Ethical issues in ICT technologies

1
Ethical issues arising from use of ICT technologies
Student’s Name
Professor’s Name
Course Title
Date
Introduction
Information and communication technology (ICT) has
undergone significant transformation since time in memorial.
The impact of the scientific innovations in information
technology and communication has impacted various
institutions in diverse. In business, for instance, ICT has
enhanced production techniques, marketing, entrepreneurship,
finance management, human resource management, and many
other operational activities. The significant impacted brought
with ICT techniques promotes operational efficiency,
effectiveness, accountability, and accuracy. However, various
ethical issues surrounding the implementation and use of the
technology are greatly impounding the system’s utility and
operation mechanism. Ethics in this regard can be defined as

any cultural, traditional, political or social issues considerably
associated with the use, misuse, implication or impact of the
ITC services to the society. As a result, the reasoning behind
the application of the services must be mechanized in the
confines of the social, political, economic and religious
principles to affirm total acceptance in the society [2]. Where
is the ethical issue according to scenario??
‘Emerging Technology’ is a term associated with
linked with life cycle ideas in technology in which the
technological societies design the innovative paradigm. The life
cycles of technology can be categorized into five basic aspects
or phases basing on the emerging technological techniques.
These include discovery or technological innovations,
technological emergency, technological sublime, technological
recognition and technological superfluous. The current state of
research and innovation is objectively leading to tremendous
technological evolutions that should considerably be evaluated
for ethical fitness and acceptance to the society.
Identification of ethical values
Defining ICT is complex basing on the function of a
computer as an information processing machine. Information
process has currently impacted most of the technical support
strategies that aimed at providing a regulatory measure to curb
emerging legal issues in technology. In the same manner, the
application of ICT especially in the communication aspect is
drastically following the same path with too much integrated
and pervasive issues that are an annoyance to the society. A
conclusive and comprehensive understanding of ethical and
social issues regarding ICT is required to be categorically
defined in a broad perspective. The definition should
comprehensively describe the social-technical systems applied
in the use of the network, computer, and information technology
[2]. The assertive definition should deduce the significant effect

of the computer system in the manner of human interaction
globally and its impact on biodiversity. Where is 2 important
ethical values related to scenario??
Key fundamental challenges arising from ICT are
slowly rendering significant impact to responsive innovation
and research in technology. Inherent flexibility has since
alluded to logical malleability [4]. Inaccessibility to legal
information has caused the misuse and misinterpretation of the
rights and policies regarding ICT innovation and its integration
into the society. There is enormous ambiguity with regard to the
pervasive nature of technologies. The increase is this
pervasiveness is resulting to clear demarcation of boundaries
between features, systems, and functionality. The speed at
which these ICT innovations are occurring accrues anticipation
of significant consequences for a more problematic society than
the one we have today. In addition, functionality and
applicability of the ICT techniques arising from the emerging
innovation are coupled with adverse complexity which is
attributed to concrete operational features well known by
professionals. It is therefore important to consider
simplification and education of the ICT features to the general
public. ICTs are increasingly interlinked and highly complex,
making attribution of discrete features and functionality to
individual researchers, developers, or strategists conceptually
and empirically impossible.
The legislative and cultural policies that are used to
determine the ethical lines are poorly being managed. All
innovators’ objectives are linked much of socio-economic
benefits rather that cultural impact to it has on the society. The
policies used to establish the accountability and significance of
the ICTs with regard to ethics are infact clearly unidentified.
The ethical issues established an only base on basic institutional
policies and service-oriented funding. The rationale is under
which funders and policymakers contribute to ICT research and
innovation should be defined within the confines of the socio-
economic factors to enhance the involvement of both the state

and general public. Also, researchers have a clear understanding
of what can be achieved through the confines of the policies.
Publication in ICT, with this regard, is done in favor of the
underlying problem-solution objective regardless of the
significant impact to the society. you have to discuss ethical
analysis using ethical theories framework, in the ques there has
4 principle. Nothing was described according to scenario
The issues in ICT arise in specific ICT applications:
ambient intelligence, affective computing, and artificial
intelligence, quantum computing, cloud computing,
bioelectronics, human-machine symbiosis, neuro-electronics,
future internet, and robotics. The question of justification of the
right or wrong is explicitly a great concern in view of the
society. “The speed and impact of technology research and
development have exacerbated this problem leading to calls for
a better ethics which has been answered from various
perspectives [1].”
The question of privacy policies has been highlighted
as one of the key issues in question. The policy privacy being
created alongside the emerging technology does not meet the
substantive measures for information privacy and protection.
This significantly leads to great ambiguity in data management
analysis and presentation. Also, the concerns about personal
autonomy and how it is affected by the emerging technologies is
eliciting a mixed reaction as well. Technology ought to create
more of self-awareness with regard to environmental issues.
This will intern provide a framework for the application of the
ICT techniques safeguarding human interaction with the
environment. Another important aspect of ICT ethical issues is
identity.
Ethical codes, standards, and professionals related to ICT
Due increase in ICT independent groups for ICT, the code and
ethics vary: ICCP Code of ethics includes:
1. A significant level of knowledge and skills.
2. Conserved relationships with customers.
3. Complete reliability of ethical practices and standards of

conduct
4. The adherence to ethical code[3]
SANs IT code of Ethics includes:
1) I will do your best to know myself and exhibit honesty in my
capability.
2) I will observe integrity and professionalism while conducting
ICT related practices in pursuit of business growth.
3) I value confidentiality and privacy [3]
You have to discuss the findings and justify from ethical and
practical angles
In whole part you have discussed just only about ICT…. Read
the question and answer properly
Conclusion
The ethical codes define the policies related to laws and
regulation applicable in ICT. The professional guidelines and
standards of operating ICT services are designed with specific
ethical values which describe the social, economic and political
measures valued in the various scopes of life and the significant
impact of the ICT practices to human existence and interaction
in the environment. The ICT regulatory bodies in charge of
ethical codes include; Association of Information Technology
Professionals, Cyber Security Computer Consultants,
Computing Technology, Independent Systems Security
Association, Industry Association and Association for Computer
Operations Management[4].
References

1. B. C. Stahl, Ethical issues of emerging ICT applications. In
Ethical Governance of Emerging Technologies Development
(2013). (pp. 39-50). IGI Global.
2. B. C., Stahl, & S. Rogerson, Landscapes of ethical issues of
emerging ICT applications in Europe. In 8th International
Conference Computer Ethics: Philosophical Enquiry (2009,
June). (pp. 719-737).
3. B. C., Stahl, & S. Rogerson,. 15. Ethical issues of emerging
ICT applications—a Euro-landscape1. Professionalism in the
information and communication technology industry, (2013)
321.
4. B. C., Stahl, J., Timmermans, & C. Flick, Ethics of Emerging
Information and Communication TechnologiesOn the
implementation of responsible research and innovation. Science
and Public Policy, (2017) 44(3), 369-381.
Unit Code MN501
Assessment Details and Submission Guidelines
Unit Title Network Management in Organisations
Term, Year Term‐2, 2018
Assessment Type Assessment Title Purpose of the assessment
(with ULO Mapping)
Assignment‐2

This assignment assesses the following Unit Learning
Outcomes; students should be able to demonstrate their
achievements in them.
Analyse ethical, professional standards and codes of practice
in relation to ICT
systems;
Understand the importance of team work, collaboration and
life‐long learning in the workplace.
Weight 20%
Total Marks 100
Word range 800 ‐ 1200
Due Date Week‐11 Tuesday 23:55 PM.
Submission
Guidelines
All work must be submitted on Moodle by the due date along
with a completed
Assignment Cover Page. The assignment must be in MS Word
format, 1.5
spacing, 11‐pt Calibri (Body) font and 2 cm margins on all four
sides of your page
with appropriate section headings. Reference sources must
be cited in the
text of the report and listed appropriately at the end in a
reference list using
IEEE referencing style.
Extension If an extension of time to submit work is
required, a Special Consideration Application must be
submitted directly on AMS. You must submit this
application three working days prior to the due date of the

assignment. Further information is available at:
Academic
Misconduct
Academic Misconduct is a serious offence. Depending on the
seriousness of the case, penalties can vary from a written
warning or zero marks to exclusion from the course or
rescinding the degree. Students should make themselves
familiar with the full policy and procedure available. For
further information, please refer to the Academic Integrity
Section in your Unit Description.
Assignment Description
Students should form a group of five (5) students from the same
laboratory class. You must not change
the group membership unless approved by your tutor. Tutor will
then allocate one of the topics listed
in Table 1 to each group.
All students must collaborate in this group assignment and
contribute equally. Group leader should
report their progress on a weekly basis to relevant tutor. Every
student must participate in
peer assessment on the Spark‐ Plus system.

Investigate and report on the ethical issues raised in this case
Topic 4: A computer company is writing the first stage of a
more efficient accounting system that will be used by the
government. This system will save tax payers a considerable
amount of money every year. A computer professional, who is
asked to design the accounting system, assigns different parts of
the system to her staff. One person is responsible for developing
the reports; another is responsible for the internal processing;
and a third for the user interface. The manager is shown the
system and agrees that it can do everything in the requirements.
The system is installed, but the staff finds the interface so
difficult to use that their complaints are heard by upper level
management. Because of these complaints, upper‐level
management will not invest any more money in the development
of the new accounting system and they go back to their original,
more expensive system.
(
MN501
) (
Network
Management
in
Organisations
) (
Page

2
of
5
)
NOTE: Please show a draft version of your group assignment in
Week 10 to the tutor so he/she can provideyou with verbal
feedback and check your research approach/writing.
(
August
2018
)
Marking criteria:
You must use the following aspects as headings for your report.
Aspects Description of the
section Marks
1. Introduction to the case/
scenario
Introduce the ethical issue/s that arise in the
10
case/scenario and describe these clearly.
2. Identification of ethical values
Identify at least 2 important ethical values related to
20
the scenario and explain their relevance to the case. Use peer
reviewed academic sources.

3. Analysis of ethical issues using ethical theories framework
Conduct an ethical analysis using ethical theories
30
framework (consequence, duty, contract and character-based
theories). Use ethical principles from these theories, apply it to
the scenario, and conduct your analysis. Arguments need to be
stated clearly and backed up using peer‐reviewed sources.
4. Discussion on your findings Discuss your findings here
in detail. What would be 20
your final decision? Explain why this is the best decision.
Justify from ethical and practical angles.
5. Conclusion Write a conclusion to
summaries the research works you 10
did, and state your final decision. No new information should be
included in the conclusion.
6. Referencing Follow IEEE reference
style 10
Total 100
Marking Rubric:
Grade
Mark
HD
80‐100%
DI
70‐79%
CR
60‐69%
P
50‐59%

Fail
<50%
Excellent Very Good Good
Satisfactory Unsatisfactory
Introduction to the case/scenario
/10
/20
Analysis of ethical issues using ethical theories framework
/30
Discussion of your findings
/20

Conclusion
/10
Referencing
/10
Information is excellent. Case is explained very succinctly
Demonstrated excellent ability to think critically and sourced
reference material appropriately. Ethical values discussed using
peer reviewed academic sources
Logic is clear and easy to follow with strong arguments.
Excellent integration of ethical theories in the context of the
case
Excellent discussion of findings in the case study. Clear
justification of
their final decision in the case using
arguments.
Conclusion is excellent offering insights in to the case and
summary of report
Clear styles with excellent source of references.
Case information is clearly presented

Demonstrate ed very good ability to think critically. Ethical
values are listed and explained using academic sources
Very good discussion of ethical theories in the context of the
case supported through academic argument
Very good discussion of findings in the case
study. Final decision in the case explained
Conclusion
is very good
and provides insights in to case and summary of work
Clear referencing style
Case explanation is presented and good attempt at it
Demonstrated
ability to think
critically and
sourced reference material appropriately. Ethical values are
explained. Academic sources are not integrated fully
Good attempt at explaining the ethical theories in the context of
the case using
some academic
sources
Good attempt at discussion of findings in the case. Final
decision is
listed but requires more work
Conclusion discusses the case and major findings
Generally good referencing style

Case explanation is satisfactory
Demonstrated ability to think critically and did not source
reference material appropriately. Ethical values need to be
justified clearly
Ethical theories are integrated within the case to some extent.
However, requires more extensive work
Made some effort in discussing the case study findings. No
clear evidence of justification of decision
Conclusion includes summary of work but requires more work
Sometimes clear referencing style
Case is not clear. Hard to follow
Did not demonstrate ability to think critically and did not
source reference material appropriately. Ethical values are not
discussed
No evidence of ethical theories and their relevance to
the case

Poor discussion of findings. Lacks
coherence and
justification
Conclusion is not written very well and has new information
Lacks consistency with many errors
Unit Code MN501
Assessment Details and Submission Guidelines
Unit Title Network Management in Organisations
Term, Year Term‐2, 2018
Assessment Type Assessment Title Purpose of the assessment
(with ULO Mapping)
Assignment‐2

This assignment assesses the following Unit Learning
Outcomes; students should be able to demonstrate their
achievements in them.
Analyse ethical, professional standards and codes of practice
in relation to ICT
systems;
Understand the importance of team work, collaboration and
life‐long learning in the workplace.
Weight 20%
Total Marks 100
Word range 800 ‐ 1200
Due Date Week‐11 Tuesday 23:55 PM.
Submission
Guidelines
All work must be submitted on Moodle by the due date along
with a completed
Assignment Cover Page. The assignment must be in MS Word
format, 1.5
spacing, 11‐pt Calibri (Body) font and 2 cm margins on all four
sides of your page
with appropriate section headings. Reference sources must
be cited in the
text of the report and listed appropriately at the end in a
reference list using
IEEE referencing style.
Extension If an extension of time to submit work is
required, a Special Consideration Application must be
submitted directly on AMS. You must submit this
application three working days prior to the due date of the
assignment. Further information is available at:

Academic
Misconduct
Academic Misconduct is a serious offence. Depending on the
seriousness of the case, penalties can vary from a written
warning or zero marks to exclusion from the course or
rescinding the degree. Students should make themselves
familiar with the full policy and procedure available. For
further information, please refer to the Academic Integrity
Section in your Unit Description.
Assignment Description
Students should form a group of five (5) students from the same
laboratory class. You must not change
the group membership unless approved by your tutor. Tutor will
then allocate one of the topics listed
in Table 1 to each group.
All students must collaborate in this group assignment and
contribute equally. Group leader should
report their progress on a weekly basis to relevant tutor. Every
student must participate in
peer assessment on the Spark‐ Plus system.

Investigate and report on the ethical issues raised in this case
Topic 4: A computer company is writing the first stage of a
more efficient accounting system that will be used by the
government. This system will save tax payers a considerable
amount of money every year. A computer professional, who is
asked to design the accounting system, assigns different parts of
the system to her staff. One person is responsible for developing
the reports; another is responsible for the internal processing;
and a third for the user interface. The manager is shown the
system and agrees that it can do everything in the requirements.
The system is installed, but the staff finds the interface so
difficult to use that their complaints are heard by upper level
management. Because of these complaints, upper‐level
management will not invest any more money in the development
of the new accounting system and they go back to their original,
more expensive system.
(
MN501
) (
Network
Management
in
Organisations
) (
Page
2

of
5
)
NOTE: Please show a draft version of your group assignment in
Week 10 to the tutor so he/she can provideyou with verbal
feedback and check your research approach/writing.
(
August
2018
)
Marking criteria:
You must use the following aspects as headings for your report.
Aspects Description of the
section Marks
1. Introduction to the case/
scenario
Introduce the ethical issue/s that arise in the
10
case/scenario and describe these clearly.
2. Identification of ethical values
Identify at least 2 important ethical values related to
20
the scenario and explain their relevance to the case. Use peer
reviewed academic sources.
3. Analysis of ethical issues using ethical theories framework

Conduct an ethical analysis using ethical theories
30
framework (consequence, duty, contract and character-based
theories). Use ethical principles from these theories, apply it to
the scenario, and conduct your analysis. Arguments need to be
stated clearly and backed up using peer‐reviewed sources.
4. Discussion on your findings Discuss your findings here
in detail. What would be 20
your final decision? Explain why this is the best decision.
Justify from ethical and practical angles.
5. Conclusion Write a conclusion to
summaries the research works you 10
did, and state your final decision. No new information should be
included in the conclusion.
6. Referencing Follow IEEE reference
style 10
Total 100
Marking Rubric:
Grade
Mark
HD
80‐100%
DI
70‐79%
CR
60‐69%
P
50‐59%
Fail
<50%

Excellent Very Good Good
Satisfactory Unsatisfactory
Introduction to the case/scenario
/10
/20
Analysis of ethical issues using ethical theories framework
/30
Discussion of your findings
/20

Conclusion
/10
Referencing
/10
Information is excellent. Case is explained very succinctly
Demonstrated excellent ability to think critically and sourced
reference material appropriately. Ethical values discussed using
peer reviewed academic sources
Logic is clear and easy to follow with strong arguments.
Excellent integration of ethical theories in the context of the
case
Excellent discussion of findings in the case study. Clear
justification of
their final decision in the case using
arguments.
Conclusion is excellent offering insights in to the case and
summary of report
Clear styles with excellent source of references.
Case information is clearly presented
Demonstrate ed very good ability to think critically. Ethical

values are listed and explained using academic sources
Very good discussion of ethical theories in the context of the
case supported through academic argument
Very good discussion of findings in the case
study. Final decision in the case explained
Conclusion
is very good
and provides insights in to case and summary of work
Clear referencing style
Case explanation is presented and good attempt at it
Demonstrated
ability to think
critically and
sourced reference material appropriately. Ethical values are
explained. Academic sources are not integrated fully
Good attempt at explaining the ethical theories in the context of
the case using
some academic
sources
Good attempt at discussion of findings in the case. Final
decision is
listed but requires more work
Conclusion discusses the case and major findings
Generally good referencing style
Case explanation is satisfactory

Demonstrated ability to think critically and did not source
reference material appropriately. Ethical values need to be
justified clearly
Ethical theories are integrated within the case to some extent.
However, requires more extensive work
Made some effort in discussing the case study findings. No
clear evidence of justification of decision
Conclusion includes summary of work but requires more work
Sometimes clear referencing style
Case is not clear. Hard to follow
Did not demonstrate ability to think critically and did not
source reference material appropriately. Ethical values are not
discussed
No evidence of ethical theories and their relevance to
the case
Poor discussion of findings. Lacks

coherence and
justification
Conclusion is not written very well and has new information
Lacks consistency with many errors

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