This document discusses the role of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in globalization. It addresses how ICTs have triggered two waves of globalization by lowering communication and transportation costs. Key ICT-related factors driving globalization include increased connectivity between individuals and organizations, the growth of knowledge-based economies, and the rise of e-commerce. The document also provides country-specific examples for the United Arab Emirates and Kenya regarding ICT development and its impact on various sectors.

3.  Definition of Terms
 Introduction
 Role of ICTs in Managing Globalization at the national and
regional levels
 The Role of ICT in triggering Globalization
 Perspectives on globalization and its impact
 The first globalization wave triggered by industrial
technologies
 The new wave triggered by ICT
 Key ICT-related factors driving globalization
 The role of ICT in managing globalization
 Advances in ICT
 The State of ICT in UAE
 Key reasons for the advancement of ICT (Kenyan Scenario)
 Libraries and information sector in Kenya
 Conclusion

4.  Digital Divide
 E-Governance
 Global Digital Divide
 Globalization
 Information Technology
 Information & Communication Technology
 ITU
 KAIPPG
 Microscopy
 Spectroscopy

5.  IT has become ubiquitous
 IT is reshaping the economies and societies
of many countries around the world
 ICT = IT + telecommunication +broadcast
media +audio & video processing +
transmission + network based control &
monitoring functions
 ICT was first used in 1997 in a report by
Dennis Stevenson to the UK Gvt.

6.  It is a means to communicate data and valuable
information that is used in organizational
processes for crucial decision making
 It is a basic infrastructure necessary for the
economic and social development of a country
but also for its scientific and technological
progress
 is a comprehensive concept and parallel concept
with IT, that denotes not only a single unit of
technology but an assemble of technologies
 ICT covers any product that will store, retrieve,
manipulate, transmit or receive information
electronically in a digital form

7.  Technology has held the key to political and economic power.
 IT is clearly visible that the Industrial age technologies has
transformed the world
 From a social, economic and cultural perspective, rapid and
dependable communication became indispensable by the rapid
spread of the telegraph network in the early 1850s throughout
the world within a short period of its first inaugural commercial
service in England in 1839 and in the United States of America in
1844.
 The developed countries were among the leading developers and
early users of ICT
 ICT also presents an opportunity for developing countries to
dramatically improve their economies
 Today, developing countries are taking advantage of declining
prices of ICT products and services

8.  Globalization is a holistic approach to managing
business around the world to obtain maximum
synergy in operations
 the emergence of an integrated global economic
and communication space
 Recognition and dealing with global
opportunities and threats in a strategically and
operationally integrated manner
 Globalization promotes the development of
productive forces, scientific and technological
progress, and economies of scope by
collaboration in design and production across
borders, and improves communication among
peoples and countries

9.  Globalization has greatly improved access of
technological latecomers to advanced
technologies
 globalization is vulnerable to economic and
political setbacks - too many countries try to
manipulate the system for their advantage
 the global economy may become unstable or
succumb to mutual suspicion
 Security of data or databases

10.  development of railways, steamships,
telegraph and telephones, reduced global
transportation and communication costs
 convergence in prices of goods produced
domestically and abroad
 Industrial technologies created cities and
countries and centralized factories and
corporations
 World trade grew at a 50% rate per decade,
international capital investments by 64% per
decade

11.  More nations are involved
 Deeper intensity of interaction and
interdependency
 Many countries transformed their economies
from centrally-planned to market economies
after the cold war - free flow of foreign
capital, goods, services, peoples and ideas
and trade
 The world today
- a seamless whole - a single market
- a single ecosystem - a single community

12. Trigger by ICT
 Individuals & teams work in networks
Drivers of globalization  Increased the value of being connected –
more benefits in being attached to a
network (the wider is the usage of technology applications,
 Lower barriers to the higher are the gains)
trade  Ushered in knowledge-based economy
 Lower barriers to  Fragmentation of production process
investment  Development & integration of commerce
& financial services ( e.g. increased
 Lower transport number of buyers & sellers on the
costs Internet)
 Lower Information  Easier communication allows for
Technology costs – a collaboration among individuals, Small
and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) and
very important corporations
aspect of the  E-mail and the creation of the world-
advancement of ICT wide-web links and organizes digitized
information which can be surfed by a
mainstream browser
 Full potential of B2C and B2B e-
commerce

13.  Complexity and enormity of products and
services
 Organizations moving from hierarchical to
network organizational structures
 Integration of markets and cyberspace
 Open source software
 Transfer from the physical to the digital
domain
 New business models
 Internet's effect on markets and products

14. According to the Global Information
Technology Report by WEF
 Extremely high mobile phone subscription
 This rate when combined with the high usage of
smart phone devices represents an opportunity for
the eGovernment to boost the uptake of online
services by providing more public services through
mobile channels
 Deployment of country-wide fibre network
 This can create an opportunity to shift to cloud
computing in the public sector
 High adoption of online social networks
 eGovernment programs in the country need to have a
plan on how to leverage this opportunity to enrich
their engagement with the public.

15.  Fibre Optic Technologies
 Internet and Television
 Telecommunications Networking
 Banking Sector
 Health Sector
 Library and Information Management
 Radio and TV Broadcasting
 Mobile Phone Industry
 Elections and transparency in Governments
 Ownership and Internet
 Virtualization and cloud computing

16.  Libraries and Information Sector
 Controls in Telecommunication Services
 Eradication of poverty and economic growth
 Education Sector
 Health Sector
 HIV/AIDS
 The Judiciary

17.  In the future the main challenge for a country like
Kenya to keep abreast with the global trends in
ICT, it needs to become increasingly proactive
rather than reactive in the further development of
information and communication technology, both
in the rural and the urban population
 In order for Kenya to participate fully in the
global ICT sector it must develop and work hard
to meet world standards
 This will contribute to improve capacity building,
growth and an improved utilization of technology
in all sectors in the country.