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Identity and Privacy –
Past, Present, and Digital
Brenda K. Leong, Senior Counsel & Director of Strategy
Future of Privacy Forum
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
1. Empower global SSI communities
2. Open to everyone interested in SSI
3. All content is shared with CC BY SA
SSIMeetup.org
Alex Preukschat @SSIMeetup @AlexPreukschat
Coordinating Node SSIMeetup.org
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
SSIMeetup objectives
Who is FPF?
The Members
130+
Companies
25+
Leading Academics
10+
Advocates
The Mission
Bridging the policymaker-industry-academic gap in privacy policy
Developing privacy protections, ethical norms, and workable business practices
The Workstreams
Ethics
De-identification
Smart Cities
IoT/Connected Toys
Connected Cars
Student Data
Health
Location & Ad Tech
Artificial Intelligence
Biometrics
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
“When a place gets crowded enough to
require ID's, social collapse is not far away. It is
time to go elsewhere. The best thing about
space travel is that it made it possible to go
elsewhere.”
- Robert Heinlein
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
“By 2030, provide legal identity for all,
including birth registration.”
- UN Sustainable Development Goals
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
To Credential or Not to Credential*
•Creation
•Verification
•Authentication
•Authorization
•Federation
* World Bank estimates over 1.1B people who cannot prove their identity
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Passports Were Once Offensive
• Only Letters of Introduction for elites
• Rendered reputation irrelevant
• Affront to “dignity of the traveler”
• Culture of distrust and documentation
• “The State’s creature”
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
National Identity System
• Unique ID of individual citizens
• Universal medical care
• Combat ID theft
• Census for allocation of services
• Suppression
• Political repression
• Individual troublemakers
• Ethnic groups
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Cultural Values
•Community v. individual autonomy
•High-income Countries
•Identify terrorist and NS threats
•Target people for minor infractions
•Low-income Countries
•Government efficiencies
•Deliver goods and services
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
In the U.S. - REAL ID
Concerns:
• State v. Federal
• Individual freedom
• Anonymity
• Data requirements
• Sharing across states
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Current Reality
• Photo ID required now; frequently 2 forms
• Separate IDs for library, credit, travel
• Many becoming digital – passwords…
• National IDs already in many countries
• Argentina, Belgium, Germany, Italy, Peru, Spain
• ID number , used for many purposes
• Extensive personal data
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Digital ID Challenges
• Accuracy
• Security
• Government Abuse
• Privacy
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Digital Opportunities
• New channels for human interaction
• Personal data is transportable
• Real-time value of information
• Financial inclusion/unbanked
• Est. 63% of population worldwide owns a mobile phone
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
System Challenges
•Authentication Infrastructure
• Cost, interoperability
•Accessibility
• Institutional and individual
•Reliability
• Leakage, fraud
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Biometric Systems
• Type – fingerprint, facial recognition
• Comparisons – passwords; tokens
• Accuracy – edge cases
• Cost – implementation; long term
• Security – spoofing; risk valuations
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Privacy Protections
•Regulatory
• Data protection laws
• Independent oversight
• Appeals and recourse
•Technical safeguards
• Distributed or decentralized data
• On-device standards
•Market competition
• Competitive opportunities
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
EU ID Cards
EDPS Opinion 7/2018 – Proposal to Strengthen security of ID cards
• ID cards and residence documents
• Proposal includes facial image & fingerprints
• Biometric data are sensitive data
• Mandatory fingerprinting – “strict necessity”
• GDPR impact
• Safeguards against national databases
• Delete immediately; no image on chip
• Anti-fraud doesn’t justify 2 biometrics
• Concerns for children
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
We Can’t Go to Space (yet), So…
•Awareness
•Public-private
engagement
•Diverse voices included
•Oversight
•Human Rights
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Identity and Privacy –
Past, Present, and Digital
Brenda K. Leong, Senior Counsel & Director of Strategy
Future of Privacy Forum
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

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  • 1. Identity and Privacy – Past, Present, and Digital Brenda K. Leong, Senior Counsel & Director of Strategy Future of Privacy Forum https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
  • 2. 1. Empower global SSI communities 2. Open to everyone interested in SSI 3. All content is shared with CC BY SA SSIMeetup.org Alex Preukschat @SSIMeetup @AlexPreukschat Coordinating Node SSIMeetup.org https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ SSIMeetup objectives
  • 3. Who is FPF? The Members 130+ Companies 25+ Leading Academics 10+ Advocates The Mission Bridging the policymaker-industry-academic gap in privacy policy Developing privacy protections, ethical norms, and workable business practices The Workstreams Ethics De-identification Smart Cities IoT/Connected Toys Connected Cars Student Data Health Location & Ad Tech Artificial Intelligence Biometrics https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
  • 4. “When a place gets crowded enough to require ID's, social collapse is not far away. It is time to go elsewhere. The best thing about space travel is that it made it possible to go elsewhere.” - Robert Heinlein https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
  • 5. “By 2030, provide legal identity for all, including birth registration.” - UN Sustainable Development Goals https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
  • 6. To Credential or Not to Credential* •Creation •Verification •Authentication •Authorization •Federation * World Bank estimates over 1.1B people who cannot prove their identity https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
  • 7. Passports Were Once Offensive • Only Letters of Introduction for elites • Rendered reputation irrelevant • Affront to “dignity of the traveler” • Culture of distrust and documentation • “The State’s creature” https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
  • 8. National Identity System • Unique ID of individual citizens • Universal medical care • Combat ID theft • Census for allocation of services • Suppression • Political repression • Individual troublemakers • Ethnic groups https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
  • 9. Cultural Values •Community v. individual autonomy •High-income Countries •Identify terrorist and NS threats •Target people for minor infractions •Low-income Countries •Government efficiencies •Deliver goods and services https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
  • 10. In the U.S. - REAL ID Concerns: • State v. Federal • Individual freedom • Anonymity • Data requirements • Sharing across states https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
  • 11. Current Reality • Photo ID required now; frequently 2 forms • Separate IDs for library, credit, travel • Many becoming digital – passwords… • National IDs already in many countries • Argentina, Belgium, Germany, Italy, Peru, Spain • ID number , used for many purposes • Extensive personal data https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
  • 12. Digital ID Challenges • Accuracy • Security • Government Abuse • Privacy https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
  • 13. Digital Opportunities • New channels for human interaction • Personal data is transportable • Real-time value of information • Financial inclusion/unbanked • Est. 63% of population worldwide owns a mobile phone https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
  • 14. System Challenges •Authentication Infrastructure • Cost, interoperability •Accessibility • Institutional and individual •Reliability • Leakage, fraud https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
  • 15. Biometric Systems • Type – fingerprint, facial recognition • Comparisons – passwords; tokens • Accuracy – edge cases • Cost – implementation; long term • Security – spoofing; risk valuations https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
  • 16. Privacy Protections •Regulatory • Data protection laws • Independent oversight • Appeals and recourse •Technical safeguards • Distributed or decentralized data • On-device standards •Market competition • Competitive opportunities https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
  • 17. EU ID Cards EDPS Opinion 7/2018 – Proposal to Strengthen security of ID cards • ID cards and residence documents • Proposal includes facial image & fingerprints • Biometric data are sensitive data • Mandatory fingerprinting – “strict necessity” • GDPR impact • Safeguards against national databases • Delete immediately; no image on chip • Anti-fraud doesn’t justify 2 biometrics • Concerns for children https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
  • 18. We Can’t Go to Space (yet), So… •Awareness •Public-private engagement •Diverse voices included •Oversight •Human Rights https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
  • 19. Identity and Privacy – Past, Present, and Digital Brenda K. Leong, Senior Counsel & Director of Strategy Future of Privacy Forum https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/