing depth and clinical attachment loss. Association of hyperlipidemia and chronic periodontitis is evident in developed state of disease. With this study, this relation is confirmed based on Factor and Outcome.
Abstract—Scarring is a well recognized sequel of acne. Because of the prevalence of acne scarring and strong negative emotions it engendering affected patients, several approaches have been developed for its treatment with varying success rates. Glycolic acid 50% peels and Salicylic acid 30% Peels are classified as superficial peel and are consider safe in Indian patients. While chemical peels are widely being used in India for various indications. There is a paucity of published studies on the efficacy of chemical peel specifically for acne scars in Indian patients.
Purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the effectively of these two agents in the treatment of acne scars. Eighty cooperative patients[≥18 years age]with predominantly moderately atrophic acne scarring were randomly divided into 2groups of 40each.Patients of group A received Glycolic acid peels and patients in group B, Salicylic acid was used at 3weeks interval for four sessions. Objective evaluations of treatment response. Subjective assessments of treatment response were also done separately by the researcher, an independent observer and the patients separately.
Both of agents led to significant reduction in the total acne scar score[p< 0.05]but no significant difference was noted between the two peels. Side effects were lesser with Salicylic acid peel.
Hence conclusion was drawn that both 50% Glycolic acid and 30% Salicylic acid peels are safe in Indian skin and equally effective in the treatment of mild to moderate acne scarring.
Correlation between Demographic, Socio-economic, and Cancer-Specific Factors with Quality of Life Scores among Newly-Diagnosed Cancer Patients of the Medical Oncology Clinics of the Philippine General Hospital Cancer Institute
https://www.actamedicaphilippina.org/issue/1102
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
All manuscripts are subject to rapid peer review. Those of high quality (not previously published and not under consideration for publication in another journal) will be published without delay.
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
All manuscripts are subject to rapid peer review. Those of high quality (not previously published and not under consideration for publication in another journal) will be published without delay.
Abstract—Diabetes is a disease which is on continuous increase specialy in country like India. It involve is a multisystem so intend to affect quality of life of patients. So this study was conducted on 250 Diabetes Mellitus patients to observe their quality of life on various domains viz Physical, Mental, Social and environmental through WHOQOL-Bref questionnaire. It was found that 54.4% were unable to level their quality of life, they say neither good nor bad. But 23.2% were feeling bad and 22.4 % were feeling good about their quality of life. Whereas regarding patient's satisfaction about their health 39.2% were unable to level their quality of life and 35.6% were dissatisfied and 25.2 % were satisfied with their health. Significantly more cases were unable to understand about their quality of life than their satisfaction to their health. It was also found that Physical quality of life was affected most followed by environmental, psychological and social dimension of quality of life.
Factors that affect the Quality of Life of Patients with Behcet's DiseaseMinistry of Health
Objective: To assess the quality of life in patients with Behçet's disease, and to address the factors impact the domains of Quality of Life.
Methods: We surveyed101 patients with Behcet's disease no less than 3 months before the study. Data were collected using Short Form 36 Quality of life Scale. Results: The quality of life scores in patients with Behçet's disease were low and were adversely influenced by socio-demographic characteristics such as gender, age, work status and education status. Furthermore, disease manifestations such as oral and genital ulcerations, arthritis, and skin lesions affected the quality of life scores. Moreover, patients who experienced pain, poor sleep and fatigue lower the quality of life scale and patients whose social relations were influenced by the disease had significantly lower the quality of life scores. Conclusion: Patients with Behcet's disease reported a low level of quality of life.
Keywords: Behcet's disease, Factors affecting, Quality of life, Jordan.
A 2 year multidomain intervention of diet, exercise, cognitive training, and ...Nutricia
A 2 year multidomain intervention of diet, exercise, cognitive training, and vascular risk monitoring versus control to prevent cognitive decline in at-risk elderly people (FINGER): a randomised controlled trial
1 JNMS 2015; 2(4)The effect of roys adaptation model and q.docxdurantheseldine
1 JNMS 2015; 2(4)
The effect of roys adaptation model and quality of life of diabetic patient
Effects of roy’s adaptation model in nursing practice on the quality of life in
patients with type II diabetes
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Diabetes has adverse effects on the quality of life of patients. Roy’s adaptation model could be used to
enhance quality of life among diabetic patients. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Roy’s adaptation model in nursing practice
on the quality of life in patients with type II diabetes.
Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 60 diabetic patients randomly divided into two groups of experiment and
control (N=30) at Hamadan Diabetes Research Center. Data were collected using Diabetes-Specific Quality of Life Scale (D-39) in
five dimensions, which was completed before and after intervention in both groups. Educational care programs were executed based
on Roy’s adaptation model only for experimental subjects in five sessions during one month. Data analysis was performed using
independent and paired t-test in SPSS.
Results: At the beginning of the study, both groups were matched in terms of demographic characteristics and quality of life dimensions
(P>0.05). Comparison of mean scores of quality of life areas between the two groups before and after intervention was indicative of
a significant difference in the aspects of diabetes control, energy and mobility and social support (P<001). However, there was no
significant difference in the dimensions of stress, anxiety and sexual activity (P>0.05).
Conclusion: According to the results of this study, use of Roy’s adaptation model has positive effects on some dimensions of quality
of life in patients with type 2 diabetes; these domains were diabetes control, energy and mobility, and social support. However, further
studies with longer durations are required as to investigate the efficacy of this model in the areas of anxiety and sexual activity.
Keywords: Adaptation, Diabetes, Nursing theory, Quality of Life
Sayed Reza Borzou1, Safura Khan Mohammadi2, Gholam Hossein Falahinia3*, Saeed Mousavi4, Zahra Khalili5
(Received: 21 Jan 2014; Accepted: 20 Jul 2015)
Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Sciences 2015; 2(4):1-7 http://jnms.mazums.ac.ir
1 Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, Chronic Disease Home Care Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
2 Medical-Surgical Nursing, Nursing and Midwifery Faculty, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
3,* Corresponding author: Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, Chronic Disease Home Care Research Center, Hamadan University of
Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. Email: [email protected]
4 Department of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
5 Nursing and Midwifery Faculty, Chronic Disease Home Care Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
Original article
Intr.
Association of Anxiety and Depression with Glaucoma-Glaucoma is the third largest cause of blindness worldwide after cataract and trachoma. Along with burden of blindness it also has psychological impact. So this study was designed to find out association of Insomnia, Anxiety and depression with Glaucoma. A case-series type of observational study was carried out on 100 glaucoma cases attended at ESIC Model Hospital, Jaipur (Raj). For assessment of anxiety and depression the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and for insomnia modified Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, Fourth edition (DSM-IV) criteria was used. Data collected were analysed and inferred with chi-square test. It was found in this study that Insomnia is associated with Age, Visual acuity in both the eyes and severity of glaucoma in glaucoma cases, with severity of glaucoma it was observed highly significant. Anxiety is associated with Age, Pupilary reaction, Visual acuity in both the eyes and severity of glaucoma in glaucoma cases, with age and severity of glaucoma it was observed highly significant. Depression is not associated with any of supra-said factors in glaucoma cases
The role of emotional factors in glaucoma has received wide recognition by investigators and clinicians from the very beginning. Prevalence of depression in glaucoma has been estimated to be 10 to 12 percent in previous studies. Insomnia is another psychiatric co-morbidity reported with glaucoma. Both depression and insomnia in glaucoma patients may significantly affect overall quality of life in these patients adversely. The present study explores the predictive factors of insomnia and depression in patients with Glaucoma. A case-series type of observational study was carried out on 100 glaucoma cases attended at ESIC Model Hospital, Jaipur (Rajasthan) India. The PHQ -9 and ISI were used to assess depression and insomnia respectively. Data in details were collected as per pre-designed Performa. Data collected were analyzed and inferred with chi-square test. Insomnia and depression was found in 37% and 36% respectively in glaucoma cases. Insomnia and depression both were found associated with Age, Visual acuity in both the eyes and severity of glaucoma. No other studied socio-demographic and disease variables had significant association with either insomnia or depression. It was concluded that insomnia and depression are commonly found with glaucoma. Both insomnia and depression were found significantly more in older agr group, less visual acuity and sever glaucoma than their counterparts.
Body mass-index-quality-of-life-and-migraine-in-studentsAnnex Publishers
Migraine is reported globally with a higher prevalence in students. The present study aims to evaluate the association between nutritional status, quality of life (QL) and characteristics of migraine.
A cross-sectional study. Headache characteristics, level of disability caused by migraine crises (Pediatric Migraine Disability Assessment - PedMIDAS) and QL (Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory- PedsQL) were assessed. Anthropometric variables were also measured.
Data were collected from 98 students with a mean age of 11.2 ± 1.7 years. Migraine had the highest prevalence (54.8%). The average Body Mass Index (BMI) of the total sample was 20.0 ± 3.8 kg/m2, and among students with migraine and students with tension headache, the average BMIs were 20.4 ± 4.0 and 19.5 ± 3.4 kg/m2, respectively (p = 0.264, Student's t-test). Around 47.5% from migraineurs were overweight or obese. Regarding QL, the average total score in students with migraine was 74.4 ± 12.4, with no differences observed among normal weight, overweight or obese students, and no correlation between the scores of the PedsQL and BMI (r = -0.182, p = 0.165, Pearson correlation coefficient) was observed. There was a high percentage of overweight students with migraine. Analyses show no associations between the nutritional status, frequency, severity, disability caused by crises, or QL.
Crimson Publishers: The Impact of Chronic Diseases on Patients and Their Fami...CrimsonGastroenterology
The Impact of Chronic Diseases on Patients and Their Families: Case of Ulceratice Colitis and Crohn’s Disease by Maria Tsoukka in Gastroenterology Medicine & Research: Bowel Disease
Background: The purpose of the study is to identify the potential psychological effects of ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease on patients and their family environment.Aim: The objective aims of this current research are to identify the causal factors creating psychological problems among patients and their family members, exploring ways to eliminate them and create a general picture for their psychological condition in relation to the diseases at a Pancyprian level.Methods: The Greek translation of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Greek translation of the Health Survey (SF-12) will be used for evaluating the psychological effects of ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease on patients and their families. In addition, the Greek translation of the inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire will be used only on the patients. The questionnaires will be handed out to the patients and their attendants in Gastroenterology dispensaries all over Cyprus. Conclusion: In the context of improving health care quality, it was indicated that multifaceted interventions are more effective than simpler interventions and that the insistence on change requires a multi-layered approach. A major focus of health policy is the effective management of long term diseases both for reducing the burden on patients and professionals as well as of the health services also. Studying the Group of patients with IBD could be an important example of study as the patients themselves are chronic patients with 20 years being the peak age onset of the diseases and life expectancy of healthy individuals.
Austin Aging Research is an open access, peer reviewed, scholarly journal dedicated to publish articles covering all areas of Aging Research.
The journal aims to promote research communications and provide a forum for doctors, researchers, physicians and healthcare professionals to find most recent advances in all areas of Aging Research. Austin Aging Research accepts original research articles, reviews, mini reviews, case reports and rapid communication covering all aspects of Aging Research.
Austin Aging Research strongly supports the scientific up gradation and fortification in related scientific research community by enhancing access to peer reviewed scientific literary works. Austin Publishing Group brings universally peer reviewed journals under one roof thereby promoting knowledge sharing, mutual promotion of multidisciplinary science.
Background: Diabetes affects millions of people each year, it is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide.
Periodontal disease has recently been recognized as the “sixth complication” of diabetes mellitus, the relationship between diabetes and periodontal disease is actually bi-directional. Generally, poor oral hygiene, a long history of diabetes, greater age, and poor metabolic control are associated with more severe periodontal disease. Method: The study is an analytical cross-sectional study, 406 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus selected through systematic random sampling from 5 UNRWA health centers. The World Health Organization’s basic methods tools were used to collect data and assess oral health.
1. International Multispecialty Journal of Health (IMJH) [Vol-1, Issue-4, June-2015]
Page | 17
Quality of Life of Glaucoma Patients with its Socio-demographic
and Clinical Associates
Dr. Akhilesh Jain1
, Dr. Rekha Sharma 2
, Dr. Rajeev Yadav3
and Dr. Kusum Lata Gaur 4
1
Head of Department of Opthalmology, ESI Hospital, Jaipur (Rajasthan) India
2
Medical Offisor, Department of Opthalmology, ESI Hospital, Jaipur (Rajasthan) India
3
Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine, SMS Medical College, Jaipur (Rajasthan) India
4
Professor, Department of Community Medicine, SMS Medical College, Jaipur (Rajasthan) India
Abstract— Medical Glaucoma is a major cause of blindness. It affect quality of life of patients. So the
present study was carried out in ESI Hopital, Jaipur with the aim to assess quality of life of glaucoma
patients as per WHOQOL-Bref. Along with assessment of quality of life of patients various socio-
demographic and clinical associates of this quality of life was also found. It was observed that quality of
life of glaucoma patients was lowered in all four domains i.e. Physical, Mental, Social and
Environmental. Among socio-demographic variables, quality of life was not found to be associated with
sex and marital status but it was found more poorer in elder age groups and low socio-economic status.
Among clinical variables its quality of life of glaucoma patients was not found to be associated with
papillary reaction, Anterior chamber depth (ACD), type of glaucoma and duration of glaucoma but it
was found more poorer in glaucoma patients with pain, congestion and defective visual equity. Quality
of life was significantly lowered in sever glaucoma. Glaucoma patients should be educated to realize the
severity of the disease and importance of the adherence to daily treatment.
Key words: Glaucoma, Quality of Life, WHOQOL-Bref
1. Introduction
Glaucoma is the third largest cause of blindness worldwide. Despite advances in therapy the global
burden of glaucoma remains high. In 2010 an estimated 60.5 million people suffered from glaucoma and
as per estimates by 2020 this will reach 79.6 million, of whom 11.2 million will be bilaterally blind.1
Glaucoma affect the quality of life (QoL) of patients. Using generic QOL assessments, glaucoma
was found to have an adverse impact on QoL as other systemic chronic diseases like osteoporosis,
diabetes, or dementia. 2
Quality-of life assessment in glaucoma patients is as important as the clinical parameters as it is
an indicator of whether the disease is advancing. 3,4,5
It can aid the clinician and patient to make difficult
clinical decisions, and can guide choices to individualize therapy. 6,7
So, a comprehensive assessment of
QoL has become important in clinical research of glaucoma also.
Recently the US Food and Drug Administration has endorsed that QoL assessment be included
in all clinical trials evaluating disease impact and treatment assessment in glaucoma.8
Keeping in view
the wide recognition of QoL in glaucoma patients like any other chronic disease and its impact on
clinical decisions and clinician perspective, this present study was planned to assess the quality of life
and to found its socio-demographic and clinical correlates in glaucoma patients.
2. Methodology
After taking approval from Institutional Ethics committee, this observational study was carried out as
joint venture of Department of Psychiatry and Department of Ophthalmology in a multi-specialty
2. International Multispecialty Journal of Health (IMJH) [Vol-1, Issue-4, June-2015]
Page | 18
referral centre from January 2013 to June 2013. This hospital caters population belonging to defined
income group from each corner of the province and neighbouring state as well.
Study sample comprised of 100 Patients with glaucoma. Patients were recruited from both
outpatient department in glaucoma clinic and the ward. Equal number of healthy controls was also
enrolled from attendants of patients to make a comparison group. Utmost care was taken to ensure the
homogeneity of the sample population by recruiting the close relatives or friends of the patients as
control group. Ethical committee approval was obtained and the nature and purpose of the study was
explained to all the participants before obtaining their consent prior to their inclusion in study sample.
Patients 18 years or above of either sex with a glaucoma diagnosis more than 6 months prior to
enrolment were included in the study group. Glaucoma was diagnosed based on glaucomatous disc
cupping and reproducible visual field damage in one or both eyes. Patients with primary open-angle
glaucoma (POAG) including normal tension glaucoma (NTG), primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG)
and secondary glaucoma (SG) comprising exfoliation syndrome, pigmentry glaucoma, lens induced
glaucoma uveitis, complication of vitreo- retinal surgery and traumatic eye surgery were included in this
study.
Exclusion criteria to exclude the patients from this study were: (1)Present or past history of
major psychiatric illness, Insomnia or substance use disorders that could affect quality of life (2)
inability to speak, read and understand Hindi; (3) laser treatment within the previous one month; (4)
disability in visual field testing due to causes other than glaucoma(e.g. cognitive impairment);(5) other
severe vision-impaired eye diseases (e.g. cataracts (Lens Opacities Classification System III grade 2 or
more and age-related macular degeneration).
All the sample subjects including glaucoma patients and controls were interrogated to have
information regarding age, gender, income, family history of glaucoma, educational level, and duration
of illness etc.
Quality of life of all the study population including patients and controls were assessed by
WHOQOL- Bref. QOL scores for different four domains viz. Physical, Mental, Social and
Environmental domains were assessed.
WHOQOL-BREF, was developed by the World Health Organization Quality of Life Group, in
15 international field centers 9
. It is a self-report questionnaire that contains 26 items. Among the 26
items, 24 of them make up the 4 domains of physical (7 items), psychological (6 items), social (3 items)
and environment (8 items) health. Other 2 items measure overall quality of life and general health. In
this study Hindi version10
was used. The scale has been shown to have good discriminate validity, sound
content validity and good test-retest reliability at several international WHOQOL centers.
Glaucoma patients underwent comprehensive ophthalmic examination for presentation
symptoms like pain, congestion, anterior chamber depth by slit lamp examination, visual acuity by
refraction unit and detailed fundus examination for glaucomatous cupping. Cup disc ratio and automated
static perimetry (Humphrey visual field analyzer 30-2 was used to detect peripheral visual field defects)
of each patient was assessed. Gonioscopy was also done to find out status of angle, weather open or
closed. Patients were categorized as mild, moderate and severe depending on the results of status of
cup and fields.
Data thus collected was compiled in MS Excel 2007 worksheet in the form of master chart. To
determine the significance of difference of means unpaired ‘t’ test and one way analysis of variance
3. International Multispecialty Journal of Health (IMJH) [Vol-1, Issue-4, June-2015]
Page | 19
(ANOVA) was applied with the help of Statistical Software Primer (version 6). For significance P
value 0.05 or less was considered significant.
3. Results
Total 100 patients of glaucoma consisting 75 % of OAG and 25 % ACG along with equal number of
age and sex matched healthy control constituted the study sample. Mean age of patients was 55.5 years
with age range 18 to 82 years.
Significant difference (p<0.001)was observed between cases and controls in respect of all the
four domains viz physical (48.57 v/s 65.47 mean scores with P<0.001), psychological (49.70 v/s 69.23
mean scores with P<0.001), social (47.41 v/s 71.42 mean scores with P<0.001) and environmental
(47.55 v/s 68.09 mean scores with P<0.001).Glaucoma patients had significantly lower QoL in all the
four domains than the control group. (Table 1)
Table No. 1
Comparison of QoL in Glaucoma patients and Controls
S. No. Domains Glaucoma (N=100)
Mean ± SD
Control Group (N=100)
Mean ± SD
Unpaired ‘t’ test, P Value, LS
1 Physical (D1) 48.57 ±65.47 65.47 ±20.6 5.9 at 198 DF, P<0.001 S
2 Psychological (D2) 49.70 ±69.23 69.23 ±19.52 7.3 at 198 DF, P<0.001 S
3 Social (D3) 47.41 ±71.42 71.42 ±21.8 7.5 at 198 DF, P<0.001 S
4 Environmental (D4) 47.55 ±68.09 68.09 ±18.84 7.9 at 198 DF, P<0.001 S
When association of socio demographic variables with QoL was observed, it was revealed that
lower income group had significantly poor QoL in all the four domains. Similarly middle age group
patients reported significantly low scores in physical, psychological and environmental domains. (Table
2) Table No. 2
Association of Socio-demographic variables with QoL in Glaucoma patients
S.
No.
Socio-
demographic
Variables
Number
of
Patients
Physical (D1 )
Mean ± SD
Psychological (D2)
Mean ± SD
Social (D3)
Mean ± SD
Environmental (D4)
Mean ± SD
1. Sex
Males 50 50.24±19.78 52.06±18.52 49.84±22.83 48.96±22.83
Females 50 48.46±17.76 48.72±16.48 58.66±73.32 47.1±17.35
Unpaired ‘t’ test P value & LS P>0.05 N S P>0.05 N S P>0.05 N S P>0.05 N S
2 Age Groups
4. International Multispecialty Journal of Health (IMJH) [Vol-1, Issue-4, June-2015]
Page | 20
<30 yrs 7 64±19.97 65±19.81 65.57±25.28 58.43±19.6
31-50 yrs 38 55.47±19.19 56.21±18.05 54.18±23.43 52.94±17.99
50-70 yrs 50 45.3±11.97 44.18±14.1 41.54±19.7 43±16.02
>70 yrs 5 60.6±15.45 57.4±6.98 60.4±17.51 53.6±3.28
*ANOVA test P value & LS P=0.002 S P<0.001 S P>0.05 N S P=0.015 S
3 Marital Status
Married 95 48.09±18.59 49.17±17.61 46.81±22.88 47.16±17.59
Unmarried 5 57.6±31.53 59.8±21.44 58.8±30.41 55±21.34
Unpaired ‘t’ test P value & LS P>0.05 N S P>0.05 N S P>0.05 N S P>0.05 N S
4 Income Gp
<5000 59 44.12±18.17 44.92±16.05 41.53±22.62 43.58±17.58
5000-10,000 34 56.09±18.04 55.68±18.96 56.26±22.52 52.74±17.18
10000-15000 3 79.33±25.4 71.67±14.29 73±25.24 65.67±17.16
>15000 4 45.5±16.25 60±16.25 56±20.85 53.25±14.77
*ANOVA test P value & LS P<0.001 S P=0.003 S P=0.005 S P=0.024 S
*Post Hoc Tukey Test (P<0.05 i.e. Significance Difference in Means of various Age Groups)
Physical(D1) Means Psychological (D2) Mean Social (D3)Mean Environmental (D4) Mean
<30 v/s 50-70
31-50 v/s 50-70
50-70 v/s > 70
<30 v/s 50-70
31-50 v/s 50-70
50-70 v/s > 70
- <30 v/s 50-70
31-50 v/s 50-70
50-70 v/s > 70
*Post Hoc Tukey Test (P<0.05 i.e. Significance Difference in Means of various Income Groups)
Physical(D1) Means Psychological (D2) Mean Social (D3)Mean Environmental (D4) Mean
<5000 v/s 5000-10,000
<5000 v/s 10,000-15000
<5000 v/s 5000-10,000
<5000 v/s 10,000-15000
<5000 v/s 5000-10,000 <5000 v/s 5000-10,000
<5000 v/s 10,000-15000
Likewise when association of clinical variables with QoL was observed, it was revealed that pain ,
congestion and diminished visual acuity in both right were significantly associated with poor QoL in all
domains. Glaucoma patients also reported statistically poor scores (p<0.05) in physical and social
domains with positive pupillary reaction and shallow anterior chamber depth. (Table 3)
Table No. 3
5. International Multispecialty Journal of Health (IMJH) [Vol-1, Issue-4, June-2015]
Page | 21
Association of Clinical Variables with QoL in Glaucoma patients
S.
No.
Clinical
Variables
No. Of
Patients
Physical Mean
± SD ((D1
Psychological
(D2)Mean ±
SD
Social (D3)Mean
± SD
Environmental (D4)
Mean ± SD
1. Pain
Yes 34 42.65±18.46 43.41±17.11 40.14±19.42 42.47±15.98
No 66 51.53±19.18 52.76±17.5 51.06±24.3 50.06±18.12
Unpaired ‘t’ test P value & LS P=0.029 S P=0.012 S P=0.028 S P=0.040 S
2 Congestion
Yes 23 42.57±17.52 42.39±18.41 40.22±21.5 41.55±19.55
No 77 52.51±18.48 52.36±16.92 50.94±22.75 50.55±16.67
Unpaired ‘t’ test P value & LS P=0.024 S P=0.017 S P=0.047 S P=0.032 S
3 Pupilary Reaction
Yes 53 47.26±13.32 48.39±12.84 43.61±20.1 46.24±13.67
No 47 56.09±18.78 54.3±19.59 55.57±22.63 51.02±19.31
Unpaired ‘t’ test P value & LS P=0.007 S P>0.05 N S P=0.006 S P>0.05 N S
4 Anterior Chamber Depth
Normal 72 53.31±17.96 52.57±18.22 52.93±22.72 50.18±18.16
Shallow 28 45.93±12.22 46.5±13.57 38.79±19.34 43.79±14.59
Unpaired ‘t’ test P value & LS P=0.048 S P>0.05 NS P=0.005 S P>0.05 NS
5 Visual Acuity Right Eye
>6/60 63 54.05±19.18 55.11±16.37 54.25±22.24 52.75±16.29
6/60 or less 37 40.54±16 42.19±16.95 38.19±21.1 40.08±17.28
Unpaired ‘t’ test P value & LS P<0.001 S P<0.001 S P<0.001 S P<0.001 S
6 Visual Acuity left Eye
>6/60 72 52.49±18.75 52.94±17.53 51.94±22.43 50.79±17.09
6/60 or less 28 43.43±15.53 44.14±16.36 40.18±22 41.14±17.6
Unpaired ‘t’ test P value & LS P=0.025 S P=0.024 S P=0.020 S P=0.014 S
Glaucoma characteristics were also analyzed with QoL. Although type of glaucoma and duration of
illness was found to be associated with QoL but psychological domain scores were significantly lower
in CAG than OAG. Severity of glaucoma and lower visual field in right eye were found to associated
with QoL. Severe glaucoma cases had significantly lower score in all the four domains than the mild
6. International Multispecialty Journal of Health (IMJH) [Vol-1, Issue-4, June-2015]
Page | 22
cases (p<0.01). Likewise patients with lower visual field in right eye scored less in each domain than
those with normal visual field (p<0.05).Constricted visual field in right eye also scored sinificantly less
in physical domain (P<0.05). (Table 4)
Table No. 4
Association of Characteristics of Glaucoma with QoL in Glaucoma patients
S.
No.
Characteristics
Variables
No. Of
Patients
Physical Mean
± SD ((D1
Psychological
(D2)Mean ±
SD
Social (D3)Mean
± SD
Environmental (D4)
Mean ± SD
1. Type of Glaucoma
OAG 75 49.37±18.76 51.41±17.32 48.52±22.68 48.61±17.64
CAG 25 46±20.98 40.92±19.89 43.33±23.87 41.66±20.95
Unpaired ‘t’ test P value & LS P>0.05 N S P=0.013 S P>0.05 N S P>0.05 N S
2 Duration of Illness
< 6 19 52.47±18.32 54.95±15.93 53.37±23.92 48.53±18.55
6 to 9 7 53.43±21.46 48.71±30.96 42.14±31.21 43.86±30.78
10 to 12 7 52.57±10.13 50±13.94 50.86±14.61 51.86±13.95
13 to 24 13 58.77±19.85 56.54±12.42 55.23±22.19 54.92±11.14
> 24 54 48.54±15.46 48.46±16.75 46.56±22.11 46.91±16.57
ANOVA test P value & LS P>0.05 N S P>0.05 N S P>0.05 N S P>0.05 N S
3 Severity of Glaucoma
Mild 34 58.74±19.25 59.74±17.46 57.91±24.11 55.85±17.35
Moderate 42 46.9±17.67 46.88±16.46 46.33±21.62 45.45±17.42
Severe 24 44.17±7.13 41.78±13.41 38.26±16.29 41.7±13.66
*ANOVA test P value & LS P=0.001 S P<0.001 S P=0.003 S P=0.006 S
4 Visual Field Right Eye
Normal 41 56.24±18.51 57.76±17.23 56.76±23.25 53.22±17.64
Constricted 59 47.76±14.73 46.08±15.6 48.64±50.39 45.03±16.57
Unpaired ‘t’ test P value & LS P=0.012 S P<0.001 S P=0.038 S P=0.020 S
5 Visual Field left Eye
Normal 42 55.26±20.13 54.86±19.18 52.79±26.53 50.38±19.75
7. International Multispecialty Journal of Health (IMJH) [Vol-1, Issue-4, June-2015]
Page | 23
Constricted 58 48.42±13.51 48.82±13.83 47.02±18.27 47.77±14.32
Unpaired ‘t’ test P value & LS P=0.045 S P>0.05 N S P>0.05 N S P>0.05 N S
4. Discussion:
In the present study, the overall quality of life in all four domains viz. physical, psychological, social
and environmental health was observed significantly poor glaucoma patients than controls. Various
studies11-18
in the past also reported poor quality of life in glaucoma patients. Sherwood et al11
found that
glaucoma patient had significantly lower scores than controls as per SF-20. Similarly Goldberg I etal12
administered Glaucoma Quality of Life-15 (GQL-15) questionnaire to assess QoL in glaucoma patients
and found similar observations.
Many factors may be attributed to the relatively poor quality of life among glaucoma subjects
which includes visual impairment, inconvenience, side effects and the cost of treatment etc. 13
Among socio-demographic variables the aged between 50 to 70 year had significantly lower
QoL. This decreasing QOL with increasing age was also observed by Sun et al14
in their Chinese
patients with angle closure glaucoma. Perception of life and priorities determining the QoL are different
in older adults than do young adults.15
Other reasons may be their limited adaptability to changing needs
and poor cognitive abilities of older patients.
Poor quality of life in all four domains was found to associate with lower income in this study.
This may have been the result of increased financial burden and reduced ability to work due to
glaucoma in already economically compromised population. This fact is supported by Gupta V etal.16
Most of the clinical variables including pain, congestion, diminished visual acuity in eyes,
shallow anterior chamber depth and positive papillary reaction were found have poor QoL. Similarly
constricted visual field and sever glaucoma also had lower scores in each domain of QoL. Onakoya AO
et al 17
also found that the increasing severity of disease defined by increasing visual field deficit (mean
deviation values) correlated significantly with worsening QoL. Glaucoma restrict patient’s ability to
perform activities of daily living and reduce their satisfaction with their lifestyle18
thus impairing their
QoL.
Assessment of QoL in glaucoma patients could be useful in determining the management strategies
customized according to the patient’s need for daily living which seem to be of paramount importance
in these patients and are significantly correlated with their QoL.19
Information gained from QoL studies
could improve the education of newly diagnosed patients and help them to realize the severity of the
disease and the importance of the adherence to daily treatment, despite the fact that symptoms are absent
in early stages 20
.
CONCLUSIONS
Quality of life of glaucoma patients was lowered in all four domains i.e. Physical, Mental, Social and
Environmental. Quality of life was not found to be associated with sex and marital status but it was
found more poorer in elder age groups and low socio-economic status. Among clinical variables its
quality of life of glaucoma patients was not found to be associated with papillary reaction, Anterior
chamber depth (ACD), type of glaucoma and duration of glaucoma but it was found more poorer in
glaucoma patients with pain, congestion and defective visual equity. Quality of life was significantly
lowered in sever glaucoma. Glaucoma patients should be educated to realize the severity of the disease
and importance of the adherence to daily treatment.
8. International Multispecialty Journal of Health (IMJH) [Vol-1, Issue-4, June-2015]
Page | 24
REFERENCES
1. Quigley HA, Broman AT. The number of people with glaucoma worldwide in 2010 and 2020.Br J
Ophthalmol. 2006; 90:262–7.
2. Mills T, Law SK, Walt J, et al. Quality of life in glaucoma and three other chronic diseases: a
systematic literature review. Drugs Aging. 2009;26:933-506.
3. Nelson P, Aspinall P, Papasouliotis O, et al.Quality of life in glaucoma and its relationship with
visual function. J Glaucoma. 2003; 12:139-50.
4. Jampel HD, Schwartz A, Pollack I, et al. Glaucoma patients’ assessment of their visual function and
quality of life. J Glaucoma. 2002;11:154-63.
5. 10. Gutierrez P, Wilson MR, Johnson C, et al. Influence of glaucomatous visual field loss on health-
related quality of life. Arch Ophthalmol. 1997;115:777-84
6. Janz NK, Wren PA, Lichter PR,et al. Quality of life in newly diagnosed glaucoma patients: the
Collaborative Initial Glaucoma Treatment Study. Ophthalmology. 2002;108:887-97.
7. 9. Parrish RK 2nd, Gedde SJ, Scott IU, , et al. Visual function and quality of life among patients
with glaucoma. Arch Ophthalmol.1997;115:1447-55.
8. Varma R, Richman EA, Ferris FL, et al. Use of patient reported outcomes in medical product
development: a report from the 2009 NEI/FDA Clinical Trial Endpoints Symposium.Invest
Ophthalmol Vis Sci.2010;51:6095–6103.
9. Skevington SM, Lotfy M, O'Connell KA. The World Health Organization's WHOQOL-BREF
quality of life assessment: psychometric properties and results of the international field trial. A
report from the WHOQOL group. Qual Life Res. 2004;13:299-310.
10. Saxena S, Chandramani K, Bhargava R. WHOQOL Hindi: a questionnaire for assessing quality of
life in health care setting in India. Natl Med. J. India. 1998; 11: 160–166.
11. Sherwood MB, Garcia-Siekavizza A, et al .Glaucoma’s impact on quality of life and its relation to
clinical indicators. A pilot study. Ophthalmology. 1998;105: 561-566.
12. Goldbrg I, Clement CL, Chiang TH. Assessing quality of Life in patients with glaucomausing the
Glaucoma Quality of Life-15 questionaire. J Glaucoma. 2009;18:6-12
13. Iester M, Zingirian M . Quality of life in patients with early, moderate and advanced glaucoma. Eye.
2002; 16:44-49.
14. Sun X, Zhang S, Wang N, et al. Utility Assessment among patients of primary angle
closure/glaucoma in China: a preliminary study. Br J Ophthalmol,2009;93:871–874.
15. Saxena S, Carlson D, Billington R. The WHO quality of life assessment instrument (WHOQOL-
Bref): the importance of its items for cross-cultural research. Qual Life Res. 2001;10:711–721.
16. Gupta, V., Dutta, P., Mary, O. et al.Effect of glaucoma on the quality of life of young
patients. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2011; 52: 8433-8437.
17. Onakoya AO, Mbadugha CA, Aribaba OT, et al. Quality of life of primary open angle glaucoma
patients in laos, Nigeri: Clinical and sociodemographic correlates. J Glaucoma. 2012;21:287-95.
18. Turano KA, Massof RW, Quigley H . A self-assessment instrument designed for measuring
independent mobility in Retinitis Pigmentosa patients: generalizability to glaucoma patients. Invest
Ophthalmol & Vis Sci. 2002; 43: 874-2881
19. Aspinall PA, Johnson ZK, Azuara-Blanco A et al. Evaluation of quality of life and priorities of
patients with glaucoma. Invest.Ophthalmol.Vis.Sci 2008;49:1907–1915.
20. Pfeiffer N, Krieglstein GK, Wellek S. Knowledge about glaucoma in the unselected population: a
German survey. J Glaucoma. 2002;11:458–463.