This paper focused on addressing the effects of operational issues on the
stakeholders to a private organisation. The findings show that the implementation of
stakeholders’ involvement lent support to effective zero waste practice in this
research. It is an action research, carried out in a case study of a commercial livestock
farm, using workshop and interviews as key data collection methods. The
research considered the interest of the affected and involved stakeholders in
identifying and deliberating on key operational issues such as live-stock waste
management and mortality. Suggestions and decisions result in effective approach to
addressing stakeholders’ marginalisation through a participatory research process,
which led to a zero-waste operational practice. The research concludes with the
suggestion for a mixed method to explore the topic in future research in a private
sector organisation
An Assessment and Ranking of Barriers to Doing Business in ChinaTurlough Guerin
The survey assessed barriers to transferring environmental goods and services to China as perceived by environmental professionals. It identified the highest priority barriers according to respondents: (1) protection of intellectual property, (2) limitations of the rule of law in China, (3) fragmentation and bureaucracy of the Chinese government, and (4) establishing appropriate levels of ownership for environmental goods and services providers in China. The barriers did not appear to be unique to environmental transfers and were generally applicable to transferring technology to China. Examples from Australian experience confirmed these barriers to providing needed environmental technology and innovation to China.
This document discusses the emergence of a "seamless web" framework for environmental regulation. It describes regulation evolving through three stages - from traditional government regulation, to adding market mechanisms, to a seamless web of self-regulation. The seamless web comprises numerous regulators from government, industry, NGOs, investors, and consumers. It recognizes industry's pivotal role and stimulates innovation by catering to different corporate cultures.
Impact of Green Attitude on Green Work Behavior: An Empirical Study of Employ...AJSSMTJournal
As interesting and important areas, Green Attitude (GA) and Green Work Behavior (GWB) are
examined considering the employees in a Sri Lankan tiles manufacturing company. The main objective of the
study is to explore the impact of GA on employees’ GWB. Using simple random sampling, 81 employees were
selected as the sample and primary data were gathered using two self-developed instruments regarding to GA
and GWB. Univariate and bivariate analyses were conducted to analyze the data and the main finding of the
study is that there is a positive and significant impact from GA on GWB of the employees in the selected tiles
manufacturing company. As the recommendation of the study authors instruct the companies in the tiles
manufacturing industry to develop employees’ green attitude for the better work behavior in greening
This document summarizes a study that investigates internet environmental reporting (IER) practices of Chinese listed companies from 2002 to 2006. The study finds that IER is increasingly being used in China to disclose corporate social and environmental activities and policies. Both the quantity and scope of disclosures have increased over time. However, there remains significant variation across companies in reporting practices and levels of disclosure. Standards and guidelines for IER are lacking in China, resulting in incomparable data. External auditing of IER also remains limited. The study contributes to understanding IER in China's developing economy and social context.
11.elijido ten 0036www.iiste.org call-for_paper-60.revisedAlexander Decker
This document discusses a study on the preferred strategies chosen by various stakeholder representatives to influence management regarding environmental disclosures in Malaysia. The study uses a framework that categorizes influence strategies and resource relationships. Qualitative interviews were conducted with stakeholder groups using a hypothetical scenario about a bank's environmental initiative. The findings indicate the framework is useful for understanding each group's strategies. However, the strategies' effectiveness depends on how significant each group sees the initiative and how it may affect their stake in the firm. The study contributes new insights on stakeholder demands for disclosure from an ex ante perspective.
A survey was conducted to assess non-trade
barriers and their practical impact on the
transfer of environmental technologies and goods
and services to China, focusing on Australian vendors.
The highest priority barriers, which are most likely to
limit Australian vendors of environmental goods and
services in their technology transfers to China, were
protection of intellectual property, limitations of the rule
of law, fragmentation and bureaucracy of the Chinese
government; and establishing appropriate level of
ownership (of these vendors). Examples of Australian
experiences that confirmed these barriers to providing
the needed technology and innovation to manage China's increasing environmental impacts were also examined. These barriers are discussed in relation to a pending free trade agreement between Australia and China. The perceived impacts of such a free trade agreement on corporate environmental managers and environmental consultants are also discussed. The barriers identified do not appear to be unique to transfer of environmental goods and services, but generic to the transfer and adoption of Australian technology into China.
Green Rating Project, Environmental Information Disclosure ProgrammeAmit Chauhan
The document discusses the Green Rating Project (GRP) in India, which collects internal environmental performance information from three major industrial sectors across India. The GRP aims to enhance environmental performance by adopting a cooperative approach, making findings public, and achieving high participation. It compares the GRP process to the concept of reflexivity and argues that reflexivity can occur in non-Western contexts as well. The GRP is presented as an alternative regulatory approach to traditional command-and-control methods that directly enhances environmental performance.
An Assessment and Ranking of Barriers to Doing Business in ChinaTurlough Guerin
The survey assessed barriers to transferring environmental goods and services to China as perceived by environmental professionals. It identified the highest priority barriers according to respondents: (1) protection of intellectual property, (2) limitations of the rule of law in China, (3) fragmentation and bureaucracy of the Chinese government, and (4) establishing appropriate levels of ownership for environmental goods and services providers in China. The barriers did not appear to be unique to environmental transfers and were generally applicable to transferring technology to China. Examples from Australian experience confirmed these barriers to providing needed environmental technology and innovation to China.
This document discusses the emergence of a "seamless web" framework for environmental regulation. It describes regulation evolving through three stages - from traditional government regulation, to adding market mechanisms, to a seamless web of self-regulation. The seamless web comprises numerous regulators from government, industry, NGOs, investors, and consumers. It recognizes industry's pivotal role and stimulates innovation by catering to different corporate cultures.
Impact of Green Attitude on Green Work Behavior: An Empirical Study of Employ...AJSSMTJournal
As interesting and important areas, Green Attitude (GA) and Green Work Behavior (GWB) are
examined considering the employees in a Sri Lankan tiles manufacturing company. The main objective of the
study is to explore the impact of GA on employees’ GWB. Using simple random sampling, 81 employees were
selected as the sample and primary data were gathered using two self-developed instruments regarding to GA
and GWB. Univariate and bivariate analyses were conducted to analyze the data and the main finding of the
study is that there is a positive and significant impact from GA on GWB of the employees in the selected tiles
manufacturing company. As the recommendation of the study authors instruct the companies in the tiles
manufacturing industry to develop employees’ green attitude for the better work behavior in greening
This document summarizes a study that investigates internet environmental reporting (IER) practices of Chinese listed companies from 2002 to 2006. The study finds that IER is increasingly being used in China to disclose corporate social and environmental activities and policies. Both the quantity and scope of disclosures have increased over time. However, there remains significant variation across companies in reporting practices and levels of disclosure. Standards and guidelines for IER are lacking in China, resulting in incomparable data. External auditing of IER also remains limited. The study contributes to understanding IER in China's developing economy and social context.
11.elijido ten 0036www.iiste.org call-for_paper-60.revisedAlexander Decker
This document discusses a study on the preferred strategies chosen by various stakeholder representatives to influence management regarding environmental disclosures in Malaysia. The study uses a framework that categorizes influence strategies and resource relationships. Qualitative interviews were conducted with stakeholder groups using a hypothetical scenario about a bank's environmental initiative. The findings indicate the framework is useful for understanding each group's strategies. However, the strategies' effectiveness depends on how significant each group sees the initiative and how it may affect their stake in the firm. The study contributes new insights on stakeholder demands for disclosure from an ex ante perspective.
A survey was conducted to assess non-trade
barriers and their practical impact on the
transfer of environmental technologies and goods
and services to China, focusing on Australian vendors.
The highest priority barriers, which are most likely to
limit Australian vendors of environmental goods and
services in their technology transfers to China, were
protection of intellectual property, limitations of the rule
of law, fragmentation and bureaucracy of the Chinese
government; and establishing appropriate level of
ownership (of these vendors). Examples of Australian
experiences that confirmed these barriers to providing
the needed technology and innovation to manage China's increasing environmental impacts were also examined. These barriers are discussed in relation to a pending free trade agreement between Australia and China. The perceived impacts of such a free trade agreement on corporate environmental managers and environmental consultants are also discussed. The barriers identified do not appear to be unique to transfer of environmental goods and services, but generic to the transfer and adoption of Australian technology into China.
Green Rating Project, Environmental Information Disclosure ProgrammeAmit Chauhan
The document discusses the Green Rating Project (GRP) in India, which collects internal environmental performance information from three major industrial sectors across India. The GRP aims to enhance environmental performance by adopting a cooperative approach, making findings public, and achieving high participation. It compares the GRP process to the concept of reflexivity and argues that reflexivity can occur in non-Western contexts as well. The GRP is presented as an alternative regulatory approach to traditional command-and-control methods that directly enhances environmental performance.
Effect of ecodesign practices on the financial performance of manufacturing f...Martin Otundo
The document is a research proposal that examines the effect of ecodesign practices on the financial performance of manufacturing firms in Mombasa County, Kenya. It begins with background information on ecodesign and financial performance measures. It then discusses the manufacturing industry in Kenya and issues of pollution from factories in Mombasa County. The research problem looks at the mixed results from previous studies on the link between environmental protection and firm performance. The objectives are to determine the adoption of ecodesign practices, challenges to adoption, and the relationship between adoption and financial performance. The value of the study is that it can help firms and inform public policy.
This document is a student paper that examines how small and medium enterprises (SMEs) develop green entrepreneurship practices. It analyzes SME strategies related to energy upgrades and environmental protection. The paper reviews literature on green design, processes, logistics and factors that support long-term green entrepreneurship plans. Data comes from a survey of 100 SMEs in Greece. The paper finds that while SMEs contribute significantly to pollution, research shows their environmental practices vary greatly depending on their sector, characteristics and country.
Effects of the External (Macro) And Internal (Micro) Source (Factors) of Inno...inventionjournals
In an attempt to use the resource-based theoretical approach, this article tried to empirically investigate the influence and impact of theinternal (micro) and external (macro) environmental factors of innovation performance using a sample of small and medium sized firms in the telecommunication cluster in Ghana with the main focus on examining variables such as customer inputs, the intensive role of R&D, cooperative networks, the uncertain environment and the complex environment of the firm. A sample of 31 SMEs in the telecommunication cluster was selected with 109 questionnaires administered. The results indicate that the macro environmental sources as cooperative network and customer inputs actually impact positively on the innovation performance of SMEs in the communication cluster in Ghana. However, firm size, network size and complex environment were shown to be negatively related to firm innovation performance.
Transfer of Environmentally Sound Technologies: Identifying the Hierarchy and...scmsnoida5
The application of new, resource efficient
Environmentally Sound Technologies (ESTs) has
become crucial for both development and the
environment. Technology transfer is most
fundamentally complex process of learning and the
effective transfer is not possible until all the factors
related to transfer process is well understood. Present
paper aims to understand Hierarchy and interrelationship
among barriers to the process of adoption
of environmentally sound technologies using an
interpretive structural modelling (ISM) technique. The
paper will reveal how ISM supports policy planners
and implementing agencies in recognizing and
exploring interdependencies among barriers to EST.
The main findings of the paper contain the
development of Hierarchy and inter-relationship of
barriers to EST adoption with ISM model. The
identified barriers are divided into five blocks of
Hierarchy that display their inter-relationship depicting
the driving-dependence relationship. This academic
exercise of ISM model development is expected to
direct a way forward to the policy planners, makers
and implementers to leverage their resources
optimally with effective adoption of EST.
This document summarizes research on the adoption of advanced environmental technologies in the Nigerian pulp and paper industry and the relationship to corporate financial performance. The research involved interviews with executives from five pulp and paper firms in Nigeria. The findings suggest a positive relationship between the use of cleaner technologies and financial performance of these African industrial firms. The firms had moved beyond end-of-pipe technologies to implement cleaner production processes and principles of industrial ecology, improving both efficiency and profitability. The research was aimed at generating a grounded theory on the drivers of adopting advanced environmental technologies in developing countries like Nigeria and their impact on competitiveness.
The document summarizes the results of a study examining green entrepreneurship among SMEs in Greece. It includes 10 hypotheses related to SMEs' ability to incorporate green strategies and the factors influencing their greening process. The methodology section describes a survey of Greek professionals to collect data. The results section outlines the findings for each hypothesis. It found that SMEs can incorporate green strategies and consumers are willing to pay more for green products. European funding was found to positively influence greening processes, while the relationship between firm size/turnover and greening was inconclusive. Government support for greening efforts was found to have some positive but also insignificant relationships.
Environmental Cost Disclosure and Corporate Performance of Quoted Foods and B...YogeshIJTSRD
This study examined the effect of environmental cost disclosure on the performance of quoted food and beverage firms in Nigeria. Specifically, it analyzed how environmental restoration costs and pollution control costs impact return on assets. The study utilized a sample of 9 food and beverage firms out of 12 total. Data was collected from 2010 to 2019 and analyzed using multiple linear regression. The results showed that environmental restoration costs and pollution control costs did not have a significant effect on return on assets. Therefore, it was recommended that firms implement greener techniques to both protect the environment and increase return on assets.
Board Attributes and Sustainability Disclosure of Quoted Companies in the Bui...ijtsrd
The study examined the effect which board attributes, namely board size, board independence and board diligence meeting have on sustainability disclosure of industrial goods firms in Nigeria. The study is based on a sample of nine listed building material companies under industrial goods sector in Nigeria Exchange Group Plc from 2012 2019. Collected data were analyzed with pooled ordinary least square regression including diagnostic test to confirm the assumptions of the regression. The empirical result indicates that board size has positive and significant effect on sustainability disclosures. Board independence and board diligence have positive but insignificant influence on sustainability disclosures on listed building g material firms in Nigeria. Findings of the study have important policy implications that corporate board attributes can reduce information asymmetry between firm management and investors through sustainability disclosures thereby showing increase concern for stakeholders. The study recommends that regulatory bodies should ensure that all listed firms should comply with the requirements of having sufficient members on the board as specified on the Nigerian Code of Corporate Governance 2018 and Companies and Allied Matters Act 2020 . Emeka Nwokeji N. A | Ohajiano Nwannekalecturer | Agubata N. S "Board Attributes and Sustainability Disclosure of Quoted Companies in the Building Material Sub-Sector of Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-1 , December 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47904.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/47904/board-attributes-and-sustainability-disclosure-of-quoted-companies-in-the-building-material-subsector-of-nigeria/emeka-nwokeji-n-a
This study examines industrial symbiosis in the forestry sector of southern Brazil. The researchers conducted interviews and a questionnaire with 24 companies involved in wood processing to analyze waste streams, commercial relationships, and sustainability impacts. They found that companies participate in a symbiotic network mainly involving the exchange of wood chips, bark, sawdust, and shavings between nearby companies. Most exchanges occur less than 68 km apart, constituting an extensive industrial ecosystem. The researchers calculated an Industrial Symbiosis Indicator to represent the level of symbiosis and found benefits in the environmental, economic, and social dimensions. The network has expanded waste exchange and cooperation over time.
Imperative of Environmental Cost on Equity and Assets of Quoted Manufacturing...ijtsrd
This study examine the imperative of environmental cost on equity and assets of quoted manufacturing firms in Nigeria. The study adopts ex post facto, content analysis and regression research design. The research adopts secondary source of data in obtaining all the data needed for the study, extracted from the audited financial statements of the sampled manufacturing firms, which is meticulously examined and relevant data extracted from the period of 2011 2018 for analysis, in line with the main objective. Hypothesis is tested and the results reveals that environmental cost has a significant effect on return on equity and return on assets of quoted manufacturing firms in Nigeria. In consonance with this study's findings, it is recommended that, Firms in Nigeria should invest reasonable amount on environmental issues and report same in their financial reports for the various stakeholders to see. This will create a good relationship with the host community which will enable growth in production and increase in turnover. Dr. Odogu, Laime Isaac | Dadiowei, Opritari Maxwell "Imperative of Environmental Cost on Equity and Assets of Quoted Manufacturing Firms in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-4, August 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd59695.pdf Paper Url:https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/59695/imperative-of-environmental-cost-on-equity-and-assets-of-quoted-manufacturing-firms-in-nigeria/dr-odogu-laime-isaac
This document summarizes a research article that examines the effect of circular economy and green management practices on firm growth performance through innovation. The study analyzes survey responses from 403 manufacturing companies. While innovation was found to highly impact firm growth, green management had a limited effect. The circular economy did not significantly affect growth, either positively or negatively. The document provides background on concepts like the circular economy, green management, and their relationship to sustainability, innovation and industry 4.0.
Application of an integrative approach for municipal solid waste management a...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes an article that assesses municipal solid waste management in Abuja, Nigeria and Putrajaya, Malaysia using an integrated solid waste management system approach. The study aims to adopt a conceptual model for efficient and sustainable solid waste management in Abuja based on comparing it to Putrajaya. The integrated solid waste management system recognizes three important dimensions: stakeholders, waste system elements like collection and disposal, and sustainability.
The current study investigates the impact of environmental sustainability government initiatives (ESGI), social platform influence (SPI), environment awareness (EA), and environment consciousness (EC) on green practices (GP). Data were collected using a self-administered survey targeting Gen Z consumers. A total of 354 responses were analyzed using the partial least square structural equational modeling (PLS-SEM). The results reveal that SPI, EA, and EC have a significant positive impact on GP, while ESGI does not affect GP. The study also examines the mediating role of EC and EA in the adoption/implementation of green practices. Further, the moderating influence of gender was also found in the model. The study highlights the importance of SPI and its effect on the green practices of Gen Z, which will guide businesses and marketers in promoting their green initiative.
The current study investigates the impact of environmental sustainability government initiatives (ESGI), social platform influence (SPI), environment awareness (EA), and environment consciousness (EC) on green practices (GP). Data were collected using a self-administered survey targeting Gen Z consumers. A total of 354 responses were analyzed using the partial least square structural equational modeling (PLS-SEM). The results reveal that SPI, EA, and EC have a significant positive impact on GP, while ESGI does not affect GP. The study also examines the mediating role of EC and EA in the adoption/implementation of green practices. Further, the moderating influence of gender was also found in the model. The study highlights the importance of SPI and its effect on the green practices of Gen Z, which will guide businesses and marketers in promoting their green initiative.
The study investigates the analysis on the relationship between green accounting and green design for enterprise. Expost-facto research design was use for the study. The secondary data used in the study covered a period of 10 years (2011-2020) and were sources from Business record of vital foam Nig. Ltd, the data were analyze using multiplied linear regression. From the analysis of the data and test of hypothesis result show green accounting and green design for enterprise have both positive and negative effect on the enterprise but due to external and internal factors. It is on this account that the study therefore recommend that enterprise should make sure they have appropriate and well designed green accounting design to be able to stand the test of time.
Pathways to Zero Waste in India (by Ashish Chaturvedi Research Fellow Green T...NITI Aayog
1) The document summarizes a seminar on conceptualizing zero waste in India under the Swachh Bharat initiative.
2) It discusses different pathways for achieving zero waste, including a technology-focused "techno-nirvana" approach and a more inclusive "green transformations" approach valuing decentralized infrastructure and jobs in the informal sector.
3) Key implications for designing and implementing Swachh Bharat discussed are the importance of source segregation, developing decentralized recovery facilities, consistent local government approaches, engaging a broad set of stakeholders, and exploring waste-to-energy options like co-incineration in cement kilns.
The document discusses cross-functional integration in the sustainable new product development process and examines the role of the environmental specialist. It finds that integrating an environmental specialist into new product teams has a positive influence on sustainable new product project performance. The influence is strongest in the later commercialization stage of development and even greater for high-innovative projects. The study is based on a sample of 219 firms across various industries.
Environmental scanning an imperative for business survival and growth in nigeriaAlexander Decker
This document discusses environmental scanning, which refers to carefully examining the external environment to identify opportunities and threats for business survival and growth. It finds that environmental scanning is critical for business success globally and in Nigeria. Nigerian managers with higher education are more likely to scan the environment. Customers and competitors are the most unpredictable environmental factors but are also the most important to monitor. The document examines theories and models of environmental scanning and argues that continuously monitoring the external environment is important for organizations to adapt to changes and maintain competitiveness.
A REVIEW ON THE SUCCESS FACTORS FOR COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN SOLID WASTE MA...Kelly Lipiec
Community participation is key to the success of solid waste management. Effective communication among
stakeholders and welcoming new community participants are important success factors. Communication allows
understanding of issues to develop and identification of conflicts. Welcoming participants openly and valuing their
contributions encourages ongoing involvement.
This document provides an overview of systems approaches to addressing complex public sector challenges. It discusses the need for systems thinking given increasing complexity in policy issues. Traditional linear and sectoral approaches are often inadequate for "wicked problems" that have many interconnected elements. The document then outlines some of the challenges of using systems approaches in the public sector, such as the difficulty of changing systems that must continue operating. It provides examples of systems approaches being used for issues like child protection, domestic violence, and transportation. The key is focusing on outcomes, bringing together multiple actors, and implementing interventions to transform existing systems into desired future systems. Case studies and emerging evidence suggest systems approaches have potential but also face challenges in public sector contexts.
Submission Deadline: 30th September 2022
Acceptance Notification: Within Three Days’ time period
Online Publication: Within 24 Hrs. time Period
Expected Date of Dispatch of Printed Journal: 5th October 2022
MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND WHITE LATER THICKNESS IN WIRE-...IAEME Publication
White layer thickness (WLT) formed and surface roughness in wire electric discharge turning (WEDT) of tungsten carbide composite has been made to model through response surface methodology (RSM). A Taguchi’s standard Design of experiments involving five input variables with three levels has been employed to establish a mathematical model between input parameters and responses. Percentage of cobalt content, spindle speed, Pulse on-time, wire feed and pulse off-time were changed during the experimental tests based on the Taguchi’s orthogonal array L27 (3^13). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the mathematical models obtained can adequately describe performance within the parameters of the factors considered. There was a good agreement between the experimental and predicted values in this study.
Effect of ecodesign practices on the financial performance of manufacturing f...Martin Otundo
The document is a research proposal that examines the effect of ecodesign practices on the financial performance of manufacturing firms in Mombasa County, Kenya. It begins with background information on ecodesign and financial performance measures. It then discusses the manufacturing industry in Kenya and issues of pollution from factories in Mombasa County. The research problem looks at the mixed results from previous studies on the link between environmental protection and firm performance. The objectives are to determine the adoption of ecodesign practices, challenges to adoption, and the relationship between adoption and financial performance. The value of the study is that it can help firms and inform public policy.
This document is a student paper that examines how small and medium enterprises (SMEs) develop green entrepreneurship practices. It analyzes SME strategies related to energy upgrades and environmental protection. The paper reviews literature on green design, processes, logistics and factors that support long-term green entrepreneurship plans. Data comes from a survey of 100 SMEs in Greece. The paper finds that while SMEs contribute significantly to pollution, research shows their environmental practices vary greatly depending on their sector, characteristics and country.
Effects of the External (Macro) And Internal (Micro) Source (Factors) of Inno...inventionjournals
In an attempt to use the resource-based theoretical approach, this article tried to empirically investigate the influence and impact of theinternal (micro) and external (macro) environmental factors of innovation performance using a sample of small and medium sized firms in the telecommunication cluster in Ghana with the main focus on examining variables such as customer inputs, the intensive role of R&D, cooperative networks, the uncertain environment and the complex environment of the firm. A sample of 31 SMEs in the telecommunication cluster was selected with 109 questionnaires administered. The results indicate that the macro environmental sources as cooperative network and customer inputs actually impact positively on the innovation performance of SMEs in the communication cluster in Ghana. However, firm size, network size and complex environment were shown to be negatively related to firm innovation performance.
Transfer of Environmentally Sound Technologies: Identifying the Hierarchy and...scmsnoida5
The application of new, resource efficient
Environmentally Sound Technologies (ESTs) has
become crucial for both development and the
environment. Technology transfer is most
fundamentally complex process of learning and the
effective transfer is not possible until all the factors
related to transfer process is well understood. Present
paper aims to understand Hierarchy and interrelationship
among barriers to the process of adoption
of environmentally sound technologies using an
interpretive structural modelling (ISM) technique. The
paper will reveal how ISM supports policy planners
and implementing agencies in recognizing and
exploring interdependencies among barriers to EST.
The main findings of the paper contain the
development of Hierarchy and inter-relationship of
barriers to EST adoption with ISM model. The
identified barriers are divided into five blocks of
Hierarchy that display their inter-relationship depicting
the driving-dependence relationship. This academic
exercise of ISM model development is expected to
direct a way forward to the policy planners, makers
and implementers to leverage their resources
optimally with effective adoption of EST.
This document summarizes research on the adoption of advanced environmental technologies in the Nigerian pulp and paper industry and the relationship to corporate financial performance. The research involved interviews with executives from five pulp and paper firms in Nigeria. The findings suggest a positive relationship between the use of cleaner technologies and financial performance of these African industrial firms. The firms had moved beyond end-of-pipe technologies to implement cleaner production processes and principles of industrial ecology, improving both efficiency and profitability. The research was aimed at generating a grounded theory on the drivers of adopting advanced environmental technologies in developing countries like Nigeria and their impact on competitiveness.
The document summarizes the results of a study examining green entrepreneurship among SMEs in Greece. It includes 10 hypotheses related to SMEs' ability to incorporate green strategies and the factors influencing their greening process. The methodology section describes a survey of Greek professionals to collect data. The results section outlines the findings for each hypothesis. It found that SMEs can incorporate green strategies and consumers are willing to pay more for green products. European funding was found to positively influence greening processes, while the relationship between firm size/turnover and greening was inconclusive. Government support for greening efforts was found to have some positive but also insignificant relationships.
Environmental Cost Disclosure and Corporate Performance of Quoted Foods and B...YogeshIJTSRD
This study examined the effect of environmental cost disclosure on the performance of quoted food and beverage firms in Nigeria. Specifically, it analyzed how environmental restoration costs and pollution control costs impact return on assets. The study utilized a sample of 9 food and beverage firms out of 12 total. Data was collected from 2010 to 2019 and analyzed using multiple linear regression. The results showed that environmental restoration costs and pollution control costs did not have a significant effect on return on assets. Therefore, it was recommended that firms implement greener techniques to both protect the environment and increase return on assets.
Board Attributes and Sustainability Disclosure of Quoted Companies in the Bui...ijtsrd
The study examined the effect which board attributes, namely board size, board independence and board diligence meeting have on sustainability disclosure of industrial goods firms in Nigeria. The study is based on a sample of nine listed building material companies under industrial goods sector in Nigeria Exchange Group Plc from 2012 2019. Collected data were analyzed with pooled ordinary least square regression including diagnostic test to confirm the assumptions of the regression. The empirical result indicates that board size has positive and significant effect on sustainability disclosures. Board independence and board diligence have positive but insignificant influence on sustainability disclosures on listed building g material firms in Nigeria. Findings of the study have important policy implications that corporate board attributes can reduce information asymmetry between firm management and investors through sustainability disclosures thereby showing increase concern for stakeholders. The study recommends that regulatory bodies should ensure that all listed firms should comply with the requirements of having sufficient members on the board as specified on the Nigerian Code of Corporate Governance 2018 and Companies and Allied Matters Act 2020 . Emeka Nwokeji N. A | Ohajiano Nwannekalecturer | Agubata N. S "Board Attributes and Sustainability Disclosure of Quoted Companies in the Building Material Sub-Sector of Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-1 , December 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47904.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/47904/board-attributes-and-sustainability-disclosure-of-quoted-companies-in-the-building-material-subsector-of-nigeria/emeka-nwokeji-n-a
This study examines industrial symbiosis in the forestry sector of southern Brazil. The researchers conducted interviews and a questionnaire with 24 companies involved in wood processing to analyze waste streams, commercial relationships, and sustainability impacts. They found that companies participate in a symbiotic network mainly involving the exchange of wood chips, bark, sawdust, and shavings between nearby companies. Most exchanges occur less than 68 km apart, constituting an extensive industrial ecosystem. The researchers calculated an Industrial Symbiosis Indicator to represent the level of symbiosis and found benefits in the environmental, economic, and social dimensions. The network has expanded waste exchange and cooperation over time.
Imperative of Environmental Cost on Equity and Assets of Quoted Manufacturing...ijtsrd
This study examine the imperative of environmental cost on equity and assets of quoted manufacturing firms in Nigeria. The study adopts ex post facto, content analysis and regression research design. The research adopts secondary source of data in obtaining all the data needed for the study, extracted from the audited financial statements of the sampled manufacturing firms, which is meticulously examined and relevant data extracted from the period of 2011 2018 for analysis, in line with the main objective. Hypothesis is tested and the results reveals that environmental cost has a significant effect on return on equity and return on assets of quoted manufacturing firms in Nigeria. In consonance with this study's findings, it is recommended that, Firms in Nigeria should invest reasonable amount on environmental issues and report same in their financial reports for the various stakeholders to see. This will create a good relationship with the host community which will enable growth in production and increase in turnover. Dr. Odogu, Laime Isaac | Dadiowei, Opritari Maxwell "Imperative of Environmental Cost on Equity and Assets of Quoted Manufacturing Firms in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-4, August 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd59695.pdf Paper Url:https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/59695/imperative-of-environmental-cost-on-equity-and-assets-of-quoted-manufacturing-firms-in-nigeria/dr-odogu-laime-isaac
This document summarizes a research article that examines the effect of circular economy and green management practices on firm growth performance through innovation. The study analyzes survey responses from 403 manufacturing companies. While innovation was found to highly impact firm growth, green management had a limited effect. The circular economy did not significantly affect growth, either positively or negatively. The document provides background on concepts like the circular economy, green management, and their relationship to sustainability, innovation and industry 4.0.
Application of an integrative approach for municipal solid waste management a...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes an article that assesses municipal solid waste management in Abuja, Nigeria and Putrajaya, Malaysia using an integrated solid waste management system approach. The study aims to adopt a conceptual model for efficient and sustainable solid waste management in Abuja based on comparing it to Putrajaya. The integrated solid waste management system recognizes three important dimensions: stakeholders, waste system elements like collection and disposal, and sustainability.
The current study investigates the impact of environmental sustainability government initiatives (ESGI), social platform influence (SPI), environment awareness (EA), and environment consciousness (EC) on green practices (GP). Data were collected using a self-administered survey targeting Gen Z consumers. A total of 354 responses were analyzed using the partial least square structural equational modeling (PLS-SEM). The results reveal that SPI, EA, and EC have a significant positive impact on GP, while ESGI does not affect GP. The study also examines the mediating role of EC and EA in the adoption/implementation of green practices. Further, the moderating influence of gender was also found in the model. The study highlights the importance of SPI and its effect on the green practices of Gen Z, which will guide businesses and marketers in promoting their green initiative.
The current study investigates the impact of environmental sustainability government initiatives (ESGI), social platform influence (SPI), environment awareness (EA), and environment consciousness (EC) on green practices (GP). Data were collected using a self-administered survey targeting Gen Z consumers. A total of 354 responses were analyzed using the partial least square structural equational modeling (PLS-SEM). The results reveal that SPI, EA, and EC have a significant positive impact on GP, while ESGI does not affect GP. The study also examines the mediating role of EC and EA in the adoption/implementation of green practices. Further, the moderating influence of gender was also found in the model. The study highlights the importance of SPI and its effect on the green practices of Gen Z, which will guide businesses and marketers in promoting their green initiative.
The study investigates the analysis on the relationship between green accounting and green design for enterprise. Expost-facto research design was use for the study. The secondary data used in the study covered a period of 10 years (2011-2020) and were sources from Business record of vital foam Nig. Ltd, the data were analyze using multiplied linear regression. From the analysis of the data and test of hypothesis result show green accounting and green design for enterprise have both positive and negative effect on the enterprise but due to external and internal factors. It is on this account that the study therefore recommend that enterprise should make sure they have appropriate and well designed green accounting design to be able to stand the test of time.
Pathways to Zero Waste in India (by Ashish Chaturvedi Research Fellow Green T...NITI Aayog
1) The document summarizes a seminar on conceptualizing zero waste in India under the Swachh Bharat initiative.
2) It discusses different pathways for achieving zero waste, including a technology-focused "techno-nirvana" approach and a more inclusive "green transformations" approach valuing decentralized infrastructure and jobs in the informal sector.
3) Key implications for designing and implementing Swachh Bharat discussed are the importance of source segregation, developing decentralized recovery facilities, consistent local government approaches, engaging a broad set of stakeholders, and exploring waste-to-energy options like co-incineration in cement kilns.
The document discusses cross-functional integration in the sustainable new product development process and examines the role of the environmental specialist. It finds that integrating an environmental specialist into new product teams has a positive influence on sustainable new product project performance. The influence is strongest in the later commercialization stage of development and even greater for high-innovative projects. The study is based on a sample of 219 firms across various industries.
Environmental scanning an imperative for business survival and growth in nigeriaAlexander Decker
This document discusses environmental scanning, which refers to carefully examining the external environment to identify opportunities and threats for business survival and growth. It finds that environmental scanning is critical for business success globally and in Nigeria. Nigerian managers with higher education are more likely to scan the environment. Customers and competitors are the most unpredictable environmental factors but are also the most important to monitor. The document examines theories and models of environmental scanning and argues that continuously monitoring the external environment is important for organizations to adapt to changes and maintain competitiveness.
A REVIEW ON THE SUCCESS FACTORS FOR COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN SOLID WASTE MA...Kelly Lipiec
Community participation is key to the success of solid waste management. Effective communication among
stakeholders and welcoming new community participants are important success factors. Communication allows
understanding of issues to develop and identification of conflicts. Welcoming participants openly and valuing their
contributions encourages ongoing involvement.
This document provides an overview of systems approaches to addressing complex public sector challenges. It discusses the need for systems thinking given increasing complexity in policy issues. Traditional linear and sectoral approaches are often inadequate for "wicked problems" that have many interconnected elements. The document then outlines some of the challenges of using systems approaches in the public sector, such as the difficulty of changing systems that must continue operating. It provides examples of systems approaches being used for issues like child protection, domestic violence, and transportation. The key is focusing on outcomes, bringing together multiple actors, and implementing interventions to transform existing systems into desired future systems. Case studies and emerging evidence suggest systems approaches have potential but also face challenges in public sector contexts.
Submission Deadline: 30th September 2022
Acceptance Notification: Within Three Days’ time period
Online Publication: Within 24 Hrs. time Period
Expected Date of Dispatch of Printed Journal: 5th October 2022
MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND WHITE LATER THICKNESS IN WIRE-...IAEME Publication
White layer thickness (WLT) formed and surface roughness in wire electric discharge turning (WEDT) of tungsten carbide composite has been made to model through response surface methodology (RSM). A Taguchi’s standard Design of experiments involving five input variables with three levels has been employed to establish a mathematical model between input parameters and responses. Percentage of cobalt content, spindle speed, Pulse on-time, wire feed and pulse off-time were changed during the experimental tests based on the Taguchi’s orthogonal array L27 (3^13). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the mathematical models obtained can adequately describe performance within the parameters of the factors considered. There was a good agreement between the experimental and predicted values in this study.
A STUDY ON THE REASONS FOR TRANSGENDER TO BECOME ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
The study explores the reasons for a transgender to become entrepreneurs. In this study transgender entrepreneur was taken as independent variable and reasons to become as dependent variable. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire containing a five point Likert Scale. The study examined the data of 30 transgender entrepreneurs in Salem Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State, India. Simple Random sampling technique was used. Garrett Ranking Technique (Percentile Position, Mean Scores) was used as the analysis for the present study to identify the top 13 stimulus factors for establishment of trans entrepreneurial venture. Economic advancement of a nation is governed upon the upshot of a resolute entrepreneurial doings. The conception of entrepreneurship has stretched and materialized to the socially deflated uncharted sections of transgender community. Presently transgenders have smashed their stereotypes and are making recent headlines of achievements in various fields of our Indian society. The trans-community is gradually being observed in a new light and has been trying to achieve prospective growth in entrepreneurship. The findings of the research revealed that the optimistic changes are taking place to change affirmative societal outlook of the transgender for entrepreneurial ventureship. It also laid emphasis on other transgenders to renovate their traditional living. The paper also highlights that legislators, supervisory body should endorse an impartial canons and reforms in Tamil Nadu Transgender Welfare Board Association.
BROAD UNEXPOSED SKILLS OF TRANSGENDER ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
Since ages gender difference is always a debatable theme whether caused by nature, evolution or environment. The birth of a transgender is dreadful not only for the child but also for their parents. The pain of living in the wrong physique and treated as second class victimized citizen is outrageous and fully harboured with vicious baseless negative scruples. For so long, social exclusion had perpetuated inequality and deprivation experiencing ingrained malign stigma and besieged victims of crime or violence across their life spans. They are pushed into the murky way of life with a source of eternal disgust, bereft sexual potency and perennial fear. Although they are highly visible but very little is known about them. The common public needs to comprehend the ravaged arrogance on these insensitive souls and assist in integrating them into the mainstream by offering equal opportunity, treat with humanity and respect their dignity. Entrepreneurship in the current age is endorsing the gender fairness movement. Unstable careers and economic inadequacy had inclined one of the gender variant people called Transgender to become entrepreneurs. These tiny budding entrepreneurs resulted in economic transition by means of employment, free from the clutches of stereotype jobs, raised standard of living and handful of financial empowerment. Besides all these inhibitions, they were able to witness a platform for skill set development that ignited them to enter into entrepreneurial domain. This paper epitomizes skill sets involved in trans-entrepreneurs of Thoothukudi Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State and is a groundbreaking determination to sightsee various skills incorporated and the impact on entrepreneurship.
DETERMINANTS AFFECTING THE USER'S INTENTION TO USE MOBILE BANKING APPLICATIONSIAEME Publication
The banking and financial services industries are experiencing increased technology penetration. Among them, the banking industry has made technological advancements to better serve the general populace. The economy focused on transforming the banking sector's system into a cashless, paperless, and faceless one. The researcher wants to evaluate the user's intention for utilising a mobile banking application. The study also examines the variables affecting the user's behaviour intention when selecting specific applications for financial transactions. The researcher employed a well-structured questionnaire and a descriptive study methodology to gather the respondents' primary data utilising the snowball sampling technique. The study includes variables like performance expectations, effort expectations, social impact, enabling circumstances, and perceived risk. Each of the aforementioned variables has a major impact on how users utilise mobile banking applications. The outcome will assist the service provider in comprehending the user's history with mobile banking applications.
ANALYSE THE USER PREDILECTION ON GPAY AND PHONEPE FOR DIGITAL TRANSACTIONSIAEME Publication
Technology upgradation in banking sector took the economy to view that payment mode towards online transactions using mobile applications. This system enabled connectivity between banks, Merchant and user in a convenient mode. there are various applications used for online transactions such as Google pay, Paytm, freecharge, mobikiwi, oxygen, phonepe and so on and it also includes mobile banking applications. The study aimed at evaluating the predilection of the user in adopting digital transaction. The study is descriptive in nature. The researcher used random sample techniques to collect the data. The findings reveal that mobile applications differ with the quality of service rendered by Gpay and Phonepe. The researcher suggest the Phonepe application should focus on implementing the application should be user friendly interface and Gpay on motivating the users to feel the importance of request for money and modes of payments in the application.
VOICE BASED ATM FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED USING ARDUINOIAEME Publication
The prototype of a voice-based ATM for visually impaired using Arduino is to help people who are blind. This uses RFID cards which contain users fingerprint encrypted on it and interacts with the users through voice commands. ATM operates when sensor detects the presence of one person in the cabin. After scanning the RFID card, it will ask to select the mode like –normal or blind. User can select the respective mode through voice input, if blind mode is selected the balance check or cash withdraw can be done through voice input. Normal mode procedure is same as the existing ATM.
IMPACT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE ON HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AMONG...IAEME Publication
There is increasing acceptability of emotional intelligence as a major factor in personality assessment and effective human resource management. Emotional intelligence as the ability to build capacity, empathize, co-operate, motivate and develop others cannot be divorced from both effective performance and human resource management systems. The human person is crucial in defining organizational leadership and fortunes in terms of challenges and opportunities and walking across both multinational and bilateral relationships. The growing complexity of the business world requires a great deal of self-confidence, integrity, communication, conflict and diversity management to keep the global enterprise within the paths of productivity and sustainability. Using the exploratory research design and 255 participants the result of this original study indicates strong positive correlation between emotional intelligence and effective human resource management. The paper offers suggestions on further studies between emotional intelligence and human capital development and recommends for conflict management as an integral part of effective human resource management.
VISUALISING AGING PARENTS & THEIR CLOSE CARERS LIFE JOURNEY IN AGING ECONOMYIAEME Publication
Our life journey, in general, is closely defined by the way we understand the meaning of why we coexist and deal with its challenges. As we develop the "inspiration economy", we could say that nearly all of the challenges we have faced are opportunities that help us to discover the rest of our journey. In this note paper, we explore how being faced with the opportunity of being a close carer for an aging parent with dementia brought intangible discoveries that changed our insight of the meaning of the rest of our life journey.
A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PERFO...IAEME Publication
The main objective of this study is to analyze the impact of aspects of Organizational Culture on the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System (PMS) in the Health Care Organization at Thanjavur. Organizational Culture and PMS play a crucial role in present-day organizations in achieving their objectives. PMS needs employees’ cooperation to achieve its intended objectives. Employees' cooperation depends upon the organization’s culture. The present study uses exploratory research to examine the relationship between the Organization's culture and the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System. The study uses a Structured Questionnaire to collect the primary data. For this study, Thirty-six non-clinical employees were selected from twelve randomly selected Health Care organizations at Thanjavur. Thirty-two fully completed questionnaires were received.
Living in 21st century in itself reminds all of us the necessity of police and its administration. As more and more we are entering into the modern society and culture, the more we require the services of the so called ‘Khaki Worthy’ men i.e., the police personnel. Whether we talk of Indian police or the other nation’s police, they all have the same recognition as they have in India. But as already mentioned, their services and requirements are different after the like 26th November, 2008 incidents, where they without saving their own lives has sacrificed themselves without any hitch and without caring about their respective family members and wards. In other words, they are like our heroes and mentors who can guide us from the darkness of fear, militancy, corruption and other dark sides of life and so on. Now the question arises, if Gandhi would have been alive today, what would have been his reaction/opinion to the police and its functioning? Would he have some thing different in his mind now what he had been in his mind before the partition or would he be going to start some Satyagraha in the form of some improvement in the functioning of the police administration? Really these questions or rather night mares can come to any one’s mind, when there is too much confusion is prevailing in our minds, when there is too much corruption in the society and when the polices working is also in the questioning because of one or the other case throughout the India. It is matter of great concern that we have to thing over our administration and our practical approach because the police personals are also like us, they are part and parcel of our society and among one of us, so why we all are pin pointing towards them.
A STUDY ON TALENT MANAGEMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON EMPLOYEE RETENTION IN SELECTED...IAEME Publication
The goal of this study was to see how talent management affected employee retention in the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The fundamental issue was the difficulty to attract, hire, and retain talented personnel who perform well and the gap between supply and demand of talent acquisition and retaining them within the firms. The study's main goals were to determine the impact of talent management on employee retention in IT companies in Chennai, investigate talent management strategies that IT companies could use to improve talent acquisition, performance management, career planning and formulate retention strategies that the IT firms could use. The respondents were given a structured close-ended questionnaire with the 5 Point Likert Scale as part of the study's quantitative research design. The target population consisted of 289 IT professionals. The questionnaires were distributed and collected by the researcher directly. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to collect and analyse the questionnaire responses. Hypotheses that were formulated for the various areas of the study were tested using a variety of statistical tests. The key findings of the study suggested that talent management had an impact on employee retention. The studies also found that there is a clear link between the implementation of talent management and retention measures. Management should provide enough training and development for employees, clarify job responsibilities, provide adequate remuneration packages, and recognise employees for exceptional performance.
ATTRITION IN THE IT INDUSTRY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: LINKING EMOTIONAL INTE...IAEME Publication
Globally, Millions of dollars were spent by the organizations for employing skilled Information Technology (IT) professionals. It is costly to replace unskilled employees with IT professionals possessing technical skills and competencies that aid in interconnecting the business processes. The organization’s employment tactics were forced to alter by globalization along with technological innovations as they consistently diminish to remain lean, outsource to concentrate on core competencies along with restructuring/reallocate personnel to gather efficiency. As other jobs, organizations or professions have become reasonably more appropriate in a shifting employment landscape, the above alterations trigger both involuntary as well as voluntary turnover. The employee view on jobs is also afflicted by the COVID-19 pandemic along with the employee-driven labour market. So, having effective strategies is necessary to tackle the withdrawal rate of employees. By associating Emotional Intelligence (EI) along with Talent Management (TM) in the IT industry, the rise in attrition rate was analyzed in this study. Only 303 respondents were collected out of 350 participants to whom questionnaires were distributed. From the employees of IT organizations located in Bangalore (India), the data were congregated. A simple random sampling methodology was employed to congregate data as of the respondents. Generating the hypothesis along with testing is eventuated. The effect of EI and TM along with regression analysis between TM and EI was analyzed. The outcomes indicated that employee and Organizational Performance (OP) were elevated by effective EI along with TM.
INFLUENCE OF TALENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE A STUD...IAEME Publication
By implementing talent management strategy, organizations would have the option to retain their skilled professionals while additionally working on their overall performance. It is the course of appropriately utilizing the ideal individuals, setting them up for future top positions, exploring and dealing with their performance, and holding them back from leaving the organization. It is employee performance that determines the success of every organization. The firm quickly obtains an upper hand over its rivals in the event that its employees having particular skills that cannot be duplicated by the competitors. Thus, firms are centred on creating successful talent management practices and processes to deal with the unique human resources. Firms are additionally endeavouring to keep their top/key staff since on the off chance that they leave; the whole store of information leaves the firm's hands. The study's objective was to determine the impact of talent management on organizational performance among the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The study recommends that talent management limitedly affects performance. On the off chance that this talent is appropriately management and implemented properly, organizations might benefit as much as possible from their maintained assets to support development and productivity, both monetarily and non-monetarily.
A STUDY OF VARIOUS TYPES OF LOANS OF SELECTED PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS...IAEME Publication
Banking regulations act of India, 1949 defines banking as “acceptance of deposits for the purpose of lending or investment from the public, repayment on demand or otherwise and withdrawable through cheques, drafts order or otherwise”, the major participants of the Indian financial system are commercial banks, the financial institution encompassing term lending institutions. Investments institutions, specialized financial institution and the state level development banks, non banking financial companies (NBFC) and other market intermediaries such has the stock brokers and money lenders are among the oldest of the certain variants of NBFC and the oldest market participants. The asset quality of banks is one of the most important indicators of their financial health. The Indian banking sector has been facing severe problems of increasing Non- Performing Assets (NPAs). The NPAs growth directly and indirectly affects the quality of assets and profitability of banks. It also shows the efficiency of banks credit risk management and the recovery effectiveness. NPA do not generate any income, whereas, the bank is required to make provisions for such as assets that why is a double edge weapon. This paper outlines the concept of quality of bank loans of different types like Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of selected public and private sector banks. This study is highlighting problems associated with the role of commercial bank in financing Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SME). The overall objective of the research was to assess the effect of the financing provisions existing for the setting up and operations of MSMEs in the country and to generate recommendations for more robust financing mechanisms for successful operation of the MSMEs, in turn understanding the impact of MSME loans on financial institutions due to NPA. There are many research conducted on the topic of Non- Performing Assets (NPA) Management, concerning particular bank, comparative study of public and private banks etc. In this paper the researcher is considering the aggregate data of selected public sector and private sector banks and attempts to compare the NPA of Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of public and private sector banks. The tools used in the study are average and Anova test and variance. The findings reveal that NPA is common problem for both public and private sector banks and is associated with all types of loans either that is housing loans, agriculture loans and loans to SMES. NPAs of both public and private sector banks show the increasing trend. In 2010-11 GNPA of public and private sector were at same level it was 2% but after 2010-11 it increased in many fold and at present there is GNPA in some more than 15%. It shows the dark area of Indian banking sector.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF MECHANICAL AND TRIBOLOGICAL RELATION OF NYLON/BaSO4 POL...IAEME Publication
An experiment conducted in this study found that BaSO4 changed Nylon 6's mechanical properties. By changing the weight ratios, BaSO4 was used to make Nylon 6. This Researcher looked into how hard Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites are and how well they wear. Experiments were done based on Taguchi design L9. Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites can be tested for their hardness number using a Rockwell hardness testing apparatus. On Nylon/BaSO4, the wear behavior was measured by a wear monitor, pinon-disc friction by varying reinforcement, sliding speed, and sliding distance, and the microstructure of the crack surfaces was observed by SEM. This study provides significant contributions to ultimate strength by increasing BaSO4 content up to 16% in the composites, and sliding speed contributes 72.45% to the wear rate
ROLE OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT OF INDIA - PROBLEMS AND ...IAEME Publication
The majority of the population in India lives in villages. The village is the back bone of the country. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Developing the rural economy is one of the key indicators towards a country’s success. Whether it be the need to look after the welfare of the farmers or invest in rural infrastructure, Governments have to ensure that rural development isn’t compromised. The economic development of our country largely depends on the progress of rural areas and the standard of living of rural masses. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Rural entrepreneurship is based on stimulating local entrepreneurial talent and the subsequent growth of indigenous enterprises. It recognizes opportunity in the rural areas and accelerates a unique blend of resources either inside or outside of agriculture. Rural entrepreneurship brings an economic value to the rural sector by creating new methods of production, new markets, new products and generate employment opportunities thereby ensuring continuous rural development. Social Entrepreneurship has the direct and primary objective of serving the society along with the earning profits. So, social entrepreneurship is different from the economic entrepreneurship as its basic objective is not to earn profits but for providing innovative solutions to meet the society needs which are not taken care by majority of the entrepreneurs as they are in the business for profit making as a sole objective. So, the Social Entrepreneurs have the huge growth potential particularly in the developing countries like India where we have huge societal disparities in terms of the financial positions of the population. Still 22 percent of the Indian population is below the poverty line and also there is disparity among the rural & urban population in terms of families living under BPL. 25.7 percent of the rural population & 13.7 percent of the urban population is under BPL which clearly shows the disparity of the poor people in the rural and urban areas. The need to develop social entrepreneurship in agriculture is dictated by a large number of social problems. Such problems include low living standards, unemployment, and social tension. The reasons that led to the emergence of the practice of social entrepreneurship are the above factors. The research problem lays upon disclosing the importance of role of social entrepreneurship in rural development of India. The paper the tendencies of social entrepreneurship in India, to present successful examples of such business for providing recommendations how to improve situation in rural areas in terms of social entrepreneurship development. Indian government has made some steps towards development of social enterprises, social entrepreneurship, and social in- novation, but a lot remains to be improved.
OPTIMAL RECONFIGURATION OF POWER DISTRIBUTION RADIAL NETWORK USING HYBRID MET...IAEME Publication
Distribution system is a critical link between the electric power distributor and the consumers. Most of the distribution networks commonly used by the electric utility is the radial distribution network. However in this type of network, it has technical issues such as enormous power losses which affect the quality of the supply. Nowadays, the introduction of Distributed Generation (DG) units in the system help improve and support the voltage profile of the network as well as the performance of the system components through power loss mitigation. In this study network reconfiguration was done using two meta-heuristic algorithms Particle Swarm Optimization and Gravitational Search Algorithm (PSO-GSA) to enhance power quality and voltage profile in the system when simultaneously applied with the DG units. Backward/Forward Sweep Method was used in the load flow analysis and simulated using the MATLAB program. Five cases were considered in the Reconfiguration based on the contribution of DG units. The proposed method was tested using IEEE 33 bus system. Based on the results, there was a voltage profile improvement in the system from 0.9038 p.u. to 0.9594 p.u.. The integration of DG in the network also reduced power losses from 210.98 kW to 69.3963 kW. Simulated results are drawn to show the performance of each case.
APPLICATION OF FRUGAL APPROACH FOR PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT - A CASE STUDY OF...IAEME Publication
Manufacturing industries have witnessed an outburst in productivity. For productivity improvement manufacturing industries are taking various initiatives by using lean tools and techniques. However, in different manufacturing industries, frugal approach is applied in product design and services as a tool for improvement. Frugal approach contributed to prove less is more and seems indirectly contributing to improve productivity. Hence, there is need to understand status of frugal approach application in manufacturing industries. All manufacturing industries are trying hard and putting continuous efforts for competitive existence. For productivity improvements, manufacturing industries are coming up with different effective and efficient solutions in manufacturing processes and operations. To overcome current challenges, manufacturing industries have started using frugal approach in product design and services. For this study, methodology adopted with both primary and secondary sources of data. For primary source interview and observation technique is used and for secondary source review has done based on available literatures in website, printed magazines, manual etc. An attempt has made for understanding application of frugal approach with the study of manufacturing industry project. Manufacturing industry selected for this project study is Mahindra and Mahindra Ltd. This paper will help researcher to find the connections between the two concepts productivity improvement and frugal approach. This paper will help to understand significance of frugal approach for productivity improvement in manufacturing industry. This will also help to understand current scenario of frugal approach in manufacturing industry. In manufacturing industries various process are involved to deliver the final product. In the process of converting input in to output through manufacturing process productivity plays very critical role. Hence this study will help to evolve status of frugal approach in productivity improvement programme. The notion of frugal can be viewed as an approach towards productivity improvement in manufacturing industries.
A MULTIPLE – CHANNEL QUEUING MODELS ON FUZZY ENVIRONMENTIAEME Publication
In this paper, we investigated a queuing model of fuzzy environment-based a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) and study its performance under realistic conditions. It applies a nonagonal fuzzy number to analyse the relevant performance of a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS). Based on the sub interval average ranking method for nonagonal fuzzy number, we convert fuzzy number to crisp one. Numerical results reveal that the efficiency of this method. Intuitively, the fuzzy environment adapts well to a multiple channel queuing models (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) are very well.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
An improved modulation technique suitable for a three level flying capacitor ...IJECEIAES
This research paper introduces an innovative modulation technique for controlling a 3-level flying capacitor multilevel inverter (FCMLI), aiming to streamline the modulation process in contrast to conventional methods. The proposed
simplified modulation technique paves the way for more straightforward and
efficient control of multilevel inverters, enabling their widespread adoption and
integration into modern power electronic systems. Through the amalgamation of
sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) with a high-frequency square wave
pulse, this controlling technique attains energy equilibrium across the coupling
capacitor. The modulation scheme incorporates a simplified switching pattern
and a decreased count of voltage references, thereby simplifying the control
algorithm.
Software Engineering and Project Management - Introduction, Modeling Concepts...Prakhyath Rai
Introduction, Modeling Concepts and Class Modeling: What is Object orientation? What is OO development? OO Themes; Evidence for usefulness of OO development; OO modeling history. Modeling
as Design technique: Modeling, abstraction, The Three models. Class Modeling: Object and Class Concept, Link and associations concepts, Generalization and Inheritance, A sample class model, Navigation of class models, and UML diagrams
Building the Analysis Models: Requirement Analysis, Analysis Model Approaches, Data modeling Concepts, Object Oriented Analysis, Scenario-Based Modeling, Flow-Oriented Modeling, class Based Modeling, Creating a Behavioral Model.
Batteries -Introduction – Types of Batteries – discharging and charging of battery - characteristics of battery –battery rating- various tests on battery- – Primary battery: silver button cell- Secondary battery :Ni-Cd battery-modern battery: lithium ion battery-maintenance of batteries-choices of batteries for electric vehicle applications.
Fuel Cells: Introduction- importance and classification of fuel cells - description, principle, components, applications of fuel cells: H2-O2 fuel cell, alkaline fuel cell, molten carbonate fuel cell and direct methanol fuel cells.
artificial intelligence and data science contents.pptxGauravCar
What is artificial intelligence? Artificial intelligence is the ability of a computer or computer-controlled robot to perform tasks that are commonly associated with the intellectual processes characteristic of humans, such as the ability to reason.
› ...
Artificial intelligence (AI) | Definitio
2. Achieving Zero Waste Operation in a Private Organisation through Extended Stakeholders
Consultation: A Case in the Niger Delta Region, Nigeria
http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/index.asp 156 editor@iaeme.com
caption of zero waste, intended to strive to reuse all wastes, the development of further values
from these waste items (Ghadban, Shames, & Mayaleh, 2017; Oladipo, Olorunfemi, Adetoro,
& Oladele, 2017)
The concept of zero waste has popularity among researchers and practitioners both in the
public and private sectors in Nigeria (Greedy, 2016), Researchers have termed zero waste by
different names such as ‘waste recycle’, ‘transforming waste to wealth’, and ‘minimising
waste’ (Kang & Schoenung, 2005; Metin, Erozturk, & Neyim, 2003; Onwurah, Ogugua, &
Otitoju, 2006; Kuehr, 2007; Marques, et al., 2014). While these names could be due to
differences in context under which subject is viewed, the overriding similarity in their aim for
zero waste practice among these researchers range from minimising operational wastes to
addressing the challenge of reducing the amount of waste sent to the land fill (Henningsson,
Hyde, Smith, & Campbell, 2004; Kang & Schoenung, 2005; Sasakia, Arakia, Tambunanb, &
Prasadja, 2014).
Many researchers base their research work on the public sector, exploring the subject of
zero waste on how the government manage societal wastes, and the input of the households in
environmental cleaning for habitable society (Danso, Drechsel, Fialor, & Giordano, 2006;
Troschinetz & Mihelcic, 2009; Zhang, Keat, & Gersberg, 2010; Jack, Coles, & Piterou, 2016;
Escutia, 2017; Gutberlet, et al., 2017).
This research paper explores zero waste in the private sector operations and its effects on
the affected stakeholders in an operational process. This is aimed to engage these stakeholders
to jointly identify and address waste issues.
The next section presents a further literature review on zero waste and stakeholders
involvement. This is followed by a presentation on the methodology used in the research.
Next is the presentation of key waste issues identified in the research process. Finally, the
discussion and conclusion.
2. ZERO WASTE AND STAKEHOLDERS’ INVOLVEMENT IN THE
PRIVATE SECTOR
In most private sector organisational systems, wastes items are generated from operations,
whether production or service organisations, pursue it set goals. Organisational wastes are
classified into two, the tangible wastes and intangible wastes. Examples of tangible wastes
are: expired materials, broken machine parts, etc. Examples of intangible waste are wasted
time, purchasing power waste, waste due to incompetent personnel. All these wastes portray
non-value adding features, such as monetary losses, hindrances to smooth operation to the
operational process (Serpell, Venturi, & Contreras, 1995; Womack & Jones, 1996; Munguía,
et al., 2018).
The possibility of keeping an absolute waste-free operational process, though has
remained continuous pursuit among organisations, tends to be a herculean task for managers
in the private sector (Suzaki, 1987). Sometimes, in order to secure an un-hindered operational
process flow, some waste might be kept within the operational system, due to forces from the
environment affecting, though such waste items do not command real values within the
system (Gulyani, 2001; Arnheiter & Maleyeff, 2005). Similarly, (Rawabdeh, 2005)
recognises the challenge involved in searching for waste in an operational system, observing
that all wastes items in an operational system were originally introduced for some purpose/s,
noting that the attempt to remove can pose the danger of destructive effects to other parts of
the entire system.
There is a wide difficulty in arriving at a sustainable understanding of waste over a
significant period of time. An identified item of waste in an operational system today can
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change into an asset of value in the near future, due to the volatile nature of changes in
environmental priorities, such as customer and other stakeholder requirements or perception,
and the emergence of new business opportunities (Ufua, 2015; Ufua, Papadoupoloulos, &
Midgley, 2018). This dilemma about waste calls for the involvement of the relevant
stakeholders to jointly determining the true meaning of waste and develop means to
management it (Matete & Trois, 2008; Antunes, Stave, Videira, & Santos, 2015).
Engaging these stakeholders would enforce pragmatic innovation, especially in an action
research process. This is based on the underpinning context, aimed to generate further values
from an earlier declared waste, via a zero waste thinking across an operational structure and
the stakeholders (Joseph, 2006). Engaging stakeholders in the implementation of zero waste is
also aimed at developing a holistic approach to reducing the pollutants effects within and
around the organisation, and emanating from the landfill sites, and helps to avoid the
incineration of waste (Caniato, Tudor, & Vaccari, 2015; Lieder & Rashid, 2016). The affected
stakeholders view the subject of waste from different perspectives and using different frames.
However, zero waste practice in an operational provides the needed support, especially with
the inclusion of all the affected stakeholders.
Stakeholders’ involvement in the pursuit of zero waste could pose significant challenge,
especially among the internal organisation members (Guerrero, Maas, & Hogland, 2013).
Sometimes, these stakeholders share varied sentiments that may challenge the process of
implementing zero waste. This calls for harmonisation of thoughts and preferences of the
identified stakeholders to avoid conflicting effects of zero waste practice (Poppendieck, 2002;
Roberts & Okereke, 2017).
3. METHODOLOGY
The paper applied an action research approach to explore the implementation of zero waste
and stakeholders’ consultation in a private organisation. The research applied a case study
organisation approach. This was to adequately source in-depth qualitative data from those
who are either involved or directly affected by the implementation of zero waste practice in
the organisation. An approval to carry out the study was secured from the management of the
case study organisation. The consent of all the identified stakeholder groups were also secured
in writing before the research was carried out. (Mingers & Gill, 1997; Midgley, 2000;
Midgley, Foote, Ahuriri-Driscoll, & Wood, 2007; Midgley, 2007) explain that, in most cases,
organisational problems do not fit exactly with a particular approach in terms of data
collection and analysis, suggesting a pluralist viewpoint that can be adequately applied in
studying an identified problematic situation in depth, and also assist in the needed learning
that can inform improvements. As a result of this, various data collection methods were
applied on complementary basis in the research process. These are discussed in the next
section.
4. METHODS
4.1. Interviews
Personal interviews with stakeholders were conducted at the beginning of the research as a
key element required to identify key zero waste issues. Initial interview data provided a basis
for grouping of issues and participants.(Olokundun et.al 2018) These case study organisation
members were asked about other relevant stakeholders that could be interviewed, especially
those who could have variant perspectives about their operations (Midgley & Milne, 1995;
Ufua, Papadoupoloulos, & Midgley, 2018). As a result, different participants’ groups, such as,
the government agency, host community, the input material suppliers and the downstream
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customers to the organisation were identified. Over 200 interviews were conducted. These
respondents were interviewed at different stages based on their relevance to the zero waste
issues identified in the research process See (Ufua, 2015; Ufua, Papadoupoloulos, & Midgley,
2018) .
4.2. Workshops
Workshops were organised to explore current operational processes, identify waste issues, and
deliberate on ways to address them. Workshop were organised with the affected stakeholders
(i.e. internal and external stakeholders). Over 25 workshops, lasting 78 minutes on average,
were conducted, covering a period of 8 months (see, Ufua, 2015; Ufua et al, 2018, for further
details).
5. THE CASE STUDY ORGANISATION
The case study organisation is a commercial live-stock farm in a rural community in the Niger
Delta region of southern Nigeria. It was registered in Nigeria, the year 2000. The
establishment of the farm was a part of the positive reaction by corporate entities and
individuals to invest in the agricultural sector, by the Federal Government of Nigeria. This
call was aimed to address the challenge of food security, provide employment opportunities
for many unemployed rural youth, boost this sector of the Nigerian economy.
Early on, the farm specialised in poultry, offering products such as broilers and table eggs
to customers. Later it diversified into other live-stock lines.
Among the case study organisation’s external stakeholders are the local community,
which mostly consists of subsistence farmers and traders. Other external stakeholders include
input material suppliers (e.g. those selling limestone, maize, sawdust and charcoal), all of
which are needed for the maintenance of the live-stock. The organisation also has a range of
wholesale and retail customers for the farm’s different products.
Internal stakeholders include the senior managers, who have oversight of the farm as a
whole; the middle managers and supervisors, who manage the different sections and the shop
floor workers.
The main sections are the Hatchery and Poultry production section, comprising of a Feed
Mill, a Fishery, a Piggery, a Snailery and a Cattle Ranch. The farm has a strong expansionary
mission, focused on meeting downstream market demands, which has led to continuous
diversification of product lines from the original broilers and eggs (see, Ufua,2015; Ufua et al,
2018, for earlier publications from the case study).
6. KEY ZERO WASTE ISSUES IDENTIFIED IN THE CASE STUDY
ORGANISATION
6.1. The issue of live-stock mortality
High rate of livestock mortality was a key issue identified by respondents, especially the
Junior staff who work in the various Pen houses where the livestock are kept in the
organisation. Although this issue has been known to the top management, the respondents
explained that live-stock mortality is a major obstacle to meeting downstream customers’
expectations. The claims of these junior staff were presented to some Middle Managers for
further comment (Layers, Broiler and Brooding departments). Whilst they recognised the
issue, they highlighted the complication involved in identifying the specific causes of
mortality. They noted that mortality is a company-wide challenge to their operations.
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The explanation of these middle managers necessitated a schedule of a meeting by the
researcher with the Assistant General Manager, who later approved a workshop on mortality
issues in the farm. Among the invited participants were the top management. Middle
managers and supervisors from each of the concerned departments (i.e. the Poultry section,
the Veterinary Consultants and the Parents Stock), were invited to attend.
The Middle managers from the production section (Brooding departments and Layers,
Broilers), honoured the invitation to participate in the workshop. Others included the
supervisors at Parent Stock, Pullet departments, and Abattoir. From the top management
cadre were; the Administrative Manager the Secretary to the General Manager, the Veterinary
Consultant and the Assistant General Manager.
At the session, which lasted two and a half hours, participants were given the opportunity
to express their opinions about the identified issues and make contributions on how to solve
the problem of mortality in the farm.
They highlighted that the farm has a live-stock mortality allowance of 5% (i.e. the
acceptable level of mortality in the farm, beyond which, it becomes a concern to the
organisation). They cited the ugly mortality experience that has been on a very high rate in the
farm, which affected several livestock departments, especially the poultry.
“This issue had adversely affected productivity in terms of meeting stakeholders’
requirements, especially the downstream customers who patronised the Broilers and Layers
sections of the farm” (Middle Manager at the Layers’ section).
The top management explained that trying to address the mortality issues had consumed a
large amount of resources, ranging from series of laboratory tests, investment in different
structural adjustment of Poultry, and changing the live-stock pen preparatory materials, yet
they persisted.
The Middle Managers (e.g. Layers and Broilers departments), explained that the alarming
rate of mortality problems could be as a result of live-stock feed supplied by external partners,
which they claimed were inadequate to effective live-stock nutritional needs in the farm. They
further explained that mortality can occur as a result of the volatile weather conditions and
neglect of daily operational standard procedures, such as the use of disinfectant foot dip at the
pens by all staff and visitors. They emphasised that these practices are useful in preventing
the spread of diseases that can easily result to live-stock mortality. See (Gunn, Heffernan,
Hall, McLeod, & Hovi, 2008; Nöremark, Frössling, & Lewerin, 2010; Gwyther , Williams,
Golyshin, Edwards-Jones, & Jones, 2011), for more details about the general use of bio
security in live-stock farming).
The Assistant General Manager commented that, the farm has developed a new plan to
produce key input materials (e.g. concentrate for live-stock feed), required for livestock
management internally. This is a resilient response to the challenge of mortality in the farm,
which he explained could assist the farm to gain further control over the processing and
quality of feed administered to live-stock. Participants also debated and agreed to start using
dead live-stock from the poultry to form part of raw materials used to prepare feed for the
piggery and fishery sections instead of sending them to the landfill. They noted that, if well
prepared under hygienic conditions, they are rich in the key nutrients needed to nurture live-
stock in these section of the farm. The cited that the piggery needed bone meal for calcium
development. They however cautioned that such effort, should be supervised by the
Veterinary Doctors to avoid further spread of diseases.
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6.2. The challenge of poor management of poultry waste disposal
From responses to interviews with members of the case study organisation, a key issue faced
by the organisation is live-stock waste disposal process. Live-stock dung is the excreta
(waste) passed by live-stock. It could be wet, in the case of Layers, Piggery or dry live-stock
dung (e.g. from Broilers). This challenge has resulted to conflict between the case study
organisation and the host community due to the pollutant odour from the live-stock waste
dumpsite that is located within the host community habitation. From further interviews with
the host community representative including the Secretary, the President and three other
members of their group, they acknowledged the benefits which the community has received
from the farm. “Generally, the company has impacted positively in our environment and has
resulted in further economic development to the communities” (Secretary to the host
community representative group).
However, these respondents stated that the establishment of the farm in their locality has
also resulted to challenges to their lives. They explained that the dumping of livestock waste
in in their locality poses a huge threat of health challenges to the entire community where the
case study organisation operates. They said that their wish to have economic development
should not compromise their environmental health needs, placed on high esteem in the entire
host community.
This identified issue was presented to the top management staff in a round of interviews
with the Administrative Manager, the General Accountant, and the Assistant General
Manager. In their response, they explained that the issues of livestock waste management
disposal sanction notice from the regulatory government agency, asking the farm to it urgent
attention of face government retributions.
The top had earlier moved the waste landfill to a new location, farther away, yet the
expected effects could not yield the required solution. The representatives of the host
community continued to express their dislike with the incidence of live-stock waste dumping
in their locality.
In a furtherance effort, the researcher got the approval from the case study organisation to
meet the relevant government agency who had issued a sanction to the organisation. The aim
was to source further information about the issue identified, based on how they are affected
and also seek to find what suggestion/s they could make to improve on the situation.
However, the government agency officials agreed to attend only interviews instead of a
workshop. Those who participated are the Assistant Director of Environmental Health, the
Head of Department of Environmental Health and the Director of Environmental Health.
They emphasised on their core responsibility as a government agency charged with the task of
ensuring that operator in the industry where the case study organisation operates, comply with
set standard requirement that are legally acceptable at all times. They also educate operators
on health implication of operational activities, and encourage activities comply with
environmental preservation.
The government agency emphasised on the need for the farm to engage in the
development of further values from the currently generated live-stock waste. They cited the
wet live-stock dung as an example, noting that it could be used to generate biogas electricity.
They emphasised on the economic benefits and environmental safety, in the reduction of the
pollutant effects that can be harnessed form the proposed biogas project. They explained that
developing the biogas could partly address the waste management challenge faced by the
farm.
“There are multiple approaches to waste management but the one we would recommend is
the new approach which is the biogas which involves translating waste to wealth! It leaves
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Tolulope Morenike Atolagbe
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nothing unused; converting all waste to diverse values that are of further advantages to the
organisation if they can implement it” (Director of Environmental Health).
In a workshop session in the case study organisation, the invited participants were the
Middle Managers, Veterinary Consultants and Supervisors. The aim was to deliberate on the
issue of live-stock dung and possibly develop a solution to tackle the challenge of live-stock
waste.
The workshop was captioned ‘Poultry waste management and value enhancement for
operational process sustenance’. It lasted for about two hours. Among the attendees were the
managers from the different departments in the Poultry and Hatchery section and Supervisors.
Some of these participants were indigenes of the host communities, though they did not
formally assume the positions to represent the host communities. During the workshop,
several suggestions were made by participants on the possible ways to address and improve
the livestock waste management issues that has remained a challenge for the organisation.
Among the key suggestions was the need for the farm to develop values from livestock dung,
via the production of maggots from wet poultry dung currently generated from departments,
such as Layers, Pullets, brooding departments. They explained that the production of Maggots
could bring down the amount of generated waste sent to the landfill site. They noted that the
produced maggots can be used as feed supplement for the Fishery, which could also reduce
the cost of running the Fishery department considerably. They reckon that Maggots are
nutritious and healthy for the fish.
“Maggot contains 55% of protein which can speed up the growth of fishes in the pond,
and many other competitor farms that have access to these waste have started this practice”
(Manager, Hatchery department).
Participants (e.g. Managers from Cockerel and Piggery departments), nevertheless pointed
out that the amount of poultry dung required to produce maggots is small compared to the
volume of livestock waste currently generated in the farm. This observation prompted an
argument by the Supervisor at the Layers department. He said that the current pressure faced
by the farm, from the host community and the regulatory government agency are the driving
force to inform what effort must be put in by the organisation, in order avoid retributions and
keep their operation, in what ways possible. He thought that whatever decisions taken should
be meant to meet the standards set by the government agency and keep their relationship with
the host community afloat.
Other participants (Managers at the Hatchery, Supervisors at Cattle Ranch, Piggery,
Cockerel and Parents Stock departments), in their contribution to deliberation, drew the
attention of participants to the need for absolute care in the management of maggot
production process if it must be adopted in the farm. They advised that the ‘maggoty
(1)’should be located at considerable distance away from the other sections of the farm. They
also suggest a practice of continuous clean-up of the site for biosecurity reasons. The
cautioned that the application of requires care to be sure a healthy administration to livestock-
Fishery so as to avoid the chances of an outbreak of disease that can result to losses to the
farm business.
At the conclusion of the workshop session, participants unanimously advised the
Veterinary Consultants and the Manager at the Fishery department to further debate on the
suggestion of using producing maggot from current livestock waste, with the top management
team to finalise on the possibility of adopting the suggestion to embark on maggot production
as a means to partly address the challenge of live-stock waste management.
As a follow up to the propositions from earlier workshop, a round of personal interviews
was conducted with the Veterinary Consultants and Supervisors at the Fishery department
further discussion on the findings suggestions made by participants at the workshop.
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In their response to interviews, the Veterinary Consultants certified the suggestion for
approval by the top management. They explained that, apart from adding values to the
Fishery in terms of a reduction in the amount of feed bought for the Fishery, the proposal
would lead to a consideration in the overall waste generated in the farm. They however,
reaffirmed the caution that the use of Maggots as supplement at the Fishery can achieve its
purpose if the process is duly monitored and void of contaminants that can endanger the
health of livestock in the Fishery, as well as the human consumers (Nuov, Little, &
Yakupitiyage, 1995; Fasakin, Balogun, & Ajayi, 2003).
An approval was secured from the General Manager to hold a new workshop on the waste
generated in the farm’s Hatchery. The workshop theme was ‘process improvement means to
generate values from current hatchery waste’. The invited participants were the Hatchery
Manager, the Piggery Manager and Supervisor the Feed Mill Manager and Supervisors,
Manager and Supervisor from Parent Stock and some staff from the Veterinary Laboratory,
who are involved with the formulation and processing of live-stock feed.
During discussion, the Supervisor from the Parent Stock department expressed the need
for the top management to also consider the processing of waste generated from the Hatchery
(hatched egg shells) into feed supplements for the production of feed for the Piggery. He
noted that using live-stock feed supplement from egg shells, apart from reducing the overall
waste generated in the farm, can yet reduce the cost of livestock feed sent to the Piggery,
because the egg shells are sourced from within the farm. Managers at the Hatchery and Feed
Mill departments, supported the proposal, noting that egg shells supplement would provide a
useful source of calcium carbonate which the livestock in the piggery needs for strong bone
development (Glatz, Miao, & Rodda, 2011; Wilkinson, 2011), have for more on calcium in
pig growth).
Other participants explained that effective use of calcium facilitating nutrient such as the
egg shell supplement can enhance maximum breast milk flow for Sow (2) that are nursing
piglets (3).
The Brooding department Manager and Veterinary Consultant, however cautioned that
such process would require proper cleaning effort to ensure that contaminated egg shells (e.g.
dead in shell (4), are not used for this process. They recommend a process of laboratory
certification after a careful analysis before use to ensure adequate bio security and avoidance
of an outbreak of disease in the farm. While the workshop session was well coordinated, due
to the interest of participants in the discussion, it concluded with a unanimous agreement to
contact the top management for a final approval and authorisation for a plan for
implementation.
The top management members of the organisation were later engaged in a round of
personal interviews regarding the suggestions advanced by participants at the recent
workshop. The focus was on the proposals for using calcium supplement developed from egg
shell for the Piggery and the production of maggots from current livestock waste generated in
the farm, for the Fishery.
Whilst they acknowledge the proposals, they expressed the fear that the suggestions are
critical to their operation, highlighting the need to make external consultation with experts
who can offer further advise on the way forward, whether to grant approval of not. However,
the top management respondents interviewed, still held on with the argument that a better
approach to address the issue of effective waste management could still be achieved in their
operation.
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Tolulope Morenike Atolagbe
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In another workshop, the attention was drawn to the possibility of generating power
energy from current wet live-stock waste in the farm, which was earlier suggested by the
government agency.
The Managers at Broilers and Piggery departments, supported the suggestion, reaffirming
that if the proposal is well implemented, it could yield other benefits to the farm, especially in
the area of operational process stability. The opined that it can also provide a means to
effectively address the critical challenge of regular power supply in the farm. They note
further that biogas, as suggested by the government agency can address needs such as regular
power supply to the Cold Rooms, water supply, the Abattoir, and the Feed Mill. They
however reckoned that for the proposal for biogas to be effective, it would require the active
involvement of all members of the organisation and the sanction and support of the top
management. The Supervisor at the Hatchery, in his comment, cited the implementation of
biogas project by a known organisation operating in the same region as the farm. He laid
emphasis on the reliability of the biogas energy, noting that it can effectively address the
fundamental needs for effective power supply and waste management in the entire
organisation.
“The expenditure on this proposed project would yield so much return especially in the
aspect of operational process stability” (General Accountant).
Other participants highlighted the possibility for overall improvement in the farm’s
operation via the proposed biogas electricity project. The however, noted that the farm need
more inundating knowledge on further details about the functionalities of biogas project,
which they claimed was new to their operations. Some participants were unwilling to
contribute further to the discussion, but hope that the organisation can embark on a search for
experts in biogas for further consultation about the suggestion for biogas. The session
concluded after about 55 minutes of deliberation on the topic. See (Weiland, 2003), for details
about the importance of biogas.
They equally agreed on the distribution of dry live-stock waste, to host community
farmers for the development of compost manure for their farming. The thought that such
effort would further enforce their relationship with the host community farmers and reduce
the amount of waste sent to the landfill.
7. DISCUSSION
The adoption of an action research approach to addressing the waste and mortality issues in
the case study organisation resulted to a zero waste implementation process that effectively
address the issue highlighted in the case study organisation. This in line with the suggestion of
authors e.g.
(Othman & Ameer, 2010; Midgley & Ochoa-Arias, 2012; Ufua, Papadoupoloulos, &
Midgley, 2018), who emphasised on meaningful engagement resulted to productive
suggestions, and innovations from all the participants.
Zero waste became the resultant effect of widened stakeholders’ involvement in the
research process. Several researchers e.g. (Midgley, 2000; Gable & Shireman, 2005; Sharma
& Henriques, 2005), observed that interactions between stakeholders result to emergent
property that effect change. The implementation of zero waste thinking did not portray
complete absence of waste but effective management of identified waste items, via an
empathic thinking among participants in the action research process. It also provided due
consideration for emerging such as the end to end effects of decisions taken in addressing
identified issues.
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The application of a participatory research process engaging the affected stakeholders also
addressed the issue of marginalisation of interest and projected sustainable solutions that
would be void of retributions from certain affected stakeholders’ groups individuals, which
led to a sustainable zero waste practice in the farm. In accordance to the submission of
organisational waste management authors, this equally promoted a significant empathy and
ownership mentality among the participants, both the internal organisation member and the
external stakeholders who participated in the research process (Womack, Jones, & Roos,
1990; Wom961; Wilson, 2007; Sarkis, Helms, & Hervani, 2010).
Adopting an action research approach created a foundation for effective advancement of
innovation from the participants. This is in line with the thought of systems thinkers e.g.
(Jackson, 2000; 2003; Midgley, 2008; 2011), who assume that every event in a social
relationships is connected to something else. The engagement of these participants was on a
platform of connected thinking which encouraged the productive debate among participants,
on the identified issues and relevant suggestions for improvement.
While (Ikelegbe, 2005; Jahansoozi, 2006), highlighted the usefulness of stakeholders’
relationship building, The application of an action research process in addressing organisation
wide issues in the research process, encouraged learning among participants and discouraged
conflicting aftermath effect of zero waste practice, between the organisation and the
participants. This observation aligns well with the thought of researchers, e.g. (Hines,
Howleg, & Rich, 2004; Senge, 2008), who note that learning would be relevant to operational
research which was brought to bear in this research.
Finally, the application of an action research approach provided a free opportunity for
participants to actively involved in developing real time solutions aimed to address
highlighted issues in the research process. This further gave the opportunity to fully explore
the unique issues identified in the case study organisation, with full consideration of the
affected stakeholders. Such could not have been a possibility with a quantitative approach that
could have possibly applied retrospective and sentimental data (Salmon, 1991; Carr, 1994).
The various data collection methods effectively complemented the research process.
Interviews supported the collection of important data, especially at times when the
participants were not available to attend workshop due to their commitments to duties at
work.
However, Similar to the findings of (Ufua, 2015; Ufua, Papadoupoloulos, & Midgley,
2018), the entire process was slow. It required long periods to reach decisions, though this
was not judged an issue due to the interest of stakeholders in achieving a zero waste
operational system in the case study organisation, via addressing identified issues. This
suggests that action researchers need to realign their research process to give further
consideration to the issue of time and completion schedules. This would further harmonise the
credibility of action research findings, especially in addressing critical operational issues that
are time bound.
8. CONCLUSION
This paper focused on stakeholder involvement in addressing operational issues in a private
sector organisation, resulting in a zero waste practice. The research involved participants, who
are stakeholder affected by the operational process. The paper adopted an action research
approach, using workshop and interview for data collection. Findings show that stakeholders’
involvement is a key factor to achieving an effective zero waste operational process.
However, the research process seemed slow though justified by the acceptance and
satisfactory participation of the affected stakeholders in an approach to identify and develop
11. Daniel Ebakoleaneh UFUA, Maxwell Ayodele Olokundun, Mercy Ejovwokeoghene Ogbari and
Tolulope Morenike Atolagbe
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solutions to address identified issues.In addition to the suggestion for action researchers to
recognise time factor in their research process, it is further suggested for researchers to
consider a mixed approach that can include quantitative data to explore the numerical impact
of zero waste solution to operational issues.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors acknowledge the management of covenant university for providing full
sponsorship for thiis research work
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