This document discusses ethics in information and communication technologies (ICT). It analyzes how ICT has developed and consolidated in society. While ICT allows for quick information sharing, its use raises ethical issues depending on how it impacts socioeconomic gaps and private gain. The document examines ICT usage through the lenses of three ethical theories: Kant's categorical imperative theory finds current ICT use in developing countries unethical; utilitarian theory could consider ICT's use ethical if it improves many people's lives; and Rawls' justice as fairness theory views current ICT use as totally unethical. In conclusion, ICT itself is not inherently good or bad - its ethics depend on how it is applied and minimum standards may need
Big Data can generate, through inferences, new knowledge and perspectives. The paradigm that results from using Big Data creates new opportunities. Big Data has great influence at the governmental level, positively affecting society. These systems can be made more efficient by applying transparency and open governance policies, such as Open Data. After developing predictive models for target audience behavior, Big Data can be used to generate early warnings for various situations. There is thus a positive feedback between research and practice, with rapid discoveries taken from practice.
DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.14677.17120
Big Data can generate, through inferences, new knowledge and perspectives. The paradigm that results from using Big Data creates new opportunities. Big Data has great influence at the governmental level, positively affecting society. These systems can be made more efficient by applying transparency and open governance policies, such as Open Data. After developing predictive models for target audience behavior, Big Data can be used to generate early warnings for various situations. There is thus a positive feedback between research and practice, with rapid discoveries taken from practice.
DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.14677.17120
1Ethical issues arising from use of ICT technologiesStud.docxdrennanmicah
1
Ethical issues arising from use of ICT technologies
Student’s Name
Professor’s Name
Course Title
Date
Ethical issues arising from use of ICT technologies
Introduction
Information and communication technology (ICT) has undergone significant transformation since time in memorial. The impact of the scientific innovations in information technology and communication has impacted various institutions in diverse. In business, for instance, ICT has enhanced production techniques, marketing, entrepreneurship, finance management, human resource management, and many other operational activities. The significant impacted brought with ICT techniques promotes operational efficiency, effectiveness, accountability, and accuracy. However, various ethical issues surrounding the implementation and use of the technology are greatly impounding the system’s utility and operation mechanism. Ethics in this regard can be defined as any cultural, traditional, political or social issues considerably associated with the use, misuse, implication or impact of the ITC services to the society. As a result, the reasoning behind the application of the services must be mechanized in the confines of the social, political, economic and religious principles to affirm total acceptance in the society [2]. Where is the ethical issue according to scenario??
‘Emerging Technology’ is a term associated with linked with life cycle ideas in technology in which the technological societies design the innovative paradigm. The life cycles of technology can be categorized into five basic aspects or phases basing on the emerging technological techniques. These include discovery or technological innovations, technological emergency, technological sublime, technological recognition and technological superfluous. The current state of research and innovation is objectively leading to tremendous technological evolutions that should considerably be evaluated for ethical fitness and acceptance to the society.
Identification of ethical values
Defining ICT is complex basing on the function of a computer as an information processing machine. Information process has currently impacted most of the technical support strategies that aimed at providing a regulatory measure to curb emerging legal issues in technology. In the same manner, the application of ICT especially in the communication aspect is drastically following the same path with too much integrated and pervasive issues that are an annoyance to the society. A conclusive and comprehensive understanding of ethical and social issues regarding ICT is required to be categorically defined in a broad perspective. The definition should comprehensively describe the social-technical systems applied in the use of the network, computer, and information technology [2]. The assertive definition should deduce the significant effect of the computer system in the manner of human interaction globally and its impact on b.
1
An Introduction to Data Ethics
MODULE AUTHOR:1
Shannon Vallor, Ph.D.
William J. Rewak, S.J. Professor of Philosophy, Santa Clara University
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction 2-7
PART ONE:
What ethically significant harms and benefits can data present? 7-13
Case Study 1
PART TWO:
Common ethical challenges for data practitioners and users
Case Study 2
Case Study 3 25-28
PART THREE:
What are data practitioners’ obligations to the public? 29-33
Case Study 4
PART FOUR:
What general ethical frameworks might guide data practice?
PART FIVE:
What are ethical best practices for data practitioners? 48-56
Case Study 5 57-58
Case Study 6 58-59
APPENDIX A: Relevant Professional Ethics Codes & Guidelines (Links) 60
APPENDIX B: Bibliography/Further Reading 61-63
1 Thanks to Anna Lauren Hoffman and Irina Raicu for their very helpful comments on an early draft of this module.
33-39
39-47
13-16
17-21
21-25
2
An Introduction to Data Ethics
MODULE AUTHOR:
Shannon Vallor, Ph.D.
William J. Rewak, S.J. Professor of Philosophy, Santa Clara University
1. What do we mean when we talk about ‘ethics’?
Ethics in the broadest sense refers to the concern that humans have always had for figuring out
how best to live. The philosopher Socrates is quoted as saying in 399 B.C. that “the most important
thing is not life, but the good life.”2 We would all like to avoid a bad life, one that is shameful
and sad, fundamentally lacking in worthy achievements, unredeemed by love, kindness, beauty,
friendship, courage, honor, joy, or grace. Yet what is the best way to obtain the opposite of this
– a life that is not only acceptable, but even excellent and worthy of admiration? How do we
identify a good life, one worth choosing from among all the different ways of living that lay open
to us? This is the question that the study of ethics attempts to answer.
Today, the study of ethics can be found in many different places. As an academic field of study,
it belongs primarily to the discipline of philosophy, where it is studied either on a theoretical
level (‘what is the best theory of the good life?’) or on a practical, applied level as will be our
focus (‘how should we act in this or that situation, based upon our best theories of ethics?’). In
community life, ethics is pursued through diverse cultural, religious, or regional/local ideals and
practices, through which particular groups give their members guidance about how best to live.
This political aspect of ethics introduces questions about power, justice, and responsibility. On a
personal level, ethics can be found in an individual’s moral reflection and continual strivings to
become a better person. In work life, ethics is often formulated in formal codes or standards to
which all members of a profession are held, such as those of medical or legal ethics. Professional
ethics is also taught in dedicated courses, such as business ethics. ...
A New Technology Creates New Ethical Dilemmas New computer techn.docxmehek4
A New Technology Creates New Ethical Dilemmas
New computer technologies for gathering, storing, manipulating, and communicating data are revolutionizing the use and spread of information. Along the way, they are also creating ethical dilemmas. The speed and efficiency of electronic information systems, which include local and global networks, databases, and programs for processing
information, force people to confront entirely new rights and responsibilities in their use of information and to reconsider standards of conduct shaped before the advent of computers.
The Importance of Ethics in Information Systems
Information is a source of power and, increasingly, the key to prosperity among those with access to it. Consequently, developments in information systems also involve social and political relationships-- thus, making ethical considerations in how information is used is all the more important. Electronic systems now reach into all levels of government, into the workplace, and into private lives to such an extent that even people without access to these systems are affected in significant ways by them. New ethical and legal decisions are necessary to balance the needs and rights of everyone.
Ethics Fill the Gap as Legal Decisions Lag Behind Technology
As in other new technological arenas, legal decisions lag behind technical developments. Ethics fill the gap as people negotiate how the use of electronic information should proceed.
Ethical Issues Specific to Electronic Information Systems
The broad issues relating to electronic information systems include control of and access to information, privacy and misuse of data, and international considerations. All of these extend to electronic networks, electronic databases, and, more specifically, to geographic information systems. Specific problems within each of the three areas, however, require slightly different kinds of ethical decisions.
-----
**Research some recent information ethics news stories and share them with the class. What types of issues are arising because of technology? What should be done to address these issues? Please note that you are being asked to do some research...please cite your sources accordingly using in-text citations and APA format for your references at the end of the text.**
.
LEGISLATIVE COORDINATION AND CONCILIATIONS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS ASS...Karlos Svoboda
Pathways towards responsible ICT Innovation
Policy Brief Abstract ICT has an immediate and broad impact on the lives of most individuals. Ethical scrutiny is not well established. Existing ethics review mechanisms are not suited for many of the ethical issues that ICT is likely to cause in the future. Europe has the unique opportunity to show international leadership by pointing the way to how human rights, ethical values and moral norms can be explicitly considered in technology development. The ETICA project (Ethical Issues of Emerging ICT Applications, GA 230318) provides the basis for a new enlightened approach to the development, governance and use of emerging ICT. MAY 2011 PE 460.346 EN
1Ethical issues arising from use of ICT technologiesStud.docxdrennanmicah
1
Ethical issues arising from use of ICT technologies
Student’s Name
Professor’s Name
Course Title
Date
Ethical issues arising from use of ICT technologies
Introduction
Information and communication technology (ICT) has undergone significant transformation since time in memorial. The impact of the scientific innovations in information technology and communication has impacted various institutions in diverse. In business, for instance, ICT has enhanced production techniques, marketing, entrepreneurship, finance management, human resource management, and many other operational activities. The significant impacted brought with ICT techniques promotes operational efficiency, effectiveness, accountability, and accuracy. However, various ethical issues surrounding the implementation and use of the technology are greatly impounding the system’s utility and operation mechanism. Ethics in this regard can be defined as any cultural, traditional, political or social issues considerably associated with the use, misuse, implication or impact of the ITC services to the society. As a result, the reasoning behind the application of the services must be mechanized in the confines of the social, political, economic and religious principles to affirm total acceptance in the society [2]. Where is the ethical issue according to scenario??
‘Emerging Technology’ is a term associated with linked with life cycle ideas in technology in which the technological societies design the innovative paradigm. The life cycles of technology can be categorized into five basic aspects or phases basing on the emerging technological techniques. These include discovery or technological innovations, technological emergency, technological sublime, technological recognition and technological superfluous. The current state of research and innovation is objectively leading to tremendous technological evolutions that should considerably be evaluated for ethical fitness and acceptance to the society.
Identification of ethical values
Defining ICT is complex basing on the function of a computer as an information processing machine. Information process has currently impacted most of the technical support strategies that aimed at providing a regulatory measure to curb emerging legal issues in technology. In the same manner, the application of ICT especially in the communication aspect is drastically following the same path with too much integrated and pervasive issues that are an annoyance to the society. A conclusive and comprehensive understanding of ethical and social issues regarding ICT is required to be categorically defined in a broad perspective. The definition should comprehensively describe the social-technical systems applied in the use of the network, computer, and information technology [2]. The assertive definition should deduce the significant effect of the computer system in the manner of human interaction globally and its impact on b.
1
An Introduction to Data Ethics
MODULE AUTHOR:1
Shannon Vallor, Ph.D.
William J. Rewak, S.J. Professor of Philosophy, Santa Clara University
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction 2-7
PART ONE:
What ethically significant harms and benefits can data present? 7-13
Case Study 1
PART TWO:
Common ethical challenges for data practitioners and users
Case Study 2
Case Study 3 25-28
PART THREE:
What are data practitioners’ obligations to the public? 29-33
Case Study 4
PART FOUR:
What general ethical frameworks might guide data practice?
PART FIVE:
What are ethical best practices for data practitioners? 48-56
Case Study 5 57-58
Case Study 6 58-59
APPENDIX A: Relevant Professional Ethics Codes & Guidelines (Links) 60
APPENDIX B: Bibliography/Further Reading 61-63
1 Thanks to Anna Lauren Hoffman and Irina Raicu for their very helpful comments on an early draft of this module.
33-39
39-47
13-16
17-21
21-25
2
An Introduction to Data Ethics
MODULE AUTHOR:
Shannon Vallor, Ph.D.
William J. Rewak, S.J. Professor of Philosophy, Santa Clara University
1. What do we mean when we talk about ‘ethics’?
Ethics in the broadest sense refers to the concern that humans have always had for figuring out
how best to live. The philosopher Socrates is quoted as saying in 399 B.C. that “the most important
thing is not life, but the good life.”2 We would all like to avoid a bad life, one that is shameful
and sad, fundamentally lacking in worthy achievements, unredeemed by love, kindness, beauty,
friendship, courage, honor, joy, or grace. Yet what is the best way to obtain the opposite of this
– a life that is not only acceptable, but even excellent and worthy of admiration? How do we
identify a good life, one worth choosing from among all the different ways of living that lay open
to us? This is the question that the study of ethics attempts to answer.
Today, the study of ethics can be found in many different places. As an academic field of study,
it belongs primarily to the discipline of philosophy, where it is studied either on a theoretical
level (‘what is the best theory of the good life?’) or on a practical, applied level as will be our
focus (‘how should we act in this or that situation, based upon our best theories of ethics?’). In
community life, ethics is pursued through diverse cultural, religious, or regional/local ideals and
practices, through which particular groups give their members guidance about how best to live.
This political aspect of ethics introduces questions about power, justice, and responsibility. On a
personal level, ethics can be found in an individual’s moral reflection and continual strivings to
become a better person. In work life, ethics is often formulated in formal codes or standards to
which all members of a profession are held, such as those of medical or legal ethics. Professional
ethics is also taught in dedicated courses, such as business ethics. ...
A New Technology Creates New Ethical Dilemmas New computer techn.docxmehek4
A New Technology Creates New Ethical Dilemmas
New computer technologies for gathering, storing, manipulating, and communicating data are revolutionizing the use and spread of information. Along the way, they are also creating ethical dilemmas. The speed and efficiency of electronic information systems, which include local and global networks, databases, and programs for processing
information, force people to confront entirely new rights and responsibilities in their use of information and to reconsider standards of conduct shaped before the advent of computers.
The Importance of Ethics in Information Systems
Information is a source of power and, increasingly, the key to prosperity among those with access to it. Consequently, developments in information systems also involve social and political relationships-- thus, making ethical considerations in how information is used is all the more important. Electronic systems now reach into all levels of government, into the workplace, and into private lives to such an extent that even people without access to these systems are affected in significant ways by them. New ethical and legal decisions are necessary to balance the needs and rights of everyone.
Ethics Fill the Gap as Legal Decisions Lag Behind Technology
As in other new technological arenas, legal decisions lag behind technical developments. Ethics fill the gap as people negotiate how the use of electronic information should proceed.
Ethical Issues Specific to Electronic Information Systems
The broad issues relating to electronic information systems include control of and access to information, privacy and misuse of data, and international considerations. All of these extend to electronic networks, electronic databases, and, more specifically, to geographic information systems. Specific problems within each of the three areas, however, require slightly different kinds of ethical decisions.
-----
**Research some recent information ethics news stories and share them with the class. What types of issues are arising because of technology? What should be done to address these issues? Please note that you are being asked to do some research...please cite your sources accordingly using in-text citations and APA format for your references at the end of the text.**
.
LEGISLATIVE COORDINATION AND CONCILIATIONS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS ASS...Karlos Svoboda
Pathways towards responsible ICT Innovation
Policy Brief Abstract ICT has an immediate and broad impact on the lives of most individuals. Ethical scrutiny is not well established. Existing ethics review mechanisms are not suited for many of the ethical issues that ICT is likely to cause in the future. Europe has the unique opportunity to show international leadership by pointing the way to how human rights, ethical values and moral norms can be explicitly considered in technology development. The ETICA project (Ethical Issues of Emerging ICT Applications, GA 230318) provides the basis for a new enlightened approach to the development, governance and use of emerging ICT. MAY 2011 PE 460.346 EN
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
2. OBJECTIVES
Explain and analyze how they have developed the
information technology and communications.
Show an ethical vision of the use of ICT
3. CONSOLIDATION OF ICT IN SOCIETY
Today, these technologies are
part of virtually all companies,
both public and private.
allow store and transmit
information quickly and easily.
Individuals have become so
accustomed to their use, which in
its transformation to the term
information society, has taken to
express the widespread use of
these technologies currently
4. IMPORTANCE TO BE CHARGED AT
PRESENT.
Large increase in technological innovation (development
of fiber optics, digital technology, among others) which
has allowed internet access diversify.
Changes in the legislative framework, directly or
indirectly, have encouraged the use of these technologies.
Increased interest from the authorities (policies to apply
to society).
5. USE OF THE ICT FROM THE POINT
OF VIEW ETHICS
The diversity of views is what has caused a major
controversy about whether ICTs are being used in an ethical
way.
ICTs are being used to increase the existing socioeconomic
gap.
6. ETHICAL THEORIES USED IN
YOUR STUDY
KANT
Developed in 1724-1804
It was made with formulations of his
categorical rule, where you can find the
guidelines for analyzing whether an act or
conduct is ethical or not.
This theory is widely used in the economic
study of ethical situations and obviously the
use of ICT has an impact in this area
The use that is being given to ICTs in
developing countries, is like a mechanic to
gain access comfortably, to try and increase
sales between classes with more economic
power.
In conclusion the uses of ICT are not
ethically used from the point of vita Kant,
since it really is seeking private gain instead
of global
THEORY UTILITARIAN
It was mainly developed by Jeremy
Bentham (1948-1932) and John Stuart
Mill (1806-1873)
This theory is based on reason, in
order to achieve a future benefit
This ethical system is based on the
mode of action depends on the
consequences
Applying this theory to the use of
technology, has the potential to
improve the socioeconomic situation of
a greater number of people, you could
consider its implementation and use in
serious ethical if mime.
THEORY OF THE DISTRIBUTIVE
JUSTICE AND JUSTICE AS FAIRNESS
It developed in the twentieth century by
John Rawls (1921-2002).
Is properly adjusted to the environment
generated by tic, since the study of
remote desirability, especially in the
field of social and political
organization.
In short, from the point of view of the
theory d justice as fairness, the use
made of these technologies can have a
total lack of ethics
7. CONCLUSION
Based on the three ethical theories used it can be said that ICTs themselves
are good depending on the use made of, given that utilization can generate
unethical situations, requiring that before promoting the development of
society of information in a country, a number of minimum requirements to
avoid actions that may lead to bad uses thereof are established.