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This document discusses internal combustion engines and provides an overview of experimental setup and data analysis. It describes the basics of 4-stroke engines and differences between gasoline and diesel engines. The experimental setup section outlines various measurement devices used like thermocouples, pressure sensors, and flow meters. Data analysis examines cylinder pressure diagrams and calculated work and efficiency values at different engine loads. Engine maps are also introduced which show efficiency contours and operational limits.
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This document provides an overview of internal combustion engines, including their basic operating cycle and differences between gasoline and diesel engines. It describes the experimental setup used to collect engine data, including measurement devices for fuel mass flow, air mass flow, temperature, pressure, and others. The document analyzes engine cylinder pressure data and pressure-volume diagrams to calculate indicated work, efficiency, and engine performance maps. It concludes by thanking the audience and inviting questions.
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Ic engine ies gate ias 20 years question and answers
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ICE Presentation
- 1. Internal Combustion Engines By: Christopher Bader, Shadae Boakye-Yiadom, Jane Modes, Spenser Pawlik, Anna Starodubtseva
- 2. Agenda ICE Basics Experimental Setup Data Analysis 2
- 3. ICE Basics 3
- 4. Internal Combustion Engines 4-Stroke Operating Cycle 4
- 5. Gasoline vs. Diesel 5 Diesel Gasoline Ideal Thermodynamic Process Isobaric heat addition Isochoric heat addition Maximum Cylinder Pressure 200 bar 130 bar Thermal Efficiency 40 - 45% 35 - 40% [1] Method of Ignition Compression (self-ignition) Spark (electric) Load Control Fuel guided Throttle Fuel Injection Pressure 2000 - 2500 bar 100 - 150 bar Piston Head [1] http://large.stanford.edu/courses/2011/ph240/goldenstein2/
- 7. Measurement Devices ● Thermocouples ● Pt-100 ● Dynamic Fuel Measurement ● Piezo-resistive ● Piezo-electric Air Mass Flow Hot wire anemometer Flow Meter 7 Temperature Fuel Mass Flow Pressure
- 8. Real Engine Test Bed Scheme 8
- 11. P-V Diagram for Ideal and Calculated 4-Stroke Diesel Engine 11 Ideal Calculated
- 12. P-V Diagram for Ideal and Calculated 4-Stroke Diesel Engine 12 Calculated Mean Effective Pressure 2 bar 10 bar Maximum Load Indicated Work 175.9 J 568.6 J 1083.4 J Indicated Efficiency 50.9% 45.4% 44.4% Effective Efficiency 28.4% 39% 39.7% Calculated Indicated Work and Engine Efficiency
- 13. P-V Diagram for Ideal and Calculated 4-Stroke Diesel Engine 13 Mean Effective Pressure 2 bar 10 bar Maximum Load Indicated Work 175.9 J 568.6 J 1083.4 J Indicated Efficiency 50.9% 45.4% 44.4% Effective Efficiency 28.4% 39% 39.7% Calculated Indicated Work and Engine Efficiency
- 14. Engine Maps The limits of the engine map are: ● Surge Line: highest pressure turbocharger can produce before the air begins to flow back ● Max Load: maximum power the engine can produce ● Max Temperature: highest exhaust temperature turbocharger can handle ● Min Speed: lowest RPM engine can operate at ● Max Speed: highest RPM engine can operate at The contour lines show specific fuel consumption (Kg/KW*h). The lower the number, the more efficient the engine is running. 14
- 15. Danke schӧn! (Thank you) Questions? 15 annastar@umich.edu | baderc@umich.edu | jmodes@umich.edu | shadae@umich.edu | spenspaw@umich.edu
Editor's Notes
- throttle: not direct, loss in mass flow and pressure causes lower efficiency fuel guided (direct injection)
- Higher load = absolute power needed for high/low pressure pump and power generated increases, relative value decreases b/c power generated > power needed … effective efficiency increases SAME FOR FRICTION - absolute value increases, relative value decreases
- Higher load = absolute power needed for high/low pressure pump and power generated increases, relative value decreases b/c power generated > power needed … effective efficiency increases SAME FOR FRICTION - absolute value increases, relative value decreases
- Higher load = absolute power needed for high/low pressure pump and power generated increases, relative value decreases b/c power generated > power needed … effective efficiency increases SAME FOR FRICTION - absolute value increases, relative value decreases