The document discusses the applications of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in library automation, highlighting the transition of libraries from traditional to digital resources. It covers various ICT components, such as computer technology, communication technologies, and library software, which are essential for modern library operations and services. The conclusion emphasizes the critical role of ICT in transforming libraries and meeting users' information needs in today's technologically advanced society.

1. APPLICATIONS OF ICT
IN
LIBRARY AUTOMATION
Dr.P.Padma
Assistant Professor
DOLIS
MKU

2. INTRODUCTION
 Today libraries are shifting their role from the traditional
information resources to digital information resources, the
libraries adopt new ways of information generation and
dissemination because of the information technology and
widespread utilization of the application of information and
communication technology (ICT), increased computer
networks and the evolution of the World Wide Web (WWW)
enabled people to use the Internet for many reasons; for
communication, for entertainment, for education, and so forth .

3. ICT:
CONCEPT AND MEANING
 The term Information and Communication Technology
(ICT) is referred to the use of any computers and the Internet
to make information and communication services available for
the users or library professionals.
 ICT is a diverse set of technological tools and resources used
to communicate and to create, disseminate , store and
manage information.
 ICT incorporate a range of technologies used to support
communication and information. ICT includes both networks
and applications. Networks include fixed, wireless and
satellite telecommunications, broadcasting networks. Well -
known applications are the Internet, database management
systems and multimedia tools.

4. COMPONENTS OF ICT IN LIBRARIES
 The components of Information Technology which frequently
used in Library and Information center are as follows
 Computer Technology
 Communication Technology
 Reprographic, micrographic
 Printing Technology

5. COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY
The Dramatic development in the information transmission
process in every field of human endeavour has been made by
the widespread use of computer technology that can further be
divided into following categories.
Mainframe computers
 Mainframe computers are fast, large capacity
computers, after the super computer occupies a
specially wired, air-conditioned room is capable of great
processing speeds and data storage.
Super computers
 Super Computers are high-capacity computers that are
the fastest calculating device ever invented. It may have
a vector processing design or massively parallel
processing design.

6.  Minicomputers
 Minicomputers are refrigerator -size machine that are
essentially scale-down mainframes. Minicomputers are
becoming more important as servers in networks
 Personal Computers
 These are desktop, floor-standing, or portable
computers that can run easy-to-sue programmes such
as word processing or spreadsheets.

7. Microchip technology
 A microchip is a tiny piece of silicon that contains thousands
of micro-miniature electronic circuit components, mainly
transistors. The microprocessor of microcomputer, which
process data is made from microchips.
Artificial Intelligence
 AI is a group of related technologies that attempts to develop
machines to emulate human like qualities, such as learning,
reasoning, communicating, seeing, and hearing.
Software technology
 Software consists of step-by step instructions that tell the
computer what to do. Many software packages for various
applications in the field of library and information services and
management are commercially available.

8. COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES
Communication or telecommunication technologies
are used to transmit information in the form of signals
between remote locations, using electrical or
electromagnetic media as carriers of signals.
Communication Technologies comprise the following

9. CONFIGURATION
In communication or computer systems, configuration of a
system refers to the arrangement of each of its functional units,
according to their nature, number and chief characteristics.
Often, configuration pertains to the choice of hardware, software,
firmware and documentation. Configuration utility allows to ser
the programs that will run at startup and to edit configuration files

10. NETWORK
 The important function of network is to interconnect computers
and other communication devices so that data can be
transferred from one location to another instantly. Networks
allow many users to share a common pathway and
communicate with each other. The networks include the local
area network (LAN) in library housekeeping and resource
sharing and wide area network (WAN) that covers wide
geographic area such as a country or state, that covers limited
geographic area such as campus, or building e.g. - DELNET,
INDONET, INFLIBNET, MALIBNET, NICNET, ADINET etc are
major WAN in India.

11. NETWORKING DEVICE INCLUDES THE FOLLOWING DEVICES:
Modem:
An electronic communication system that allow two or more inter connected
computers and terminals to share information and resources.
LAN:
A Local Area Network is a data communication network used to interconnect data
terminal equipment distributed over a limited area (typically up-to 10 square km.).
MAN:
A Metropolitan Area Network is a computer network that usually spans a city or a
large campus. A MAN usually interconnects a number of Local Area Network.
WAN:
A Wide Area Network connects computers located across a wide geographical
area e.g. Internet is best known as WAN. Telecommunication links might involves
common cities, microwave of satellite communication.
Cable:
Networking cables are used to connect one networking device to another
networking devices or to connect two or more computers to share printer, scanner
etc.

12. ROUTER:
 A router is a networking device that forwards data
packets between computer networks. Routers perform the
traffic directing functions on the Internet. Data sent through
the internet, such as a web page or email, is in the form of
data packets. A packet is typically forwarded from one router
to another router through the networks that constitute an inter
network (e.g. the Internet) until it reaches its destination node.

13. TYPES OF ROUTERS
There are several types of routers in the market.
Broadband Routers
 Broadband routers can do different types of things.
Broadband routers can be used to connect computers
or to connect to the Internet.
 If you connect to the internet through phone and using
Voice over IP technology (VOIP) then you need
broadband router.
Wireless Routers
 Wireless routers create a wireless signal in your home
or office. So, any PC within range of Wireless routers
can connect it and use your Internet.
 In order to secure your Wireless routers, you simply
need to come secure it with password.

14. SATELLITE TV
Satellite television is television programming delivered by the
means of satellite communications and received by an
outdoor antenna, usually a parabolic reflector generally
referred to as a satellite dish.
Satellite TV technology makes use of specialized antennas
known as satellite dishes. These satellite dishes transmit
signals to a satellite receiver such as a set-top box or satellite
tuner module within a TV set.
The programming source transmits signals to a satellite
provider broadcast center and these waves are then picked
up by a compact satellite dish and broadcast onto television
sets.

15. Components of Satellite TV
 Programming sources
 The broadcast centers
 The satellites
 The viewer’s dish
 The receiver
Features of a Satellite TV
 High D Definition
 Simple user Interface
 Internal Drive
 Remote Management and Playback
 Digital video Reorder
 Detailed program information
 Keyword search
 Favorite lists

16. REPRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY:
Reprographic technology is used for the reproduction of the
documents. Using technology, the photocopy and the
reproduction of the documents has become very easy and
accessible. In this technology, printed documents are converted
into digital form, then photocopy is prepared. For the same,
computer scanner and software is required. This service is
provided to library users for photocopy of some pages of books,
journal articles or other materials.
Reprographic technology:
The term reprographic is used to identify of information
processing which concerned with technologies and equipment’s
for the reproduction of documents.

17. Micrographic technology:
Micrographic is that field of information technology which
concerns making use of microforms. Microforms is a generic
term for all information carries which use microfilm or similar
optical media (including study) for the high-density recording
and storage of optically encoded information in the form of
micro images of printed document, but patterns or
holograms.
Printing technology:
A printer is a device that converts computer output in to
printed images. There are number of different kinds of
printers used in library such as Dot Matrix Printers, Laser
Printer, Inkjet, Bubble-Jet, etc

18. BARCODE:
A barcode reader (or barcode scanner) is an electronic device for
reading printed barcodes. Using barcode equipment's for circulation
and stock verification is becoming more common, efficient and time
saver A barcode reader (or barcode scanner) is an electronic device
for reading printed barcodes.
Like a flatbed scanner, it consists of a light source, a lens and a
light sensor translating optical impulses into electrical ones.
Additionally, nearly all barcode readers contain decoder circuitry
analysing the barcode's image data provided by the sensor and
sending the barcode's content to the scanner's output port.
Scanner is important equipment in modernization of library. It is
useful for scanning text, image and content pages of books and
providing great help for establishing digital and virtual library.

19. RFID:
RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) is the latest
technology being used in modern libraries to prevent theft the
library materials.
Radio frequency identification is a term used for technologies
utilizing radio waves for identifying individual items automatically. It
is a fastest, easiest, most efficient way to track, locate & manage
library materials and being used in the libraries for automatic
check-in and check-out circulation process and also in stock
management.
It is an emerging, more effective, convenient, and cost
efficient technology in library automation and security. RFID is
used very similar to bar codes. Developments in RFID technology
continue to yield larger memory capacities, wider reading ranges,
and faster processing.

20. FAX
FAX is described by Rouse (2006) as “the telephonic transmission of
scanned-in printed material (text or images), usually to a telephone
number associated with a printer or other output device.
The original document is scanned with a fax machine, which treats the
contents (text or images) as a single fixed graphic image, converting it into
a bitmap.
In this digital form, the information is transmitted as electrical signals
through the telephone system. The receiving fax machine reconverts the
coded image and prints a paper copy of the document”. This technology
helps us for providing various services, such as to send official letter,
communicate with the vendors, etc.
It is used in some academic libraries for document delivery and other
scholarly communications. It is a method of converting an image into
electronic signals that can be transmitted over a communication link and
converted back into an image at the receiving end.

21. CD-ROM
CD-ROM is an acronym that stands for “Compact Disk Read Only
Memory”. It is an optical disc of 120 diameter and a hole of 15 mm at the
center with thickness 1.2 mm. Data is recorded in digital forms using laser
beam. CD-ROM is used to hold pre-recorded text, graphics and sound.
Optical disc storage technology is the most recent computer
technology to enter the library community. CD ROM developed in 1985 has
ability to represent various media such as text, graphics and animation, video
clips and sound files into a digital environment.
Digital video disk or digital versatile disk (DVD) is the next
generation of CD. The main feature of DVD is the compression technology
and storing data on multi layer sides, stores 17 GB data is currently the only
credible true multimedia format.
CD-ROM Presents a state-of-the-art review of the applications of
CD-ROMs in academic libraries, embracing all aspects of library involvement
and staffing implications. CD-ROM is having a huge impact on the way
academic libraries function and the services they offer to their users

22. ELECTRONIC SOURCES
INTERNET:
 This is the most important component of ICT. It is basically a
network of networks that performs the connectivity among the
computers.
 Internet provides the medium for communication using different
online tools. As a source of serious subjects of the universe of
knowledge, has become information super highway and opened
the floodgates for scholarly communication.
 Internet is truncated version of internetworking, which refers to
interconnecting two or more computer networks. Internet is
described as a worldwide network of computer and people. It is an
important tool for global on line services.
 The emergence of Internet offers very high bandwidth, which will
widen the scope for information processing and dissemination as
never before.
 Internet connects universities, colleges, schools and other
educational institutions for information sharing and exchange.
Access to information through Internet has changed the total
scenario of librarianship.

23. INPUT DEVICE
A device that can be used to insert data into a computer or other
computational device is known as input device. Some of common
input devices are:
Keyboard:
It looks like a key board of a type writer that enable us to enter
data into a computer. Keyboard is the most popular and commonly
used input device.
Mouse:
In computing, a mouse is a pointing device. It looks like a small
plastic box with two buttons and a scroll wheel and connected by
cable with computer.
Optical Character Reader (OCR):
A method of reading character that have been printed or typed in a
special type front. By means of a photo electric scanner device,
which converts the light patterns into digital signal for computer.
Optical Mark Reader (OMR):
A special scanning device that can read carefully placed pencil
marks on specially designed documents, like form , answer sheets,
etc.

24. Bar-code Reader:
A bar-code reader is an electronic device for reading
printed barcodes on paper by the help of computer. This is
very helpful device for a librarian to find out the basic
information of a book.
Scanner:
Scanner allow a PC to connect a drawing or photograph
into digital format. This device is helpful to build-up a
automated library collection.
Voice Data Entry:
Voice or speech data entry system, that accepts the
spoken word as input data or commands via a
microphone.

25. OUTPUT DEVICE:
An output device is any peripheral device that converts
machine readable information into people readable form.
Some commonly used output devices are:
Monitor:
The monitor is the commonly used display device. It output
signal as image format or display. It is vary useful device for
automated library system.
Printer:
A printer is an output device that produces a hard copy of
data or paper sheet. we can prepared / print catalogue card
or bibliography by using printer.
Central Processing Unit:
The main part of a computer in which operations are
controlled and executed. It contains most important hardware
of a computer. It also called the brain of a computer.

26. Storage / Memory:
A computer system contains a variety of memory devices to
store instruction and data for its operation.
This mainly two types:
 Primary Memory, e.g. RAM, ROM etc.
 Secondary memory, e.g. Magnetic disk, Hard-desk,
Floppy disk etc.
This devices are very important for automated library system,
because you can store books, journals and documents in digital
format on storage device.

27. SOFTWARE
Software is a collection of computer programs and related
data that provides the instruction for telling a computer what to do
and how to do it.
To build-up an automated library collection, use of computer
software is very important. Without using library software we cannot
build-up an automated library collection. Software consists of the
steep-by-steep instructions that tell the computer what to do.
Many software packages for various applications in the field of
library and Information services and management are commercially
available. Some of the important library packages available are:

28. CDS/ISIS (Computerized Documentation System/ Integrated Set of
Information System):
This public domain package of library software developed by UNESCO
is a menu driven generalized information storage and retrieval system
designed specially for computerized management of structured database.
The windows Version of CDS/ ISIS is called WINISIS.
In magic:
In this study, the major functions include cataloguing, acquisitions,
circulations, serials, on-line catalogue, retrieval, etc.
Books:
This software system which supports all the major library functions
including circulation control, acquisition, serial control, etc. This software is
in COBOL language.
Minisis:
This software is for use in creating, maintaining and searching library
and information databases supports both text and index searches,
controlled indexing terms.

29. LIBSYS:
IT IS THE MOST COMPREHENSIVE LIBRARY SOFTWARE. IT SUPPORTS ALMOST ALL ACTIVITIES
RELATING TO ACQUISITION, CATALOGUING, CIRCULATION, SERIALS AND ARTICLES ALERM
Library automation is the excellent way of reducing the human
involvement for library services. The aims of the current automation
technology is to provide maximum services in minimum time and
lowest cost. Library automation is the application of ICTs to library
operations and services. Many library automation softwares are
available for library operation such as Libsys, Koha, SLIM21, etc.
The functions of the software are to automate the library systems
which covers acquisition, cataloguing, circulation, serials
management, stock verification, etc. ICT is used in various library
housekeeping operations as well as for different library activities
and services.
Some of the popular automated library software are:
 Koha,
 OpenBiblio,
 Evergreen,
 Green Stone Library Software, etc

30. USER AUTHENTICATION
 One of the most important aspects of website authentication is
the focus on the user and human-to-computer interactions. As a
result, user authentication is crucial to understand when creating or
improving your website’s login procedure.
 Authentication is important because it enables organizations to
keep their networks secure by permitting only authenticated users (or
processes) to access its protected resources, which may include
computer systems, networks, databases, websites and other
network-based applications or services.

31. CON….
User authentication is a security process that covers all of the
human-to-computer interactions that require the user to register
and log in
user authentication has three tasks:
 Manage the connection between the human (user) and
the website’s server (computer).
 Verify users’ identities.
 Approve (or decline) the authentication so the system
can move to authorizing the user.

32. CONCLUSION
ICT has affected every sector of our life, bringing a change in the case of
people’s think, interaction, etc. This revolutionary change is also in the
case of libraries and information centers.
Libraries and information centers can hardly function today without
computers and information technologies. In the modern world the library
and information profession have been changed and adopted itself to the
development of information and communication technology.
These technologies have acquired the do or die prominence. A well-
equipped library with the facilities of modern information infrastructure and
technologies could satisfy the maximum demand of the present
technologies conscious users.
Today libraries are equipped to accomplish the newly Information
Technology based services. Information Technology enabled services fulfill
the information needs of the users at the right time in the right place to the
right person.

33. THANKYOU