Idioms
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The document discusses feeling under the weather and being safe and sound. Feeling under the weather means feeling slightly unwell or like one is getting a cold. Being safe and sound means being unharmed or undamaged, like three hikers who were found after three days without being hurt.
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Comparatives
Adjectives are words that describe nouns or pronouns. They can be used to make comparisons between things or people using comparative and superlative forms. Comparative adjectives add "-er" or "more" and superlative adjectives add "-est" or "most" to indicate a higher level of the quality being described.
Past simple grammar
We use the simple past tense to describe activities that were completed in the past. There are three types of simple past tense sentences: affirmative sentences that describe completed past actions without negation, negative sentences that add "did not" or "didn't" to negate the action, and interrogative sentences that ask questions about past actions using question words like what, when, where, why or beginning questions with "did".
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irregular verbs
The document introduces 13 groups of irregular verbs organized by their common patterns in past simple and past participle forms. It provides the base form, past simple, past participle, and meaning for verbs in each group to illustrate the patterns, such as group 1 containing verbs that add "-ght" in the past simple and past participle (e.g. bring/brought/brought). The goal is to make learning irregular verbs easier by clustering them according to shared characteristics rather than alphabetical order.
Grammar: There is/ there are - Some/any
The document discusses countable and uncountable nouns. It provides examples of countable nouns using singular and plural forms with "a/an" and "-s" respectively. Uncountable nouns cannot be counted and no plural form is used. It also discusses using "some" with both countable and uncountable nouns to indicate unspecified quantities, and "a/an" or "glass of" to indicate a specified quantity. The document provides examples of countable vs uncountable nouns and the correct usage of "some" vs "any" in affirmative and negative/interrogative sentences.
Articles
The document discusses the usage of definite and indefinite articles (the, a/an) in English. It explains that a/an is used with singular count nouns when the reader is unfamiliar with the specific item. The is used when the item is known or identifiable. Exceptions include usage with singular mass nouns, proper nouns, ordinals like "first," and expressions of time/location. Zero articles are used with plural or generic references, as well as most places, days, and means of transportation.
Can - Can't
The document discusses the use of can and can't to express ability in English. It provides examples of affirmative sentences using "can" with subjects and verbs, negative sentences using "can't", interrogative questions using "can" and short yes/no answers. Ability is expressed for common actions like speaking languages, taking photographs, swimming, dancing, singing, acting, flying and more. Questions are provided asking about ability followed by short answer responses of "yes, I/we/she/he/they can" or "no, I/we/she/he/they can't".
Means of transport
This document lists various modes of transportation and where they are used, including bicycles, motorbikes, scooters, wagons, cars, and trucks on land, submarines, boats, sail boats, and motorboats at sea, and cable cars, helicopters, hot air balloons, and airplanes in the air. It categorizes over 30 different vehicles according to whether they are used on land, at sea, or in the air.
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Idioms
- 2. TO FEEL UNDER THE WEATHER slightly unwell or in low spirits. ill. I'm feeling a bit under the weather - I think I'm getting a cold.
- 3. not hurt or damaged: Three days later, the hikers were found safe and sound. Safe and sound