This document discusses several optical illusions and how they relate to how our brain perceives and processes visual information:
1) The brightness illusion occurs because our brain compares the brightness of objects to their surroundings, not their actual brightness levels, causing squares of the same gray to appear different shades.
2) In the hybrid image illusion, faces seem to "swap" as you move back due to the brain processing fine details up close and coarse details from farther away.
3) Staring at the after-image pattern causes you to see an image of Jesus afterwards due to certain photoreceptor cells becoming desensitized at different rates for brighter and darker areas.
4) The Jastrow illusion makes
The human eye is one of the most valuable and sensitive sense organs in the human body. It enables us to see the wonderful world and colours around us.
Structure of eye:
The human eye has the following main parts:
Cornea: It is the transparent spherical membrane covering the front of the eye. Light enters the eye through this membrane.
Crystalline lens: The eyes lens is a convex lens made of a transparent, soft and flexible material like a jelly made of proteins.
Iris: It is a dark muscular diaphragm between the cornea and the lens. It controls the size of the pupil. It is the colour of the iris that we call as the colour of the eye.
Pupil: It is a small hole between the iris through which light enters the eye. In dim light, it opens up completely due to expansion of iris muscles, but in bright light it becomes very small due to contraction of iris muscles.
Physics ( human eye and the colourful world).Nikhil Dahiya
ppt on human eye and its structure. shows different parts of the eye . helps the student to learn about the eye more breifly.it is a science ppt which will be helpfull . teachers can also take it in the us for letting the students understand better .
Human Eye and Colorful World. Chapter 11 grade 10thMurari Parashar
Chapter 11 Human Eye and Colorful World. Human eye is the optical instrument used which enables us to see.
We will study various natural optical phenomenon like Rainbow formation, twinkling of star, blue and red color of sky etc.
The human eye is one of the most valuable and sensitive sense organs in the human body. It enables us to see the wonderful world and colours around us.
Structure of eye:
The human eye has the following main parts:
Cornea: It is the transparent spherical membrane covering the front of the eye. Light enters the eye through this membrane.
Crystalline lens: The eyes lens is a convex lens made of a transparent, soft and flexible material like a jelly made of proteins.
Iris: It is a dark muscular diaphragm between the cornea and the lens. It controls the size of the pupil. It is the colour of the iris that we call as the colour of the eye.
Pupil: It is a small hole between the iris through which light enters the eye. In dim light, it opens up completely due to expansion of iris muscles, but in bright light it becomes very small due to contraction of iris muscles.
Physics ( human eye and the colourful world).Nikhil Dahiya
ppt on human eye and its structure. shows different parts of the eye . helps the student to learn about the eye more breifly.it is a science ppt which will be helpfull . teachers can also take it in the us for letting the students understand better .
Human Eye and Colorful World. Chapter 11 grade 10thMurari Parashar
Chapter 11 Human Eye and Colorful World. Human eye is the optical instrument used which enables us to see.
We will study various natural optical phenomenon like Rainbow formation, twinkling of star, blue and red color of sky etc.
It is a nptel course pdf made available here from its official nptel website . Its full credit goes to nptel itself . I am just sharing it here as i thought it would help someone in need of it . It is a course of INTRODUCTION TO ADVANCED COGNITIVE PROCESSES
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
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An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
2. In this illusion, squares a and b are the same shade of gray and the two circles are
the same color. (If you don’t believe it, print it out, cut out the two squares, and place
them side by side.) This trick of the eye occurs because our brain does not directly
perceive the true colors and brightness of objects in the world but instead compares
the color and brightness of a given item with others in its vicinity. For instance, the
same gray square and colored circle will look lighter when surrounded by black than
when it is surrounded by white.
Brightness Illusion
3. Get up from your computer and walk back about 10 to 15 feet. What do you see now?
4. When we look at the world around us we see everything in both fine and coarse
detail. When we are closer to an object, the fine detail dominates and as we get
further away, the coarse detail dominates. Both of the pictures above are a
combination of both fine and coarse detail. Albert Einstein is shown in fine detail
whereas Marilyn Monroe or Harry Potter are in coarse detail. Therefore, as you
move away from the pictures the faces seem to ‘swap’ from Albert to either Marilyn
or Harry.
Hybrid Images
5. Look at the image above and stare at the central 4 dots for about 30 seconds. Then, look away at a blank
wall or white surface. Who do you see?
6. Did you see Jesus? This effect is explained by the photoreceptor cells (rods and
cones) in your eyes. The longer you look at the image the more desensitized your
cells become. In other words, they become pretty tired (overstimulated). This
happens a lot faster for the brighter parts of the picture compared to the dark. When
you look at a blank wall after staring at the following image, the less desensitized
areas are more active. This is why you see Jesus’s face.
After-Images
8. Is your cup o’ joe half empty or half full? It depends on your outlook—and on a little twist
on the Jastrow illusion, named after Polish-born American psychologist Joseph Jastrow.
In this classic illusion, two identical arches positioned in a certain configuration appear
to have very different lengths. In other words, the sleeves a and b appear to be of
different size, but they are the same size. Starbucks coffee sleeves have the perfect
shape for an impromptu demonstration of the Jastrow illusion, so now you can amaze
your office mates at your next coffee break.
All you need to do is align the coffee sleeves as in the accompanying photograph and—
presto!—your tall cup sleeve is now venti-sized! Your brain compares the upper arch’s
lower right corner with the lower arch’s upper right corner and concludes, incorrectly,
that the upper sleeve is shorter than the lower sleeve.
Jastrow Illusion
9. The straight lines near the central point (vanishing point) appear to curve outward. This illusion occurs
because our brains are predicting the way the underlying scene would look in the next moment if we were
moving toward the middle point.
10. When light hits your retina, about one-tenth of a second goes by before the brain translates the
signal into a visual perception of the world. We’re always one-tenth a second behind. This is
called a neural delay. To compensate, it has been proposed that our visual system has evolved
to compensate for neural delays, generating images of what will occur one-tenth of a second
into the future. That is, we are constantly making predictions about the future. That foresight
keeps our view of the world in the present. It gives you enough heads up to catch a fly ball
(instead of getting socked in the face) and maneuver smoothly through a crowd.
The Hering Illusion is a vivid example of our brains attempting to perceive the future. The Hering
Illusion tricks us into thinking we are moving forward, and thus, switches on our future-seeing
abilities. Since we aren't actually moving and the figure is static, we misperceive the straight
lines as curved ones.
“The converging lines toward a vanishing point (the spokes) are cues that trick our brains into
thinking we are moving forward — as we would in the real world, where the door frame (a pair of
vertical lines) seems to bow out as we move through it — and we try to perceive what that world
will look like in the next instant.” -Mark Changizi, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
Hering Illusion
11.
12. In 1984 neurophysiologist Rudiger von der Heydt and his colleagues at Johns Hopkins
University discovered visual neurons called end-stopped cells that responded to real boundaries
but also registered illusory contours. The activity of these cells causes the brain to interpret the
illusory boundaries as real. That is, you see a square in the previous image, but the square does
not exist.
Since this initial discovery, a number of studies have shown that the brain treats Kanizsa shapes
as if they were real objects.
Kanizsa Shapes
14. The pupil automatically constricts in response to strong light to protect receptors in the retina
from damage. Scientists have assumed that the reflex is involuntary, as it is evident in comatose
patients, and that it is triggered by the amount of absolute luminance. Does the same thing
happen when looking at the brightness illusion shown in the two illustrations?
Although the center of each design has the same amount of physical luminance, the pattern on
the left appears subjectively brighter. Accordingly, researchers found that participants’ pupils
constricted more in response to the image on the left than to the one on the right, indicating that
a subjective experience of brightness—not actual luminance— governs this response.
Regardless of reality, the visual system interprets the apparently brighter pattern as a greater
threat to the eye.
Brightness Illusion II