This document discusses random variables and the difference between discrete and continuous random variables. It defines a random variable as a numerical quantity generated by a random experiment. A random variable is discrete if it has a finite or countable number of possible values, while a continuous variable contains values within a whole interval of numbers. Examples are provided of discrete random variables like the number of heads in a coin flip, and continuous variables like height. Statistics is defined as using data to make decisions by collecting, analyzing, and summarizing data to answer questions.

1. Illustrating Random
Variables and Distinguishing
Between a Discrete and
Continuous

2. What do you mean by random?
Give examples when to use the word
random.

3. RANDOM
IN STATISTICS
VARIES BY CHANCE

4. Example: Tossing a coin
1.How many heads when
we toss 3 coins?

5. A random variable is called
discrete if it has either a finite
or a countable number of
possible values

6. A random variable is a numerical
quantity that is generated by a
random experiment.
Use capital letters for random
variables and small letters for the
actual values

7. A random variable is a
numerical quantity that is
generated by a random
experiment

8. A random variable is
discrete if it has a finite or
countable number of possible
outcomes that can be listed.

9. A random variable is called discrete
if it has either a finite or a countable
number of possible values. A random
variable is called continuous if its
possible values contain a whole
interval of numbers.

10. A continuous
variable is a value
that is being acquired
by measuring.

11. Exercise
1. Number of heads in 4 flips of a coin
2. Heights of students in class
3. Number of classes missed from March
2020 to December 2020
4. The number of siblings a person has
5. Distance travelled from Dumaguete to
Pamplona

12. How many possible values when you
roll two fair dice, specifically knowing
the sum of dots on the top faces.

13. Statistics as a tool
in Decision-
Making

14. Statistics as a tool in Decision-Making
Statistics is defined as a science that
studies data to be able to make a
decision.
a science involves the methods of
collecting, processing, summarizing and
analyzing data in order to provide
answers or solutions to an inquiry.

15. TRIVIA
The word “statistics” actually comes from
the word “state”— because governments
have been involved in the statistical
activities, especially the conduct of
censuses either for military or taxation
purposes.

16. The need for and conduct of censuses are
recorded in the pages of holy texts. In the
Christian Bible, particularly the Book of
Numbers, God is reported to have instructed
Moses to carry out a census. Another census
mentioned in the Bible is the census ordered
by Caesar Augustus throughout the entire
Roman Empire before the birth of Christ.

17. TANONG:
ANO ANG NAGAGAWA NG
STATISTICS?

18. TANONG:
ANO ANG NAGAGAWA NG
STATISTICS?
>characterize persons, objects,
situations, and phenomena;

19. TANONG:
ANO ANG NAGAGAWA NG
STATISTICS?
>explain relationships among
variables

20. TANONG:
ANO ANG NAGAGAWA NG
STATISTICS?
>formulate objective assessments
and comparisons

21. TANONG:
ANO ANG NAGAGAWA NG
STATISTICS?
>make evidence-based decisions
and predictions.

22. Statistical Process in Solving a Problem
Planning or designing the collection of data to answer
statistical questions in a way that maximizes
information content and minimizes bias;
 Collecting the data as required in the plan;
Verifying the quality of the data after they were
collected;

23. Statistical Process in Solving a Problem
Summarizing the information extracted from
the data; and
Examining the summary statistics so that
insight and meaningful information can be
produced to support decision-making or
solutions to the question or problem at
hand.

24. Note that:
Difference between questions
that could be and those that
could not answered using
Statistics.

25. Identify the following if it is
answerable by statistics or not
1. What is a typical size of a Filipino family?
2. How many hours in a day?
3. How old is the oldest man residing in the Philippines?
4. Is planet Mars bigger than planet Earth?

26. Identify the following if it is
answerable by statistics or not
1. Would Filipinos prefer eating bananas rather than apple?
2. How long did you sleep last night?
3. How much a newly-hired public school teacher in NCR earns
in a month?
4. How tall is a typical Filipino?
5. Did you eat your breakfast today? (