The document presents an analysis of Apple Inc.'s business operations in the United Kingdom, highlighting the nation's strong economy and the challenges Apple may face in market expansion, including political changes like Brexit. It details the importance of protecting company information through measures like biometric security and underscores the influence of the country’s diverse demographics and history on Apple's strategies. The document also discusses economic factors such as the UK's trade policies and the flexibility of its currency, which are crucial for Apple's market performance.

1. Running head: UNIT IV COURSE PROJECT
1
UNIT IV COURSE PROJECT
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Unit IV Course Project
Country Analysis: Essay
The United Kingdom is one of the leading nations regarding
development. Apple Company is going to enjoy success in the
region. The decision by the firm to move in the geographical
area is the best to increase market share. Moving to a new area,
there are various challenges that face an organization that needs
to be dealt with to make the organization achieve its objectives.
Apple Company needs to utilize multiple strategies to succeed
in the market. One of the ways is the protection of the company
information as one of the priority. The firm has set various
measures to ensure the data generated is secure and

2. confidential.
One of the methods used is the adoption of biometric. Biometric
is used to secure companies operations and improve the level of
confidentiality in the entire organization. By doing so, the
company ensures there is no copyright of products. The deficit
is the annual amount the government borrows to meet the
shortfall in the tax and the total amount spent by the
government. In the year 2016/2017 United Kingdom had a
balanced deficit of £45 billion which is equivalent to 2.3 %
percent. In other times the nation has managed to run a surplus
budget. The first time the UK government had a surplus budget
is 2001 which was approximate £17 billion. The deficit in the
UK budget is associated with the following term. The current
budget, cyclical budget deficit, public sector net cash among
others (Pettinger, 2017). The following factors cause potential
corruption and crises. They include political stability, law,
government matters, and interdisciplinary approach. In 2008,
the nation was faced by global financial crises which hit hard on
the economy. The crises caused the following that is high
customer debts, economic slowdown, falling off the home prices
among others.
Currency structure
The United Kingdom has a different currency to the United
States. The same goes for valuation and it is something that
affects the organization. Apple Company has to consider UK
currency valuation to that of the United States. The national
currency is pound sterling. British money is the one currently
dominating the world. The currency structure in the United
Kingdom favor Apple Company operations. However, the
British currency is superior to that of other countries.
Institutional factors
The UK is one of the leading trading power which is enabled by
financial centers in the world. Its economy depends mainly on
industrialization and agricultural product. It is currently among
the fifth largest economy in the world. The size of its economy
is based on its high value of GDP which is a total of $3.04

3. trillion (Khan, 2015). Central Banks mainly governs domestic
investors base. The shift of the investors’ support from
government to domestic holders has boosted the economy of the
nation. This is because investors realize an opportunity in the
market and take it.
Flexibility of Exchange rates
The flexibility of the exchange rate regime is an exchange rate
where the forces of supply and demand of foreign exchange
determine the rate of exchange in international markets
(Evrensel, u.d.). Apple Company will thrive best if a flexible
exchange rate system is maintained in the UK since it will aid
in optimum resource allocations. Also, a flexible exchange will
ensure that the UK government will not hold any foreign
exchange reserves. The sterling pound currency will, hence, be
allowed to adjust freely in the foreign market.
References
Evrensel, A. The Advantages and Disadvantages of Flexible
Exchange Rates - dummies. Retrieved from:
https://www.dummies.com/education/finance/international-
finance/the-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-flexible-exchange-
rates/
Khan, M. (2015). Booming Britain to become world's fourth
largest economy as France and Italy face G8 exclusion.
Retrieved from:
https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/economics/12068319/Boom
ing-Britain-to-become-worlds-fourth-largest-economy-as-
France-and-Italy-face-G8-exclusion.html
Pettinger, T. (2017). UK Budget Deficit. Retrieved from:
https://www.economicshelp.org/blog/5922/economics/uk-
budget-deficit-2/
Questions to Ponder Why Should We Believe Scientists
1. For most people how is their relationship with science like

4. faith include how they approach science? Hint do they have
enough background to understand the processes?
What was Pascal’s wager?
2. What does the speaker call the textbook scientific method?
Discuss the steps. What example did she use? Describe example
thoroughly?
3. What is the “fallacy of affirming the consequences’?
What example did she use? Describe example thoroughly.
4. What are auxiliary assumptions?
What example did she use?
What were the incorrect auxiliary assumptions that were made?
Describe example thoroughly.
5. Sometimes science just doesn’t fit the text book model. What
is another way that science is done?
And what examples did she use for this? Describe example
thoroughly.

5. 6. The question in science is sometimes “how do things work”.
What technique did she talk about for answering these questions
and what two examples did she use? Describe examples
thoroughly. What kinds of studies do computer studies allow us
to do that we couldn’t do without them.
7. So what is the process by which scientific work become
accepted? Describe the process of getting work published in
detail.
What persons are involved in the decision to publish a paper?
What about the paper makes them decide to publish it or not?
What did she call the way scientists judge other scientists’
work?
8. On whom is the burden of proof for new ideas?
Is it hard to get scientists to accept new ideas and is this a good
thing?
What did she mean by organized scepticism? Consensus of
experts?
How did she liken this process to a jury trial?
9. Why is the appeal to authority of science not the same as
the fallacy of appeal to authority such as a single person,
dictator or expert? Hint:

6. consensus of experts.
10. Ultimately what is science based on that makes it so
reliable? Use theexample of the automobile industry.
What did she say must happen for people’s belief in science to
be improved?
Running head: UNIT III COURSE PROJECT
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UNIT III COURSE PROJECT
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Unit III Course Project
Country Analysis

7. The company selected for this paper is Apple and the region is
the United Kingdom. It is a nation that is located in Europe and
has a good relationship with the United States. Apple is a
company that has been successful in the market at the national
and international level. It is a nation that has a strong economy.
The company management has to devise a plan to adapt to the
changing global environment in a foreign nation. The main aim
of the organization is to improve the market share and realize a
profit (Moffett Stonehill, & Eiteman, 2015). Apple company
uses various strategies in the market to run its operations
smoothly. Collaboration is an essential tool to the success of the
company operations. Partnerships involve company relation
with all the stakeholders who are part of the company success.
The list of Apple company stakeholders includes government,
shareholders, employees, distributors, among others. The
company has ensured there is a good relation with all
stakeholders by promoting constant communication. It ensures
that all stakeholders are familiar with company progress and
involved in the process of decisions making. The management
also ensures to use an approach that favors people from
different background (O'Rourke, 2012).
Culture and Belief systems.
The United Kingdom is comprised of four different nations
which include Wales, England, Scotland, and Northern Ireland
(Studlar, 1999). There is diversity in the culture with people
from different background. The big population comprises of
white who are approximate 87.2% percent and 3 percent blacks
with mixed heritage, Pakistan comprises of 1.9 percent, British
Indian area 2.3 percent, and others area 3.7% percent. The big
population of the people in the United Kingdom is white or
individuals with British heritage. Hence Apple needs to produce
products that favor the majority in the region to succeed and
make a profit. Christianity is the main religion in the United

8. Kingdom and enjoys 59.5 % percent. It is the leading religion
which is followed by Hinduism, Sikhism, Judaism, and
Buddhism. Hence Christianity is the main group. It is a monarch
and a parliamentary system type of governance. The country has
various political parties. Hence, it is a multiparty country.
Historical Significance
There are various historical events that can affect the operations
of the Apple Company. One of the historical events is
withdrawal from the EU. From 1973 United Kingdom has been
an active EU member since the economic block was formed. On
23rd June 2016, United Kingdom citizen voted on the favor of
leaving the EU. This is a move that can affect the business
operations due to the imposition of customs duties. Also, it can
weaken their currency which can directly affect Apple
Company.
Other events
The big population lies between the ages of 25-54 who are
40.55 % percent of the total population. The number of the male
is slightly higher than that of the female. Most of the business
products should be designed to fit the higher population in the
entire region. The rate of dependency is high which is 55.5. It is
a value that concerns the operations of the business. The rate of
dependency is divided between youth and elderly who have a
value of 27.4 and 28.2 respectively.
Reference
Factbook, C. I. A. (2012). The World Factbook. Central
Intelligence Agency.
Retrieved from: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-
world-factbook/geos/uk.html
Moffett, M. H., Stonehill, A. I., & Eiteman, D. K. (2015).

9. Fundamentals of multinational finance (5th ed.). Boston, MA:
Pearson Education.
O'Rourke, M. (2012). Inside Apple: How America's Most
Admired--and Secretive--Company Really Works. Risk
Management, 59(2), 43-44.
Studlar, D. T. (1999). Unwritten rules: Britain's constitutional
revolution. Harvard International Review, 21(2), 48.
Running head: UNIT II COURSE PROJECT
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UNIT II COURSE PROJECT
4
Unit II Course Project
Country Analysis: Essay
The business that is going to be discussed is the Apple
Company which for a long time the firm has dominated the

10. market due to its innovation. It is a global organization that has
branches all over the world (Moffett, Stonehill & Eiteman,
2015). The nation of operation that is going to be elaborated in
the United Kingdom. It is a nation where Apple has enjoyed
success and had a market share of 26.2 percent. The percent
indicates the market dominance enjoyed by the company which
it is aiming to improve. The use of innovation is one apple
company using to fulfill customers’ tastes and also make
themselves competitive in the market.
Background and economic strategy
Apple Company was started back in 1976, by two college
dropout who changed how people view computers. The primary
objective was to make portable computer one which can be used
at home or offices. The company went through tough times and
even made fewer profits which forced the founders to quit and
seek green pastures. The company faces stiff competition from
the Windows operating system. In 1997, the company developed
the Mac version as the operating system which is used to date as
the software. Apple company focuses mainly on electronics
such as iPod, tablet, laptop, Apple TV, mobile phones among
others.
They are a various economic strategy used by Apple company
which aims at strengthening the company and making it
competitive. Protection of the company information is one of
the priority. The firm has set various measures to ensure the
data generated is secure and confidential. One of the methods
used is the adoption of biometric. Biometric is used to secure
companies operations and improve the level of confidentiality
in the entire organization. Another process is company
adoption of copyright and patenting activities. This is to curb
any malicious activities of an individual or group. The main
malicious activity prevented mostly against is copyright which
may influence with the quality of the products in the market.
Another is the use of firewalls that helps in eliminating
unwanted materials that would corrupt the system. It helps the
company remain competitive in the market.

11. National goals
The United Kingdom also is known as England or Great Britain
is one of the leading on an economic standpoint due to its
influence in the international relations. The nation has various
goals which suit any foreign company. Some of the national
goals include; to have a stable global system that is under the
leadership and guidance of the UN. Another promotes the
economic interest of the United Kingdom. Also, minimizing the
risks of transnational crime and aims at promoting peace. All
the above-identified national goals ensure that Apple Company
can run its operations.
National trade policies
Trade is one of the United Kingdom economic backbones. The
primary trading partner is the United States which makes it
more comfortable for Apple company to fit and perform its
operations ("United Kingdom - Trade", 2018). Some of the trade
policies supported by the nation are liberalization. Another is
labor and taxation. Government generates revenue from the tax
on the goods and services.
Emerging Trends
In 2016 the economy of both Germany was among the leading
nations. In 2017, the figure changed, and UK GDP has reduced
("United Kingdom Economy - GDP, Inflation, CPI and Interest
Rate", 2018). Also, it is predicted that the country is going to
experience inflation which will be caused by the depreciation of
the sterling. Another is the effects of Brexit on the economy of
the nation.
References
Moffett, M. H., Stonehill, A. I., & Eiteman, D. K. (2015).
Fundamentals of multinational finance (5th ed.). Boston, MA:
Pearson Education.
United Kingdom Economy - GDP, Inflation, CPI and Interest
Rate. (2018). Retrieved from: https://www.focus-
economics.com/countries/united-kingdom
United Kingdom - Trade. (2018). Retrieved from:
https://www.britannica.com/place/United-Kingdom/Trade

12. Running head: UNIT I COURSE PROJECT
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UNIT I COURSE PROJECT
4
Unit I Course Project
Country Analysis: Research Proposal
Expansion of Business Operations
Apple Inc. The company is a global firm that designs, develops,
and vends consumer electronics and computer software (Levy,
n.d.). It also deals in online services such as IOS, Mac, Apple
Store, iTunes, and Apple Music. The company’s headquarters is
located in California. The company is popular for its marketing
strategies for its goods and its series of personal computers.
Apple Inc. was founded in 1976 by Steve Wozniak and Steve
Jobs. The Corporate uses the logo of a bitten Apple which was
inspired by Newton. Being a multinational Company, Apple is

13. expanding its business operations across the world (Moffett,
Stonehill, & Eiteman, 2015). For this assignment, I selected the
United Kingdom as a nation for international expansion of
Apple Company’s business operations.
The United Kingdom’s Historical Outline
The United Kingdom is popular for the role it played in
advancing science and literature and in developing democracy
in parliament. In the 20th century, the United Kingdom’s
strengths were washed-out in the two world wars and the
withdrawal of the Irish Republic from the union (Factbook, C. I.
A. 2012). However, later on in the century, the United Kingdom
was able to rebuild itself into a current successful European
nation. As a founding member of the Commonwealth and the
NATO and one of the perpetual members of the United Nations
Security Council, the United Kingdom follows a global
approach to foreign policy.
Since 1973, the United Kingdom has been an active participant
of the EU but outside the Monetary and Economic Union.
However, the nation intends to leave the EU since it is
frustrated by the huge migration into the country and the remote
bureaucracy in Brussels. In respect to this, the UK’s citizens
voted to leave the EU on 23rd June 2016. As a result, the United
Kingdom is currently negotiating its withdrawal terms with the
European Union. Other key events in the United Kingdom
include its participation in World War I in 1914 when it entered
hostilities against Germany (United Kingdom profile, 2012).
During World War II in 1939, The United Kingdom declared
war against Germany. However, in 1945, the United Kingdom
surrendered the war. Also, a labor leader, Clement Atlee was
elected in 1945.
The United Kingdom is the third biggest economy In Europe
after France and Germany. Its agriculture is highly mechanized
and produces up to 60% of its food needs. Also, the United
Kingdom is the leading fishing nation in Europe. The United
Kingdom is a major source of multilateral and bilateral aids to
third world nations. The nation also has large energy sources

14. such as coal which adds to the nation’s economy.
Size and Location
The United Kingdom is located in the West of Europe and a
sixth of the Ireland Island in the north. The UK is situated
between the North Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean in Europe.
Its geographic coordinates are 54 00 N, and 2 00 W. The
United Kingdom covers a total area of 243, 610 square
kilometers where land makes up to 243,930 square kilometers
and water 1,680 square kilometers.
Climate, Terrain, and Land Use
The United Kingdom has a moderate temperature which is
influenced by the prevailing southwest winds that blow over the
North Atlantic Current. The nation’s terrain includes low lying
mountains and rugged hills that level to rolling plains in the
southeast and east of the country. Most of the land in the
United States is used for agriculture which amounts to 71% of
the total land while forests make up 11.9 % of the total land.
The remaining 17.1 % is used for other land uses such as
construction.
Population
The United Kingdom has a total population of 65,648,100
people. Most of this populace is distributed around London. The
remaining population is distributed in clusters in areas such as
Manchester, Liverpool, Edinburgh, Cardiff, and Belfast.

15. References
Levy, S. Apple Inc. | American company. Retrieved from:
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Apple-Inc
Moffett, M. H., Stonehill, A. I., & Eiteman, D. K. (2015).
Fundamentals of multinational finance (5th ed.). Boston, MA:
Pearson Education.
United Kingdom profile. (2012). Retrieved from:
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/country_profiles/1038820.stm
Factbook, C. I. A. (2012). The World Factbook. Central
Intelligence Agency.
Retrieved from: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-
world-factbook/geos/uk.html
Unit VIII Course Project
Country Analysis: PowerPoint
Using the assignments from Units I-VII, create a six- to eight-
slide PowerPoint presentation that contains the following:
1. Provide the historical perspective, timeline, and advantages
of expanding your business and the country’s location, size,
developments, and significant events from Unit I.
2. Describe the country’s economic factors, political strategies,
goals, policies, and trends from Unit II.
3. Present the culture and belief systems of the country from
Unit III.
4. Present the country’s currency structure, including the size of
the economy and the domestic investor base.
5. Present regional transaction, translation, and operating
exposure.
6. Present theoretical recommendations for raising global
capital.
7. Present the country’s corporate tax system and export and

16. import policies.
Include at least four academic references.
Note: You may contact your professor if you have questions
about what may qualify as an academic resource.
This assignment must follow these formatting requirements:
Include a title slide containing the title of the assignment, the
student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, a nd the
date. The title slide is not included in the required slide length.
Include a reference slide containing the sources that were
consulted while completing research on the selected country,
listed in APA format. The reference slide is not included in the
required slide length.
Format the PowerPoint presentation with headings on each
slide, using two to three colors, one to two fonts, and two to
three relevant graphics (e.g., photographs, graphs, clip art),
ensuring that the presentation is visually appealing and
readable.