El 12 de mayo de 2017 celebramos en la Fundación Ramó Areces una jornada con IS Global y Unitaid sobre enfermedades transmitidas por vectores, como la malaria, entre otras.

1. By Iñigo Garmendia
EFFECTIVE AEDES CONTROL
BASED ON RESTING BEHAVIOUR & NEW TOOLS FOR IRS

2. Summary
1. Introduction
2. Effectiveness of IRS interventions based
on Resting Behaviour of Aedes aegypti
3. New Tools for effective IRS

3. 1. Introduction

4. INTRODUCTION
Historically,
control of Aedes aegypti was
based on …
FUMIGATION (space spraying) and
reduction in the number of mosquito
BREEDING SITES.
But …
are they effective
interventions?

5. INTRODUCTION
The result of many studies suggest that …
“ Housesprovide
a suitable
environment for
man-vector
contact and
suitable resting
sites for adult
mosquitoes.”

6. INTRODUCTION
Recently, emergency control measures for Ae. aegypti
have been reviewed and reported that …
“Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) is an effective method
to control Ae. aegypti. (Chadee), based on its after feeding resting
behaviour.”

7. 2. Resting Behaviour of Aedes aegypti
and effectiveness of IRS interventions

8. RESTING BEHAVIOUR OF AEDES AEGYPTI
1. Period of inactivity
Physiological
process
Period of
inactivity (h)
1. Post adult
emergence 24 h
2. Post blood
feeding 36 - 50 h
3. Post oviposition 12 - 24 h
1
2
3

9. RESTING BEHAVIOUR OF AEDES AEGYPTI
“Females Aedes aegypti rest for between 36 – 50 hours for
two physiological processes to occur: ”
After blood feeding inactivity
1st Inhibition
“Blood-induced distension of
the gut wall (36 hours).”
2nd Inhibition
“Oocyte-induced inhibition
(+14 hours)”
Mid Gut

10. RESTING BEHAVIOUR OF AEDES AEGYPTI
2. Most favoured resting sites
Room Female mosquitoes
Bedroom 82 %
Living room 9 %
Kitchen 6 %
Bathroom 2 %
Other 1 %
Most resting mosquitoes were collected
from … dark wall surfaces close
to the floor rather than on the upper
surfaces of the walls close to the ceiling,
curtains and under furniture !!

11. RESTING BEHAVIOUR OF AEDES AEGYPTI
These various studies suggest that Ae. aegypti females
remain indoors or at resting sites for long periods
Conclusion
and this may explain the
failure of conventional
ultra-low-volume (ULV)
and Fogging or Space
spraying because little or no
insecticide aerosol droplets
reached these indoor areas
especially in bed rooms.

12. RESTING BEHAVIOUR OF AEDES AEGYPTI
These results suggest:
“ Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) would be suitable for
both EMERGENCY and ROUTINE control programs.”
• It targets the
resting sites of
Ae. aegypti
mosquitoes
• Protection lasts for
3 – 6 months.
Because …

13. 3. New Tools
for effective Indoor Residual Spraying

14. NEW TOOLS FOR INDOOR RESIDUAL SPRAYING
Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS)
MALARIA Chagas LeishmaniasisZika
Dengue
Chikungunya
Yellow Fever

15. NEW TOOLS FOR INDOOR RESIDUAL SPRAYING
Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS)
• Efficiency
• IRS Operator´s safety
• IRS Operator´s Comfort

16. IK VECTOR CONTROL
SUPER
NEW TOOLS FOR INDOOR RESIDUAL SPRAYING

17. NEW TOOLS FOR INDOOR RESIDUAL SPRAYING
3.1. Reduction of
insecticide DEPOSIT
VARIATION on the wall
EFFICIENT

18. NEW TOOLS FOR INDOOR RESIDUAL SPRAYING
900
ml/min
3.8 bar
55 psi
3 bar
40 psi
1.8 bar
25 psi
750
ml/min
600
ml/min
• Considerable
insecticide
DOSAGE
variation
• High risk of
subdosing
(mosquito
resistance)

19. NEW TOOLS FOR INDOOR RESIDUAL SPRAYING
900
ml/min
3.8 bar
55 psi
3 bar
40 psi
1.8 bar
25 psi
750
ml/min
600
ml/min
• Considerable
insecticide
DOSAGE
variation
• High risk of
subdosing
(mosquito
resistance)
1.5 bar
40 psi
750
ml/min
1.5 bar
40 psi
1.5 bar
40 psi
750
ml/min
750
ml/min
• Uniform
liquid
volume
emitted
during all the
application.
NEW

20. NEW TOOLS FOR INDOOR RESIDUAL SPRAYING
3.1. Reduction of insecticide
DEPOSIT VARIATION on the wall
EFFICIENT
3.2. Reduction of
insecticide LOSS

21. NEW TOOLS FOR INDOOR RESIDUAL SPRAYING
Traditional equipment
There is an insecticide
loss due to rebound
and atomization
Fine droplets fail to
reach the wall
(atomization)
Big droplets rebound
or Run off

22. NEW TOOLS FOR INDOOR RESIDUAL SPRAYING
Traditional equipment
Pressure
(bar/psi)
ABSORBENT
surface
4 bar
55 psi
16 %
3 bar
40 psi
14 %
2 bar
30 psi
12 %
1.5 bar
20 psi
8 %
INSECTICIDE LOSS MEASURED IN LABORATORY TESTS
Pressure Gauge

23. NEW TOOLS FOR INDOOR RESIDUAL SPRAYING
Pressure
(bar/psi)
ABSORBENT
surface
4 bar
55 psi
16 %
3 bar
40 psi
14 %
2 bar
30 psi
12 %
1.5 bar
20 psi
8 %
INSECTICIDE LOSS MEASURED IN LABORATORY TESTS
IK VECTOR CONTROL SUPER (with CFV 1.5 bar)
50 %
reduction
CFV
NEW

24. NEW TOOLS FOR INDOOR RESIDUAL SPRAYING
3.1. Reduction of insecticide
DEPOSIT VARIATION on the wall
EFFICIENT
3.2. Reduction of insecticide
LOSS
3.3. Nozzle Life Span
(erosion)
NEW

25. NEW TOOLS FOR INDOOR RESIDUAL SPRAYING
3.3. Nozzle Life Span (erosion)
Nozzle Internal Design
using CFD software
Low erosion materials and
manufacturing processes
Recent Developments has led to
much more DURABLE and COMPETITIVE nozzles
NEW

26. 3.3. Nozzle Life Span (erosion)
NEW TOOLS FOR INDOOR RESIDUAL SPRAYING
3.1. Reduction of insecticide
DEPOSIT VARIATION on the wall
EFFICIENT
3.2. Reduction of insecticide
LOSS
3.4. Nozzle Blockages

27. NEW TOOLS FOR INDOOR RESIDUAL SPRAYING
3.4. Nozzle Blockages
NEW

28. NEW TOOLS FOR INDOOR RESIDUAL SPRAYING
LIGHT &
COMFORTABLE
3.5. Reduction Operator´s
fatigue

29. NEW TOOLS FOR INDOOR RESIDUAL SPRAYING
Traditional equipment
• Very tiring and
uncomfortable task
• Risk to lose
precision in
spraying technique

30. NEW TOOLS FOR INDOOR RESIDUAL SPRAYING
• Very Light Tank
• More
Comfortable
(possible to carry in
the back)
New materials offer…
new design possibilities
NEW

31. NEW TOOLS FOR INDOOR RESIDUAL SPRAYING
ENVIRONMENTAL
& HEALTH
3.6. Reduction Operator´s
contamination Risk

32. NEW TOOLS FOR INDOOR RESIDUAL SPRAYING
Operator´s contamination
IRS (DDT) at 4 bar (55 psi)
Dermal
(mg/man/hour)
Respiratory
(mg/man/hour)
2.760 11.1
1.755 7.1IRS (DDT) at 3 bar (55 psi)
719 2.9IRS (DDT) at 2 bar (55 psi)
255 1IRS (DDT) at 1.5 bar (55 psi)
Traditional equipment

33. NEW TOOLS FOR INDOOR RESIDUAL SPRAYING
Operator´s contamination
IRS (DDT) at 4 bar (55 psi)
Dermal
(mg/man/hour)
Respiratory
(mg/man/hour)
2.760 11.1
1.755 7.1IRS (DDT) at 3 bar (55 psi)
719 2.9IRS (DDT) at 2 bar (55 psi)
255 1IRS (DDT) at 1.5 bar (55 psi)
7 times
reduction
New Solution (Control Flow Valve 1.5 bar)
CFV

34. NEW TOOLS FOR INDOOR RESIDUAL SPRAYING
EASY TO CLEAN
AND MAINTAIN
3.7. No need of expertise
and expensive spares &
tools
• Sprayer design (fewer parts)
• Very Easy
• Hand tools
NEW

35. NEW TOOLS FOR INDOOR RESIDUAL SPRAYING
Conclusions
• IRS is an important
and effective Vector
Control intervention
for many VB diseases
• IRS could be
improved
significantly using
New Tools already
available

36. Goizper S.Coop. - www.goizper.com
Thank you