Presentation made at the European Heat Pump Summit, Nuremberg Oct 2019

2. 2
Accelerating the decarbonization of Industrial
and Commercial sectors in India using
Heat Pumps
Aspiration Cleantech Ventures,India
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4. • Our Unique Selling Proposition(USP)
• Customers include
Pioneers of Industrial Heat Pumps
4
Technological Innovation
• High Temperature Heat Pumps : Successful
operations of 90 Deg C Industrial Heat Pumps for
more than a year
• R&D in CO2 based natural refrigerants with
• NTNU, Norway
• IIT Madras, India
Financial Innovation
• Energy as a Service or ESCO
• Rental model
• Deferred Payment options

5. 5
The Big Picture

6. India is a top Renewable Energy producer
Source : IRENA
204
97
51
34
175
50 46
27
0
50
100
150
200
250
China USA Germany India
Cumulative Renewable Energy Installed Capacity in GW – December 2018
Wind Solar PV
Global Total
• Wind – 568 GW
• Solar PV – 480 GW

7. India’s Electricity is getting Greener
1110.18
1172.98
1241.38
1303.37
1365.786
61.78 65.78 81.54 101.83 116.786
5.56% 5.61%
6.57%
7.81%
8.55%
0.00%
1.00%
2.00%
3.00%
4.00%
5.00%
6.00%
7.00%
8.00%
9.00%
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19
Share of Renewable Electricity
Overall Generation (Billlion kWh) Renewable Generation (Billion kWh) % share of RE
Source : MNRE, CEA

8. But Industrial sector still relies heavily on
Fossil Fuels..
Energy demand by fuel in selected end-use sectors in India
Source : International Energy Agency

9. Electrification and Decarbonization of
everything (using RE) is the way forward..
– Transportation
– Electric Vehicles instead of IC Engines
– Consumer lifestyle
– Cooking (Appliances like microwave ovens, induction stoves, etc) instead of
LPG and biomass
– Cleaning(Washing Machines) instead of manual cleaning
– Industrial
– Hot Water generation using Heat Pumps, instead of fossil fuel burners

10. Decarbonization of Heat
–Need for Hot Water(<100 Deg C) in Industrial applications
–Fuels that can be replaced
–Coal
–Diesel
–Kerosene
–LPG
–CNG
–Electricity (induction based)
–LDO

11. Decarbonization of Heat
Fuels that can be replaced
• Coal
• Diesel
• Kerosene
• Liquified Petroleum Gas(LPG)
• Natural Gas
• Electricity (resistance based)
• Furnace Oil
Need for Hot Water(<100 Deg C) in Industrial
applications

12. Decarbonization of Heat - Sources
Solar Thermal Heat Pump

13. 13
Heat Pump Case Studies
- Industrial Sector
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14. Case Studies - Industrial
1. High Temperature for Surface Treatment Applications
a. Plating
b. Phosphating
2. Combined Heating and Cooling in a Paint shop
3. Diesel Generator Head Preheating
4. Hot Water generation for Washing Glasses
5. Heat Pump assisted Wastewater Evaporization
6. Air Heating

15. 1. High Temperature for Surface Treatment
Applications – Plating and Phosphating
• Customer - A leading auto component manufacturer
• Application – Surface Cleaning
• Hot water requirement –
• Plating - 7 pre-treatment tanks, and each tank to be maintained at 70-75 Deg C
• Phosphating – 4 pre-treatment tanks, each tank to be maintained at 80-85 Deg C
• Source of heat replaced – Kerosene(SKO) Boiler consuming around 400 Ltrs of SKO per day
• Financial Model Innovation – Energy Services Performance Contracting (ESCO)

16. 1. Heat Pumps – The details
• Heat Pumps
• Condenser side of the heat pump replaced the boiler
• Evaporator side was used to recover the waste heat from oil coolers.
S. No. Description Plating Plant Phosphating Plant
1 Heat Pump Type 3 X Parallel Coupled Water Source 2 X Parallel Coupled Water Source
2 Total Heating Capacity 111 kW 136 kW
Total Cooling Capacity 66 kW 79 kW
3 Power Consumption 41.7 kW 51 kW
4 COP 2.67 2.67
5 Heat Source
Oil Cooler Return Line Oil Cooler Return Line
(25-30 °C) (25-30 °C)
6 Heat Sink
7 Nos of Pretreatment Tanks 4 Nos of Pretreatment Tanks
(70-75 °C) (80-85 °C)
7 Heating Medium Water Water
8 Heat Transfer Method
Indirect Heating - Plate Heat
Exchanger
Indirect Heating - Plate Heat Exchanger
9 Refrigerant R1234ze(E) R1234ze(E)
10 Compressor Type High Temperature Scroll Compressor High Temperature Scroll Compressor
11 Backup Source Electrical Heaters Electrical Heaters

17. 1a. Plating Shop – Performance Comparison
S. No. Description
Plating Plant
Before HP After HP
1 Primary Energy Source SKO Fired Boiler Water Source Heat
Pump
2 Backup Energy Source Standby SKO Fired
Boiler
Electrical Heaters
3 Heating Medium Thermic Oil Water
4 Heat Transfer Method Immersion Coil Heat
Exchanger
Plate Heat Exchanger
5 Fuel/Energy
Consumption per day
385 LPD 1050 kWh
6 Fuel/Energy Cost Rs. 65 /liter Rs. 6.3 /kWh
7 Energy Bill per year Rs. 83.42 L Rs. 21.73 L

18. 1b. Phosphating Shop – Performance Comparison
S.
No.
Description
Phosphating Plant
Before HP After HP
1 Primary Energy Source SKO Fired Boiler Water Source Heat Pump
2 Backup Energy Source Standby SKO Fired
Boiler
Electrical Heaters
3 Heating Medium Thermic Oil Water
4 Heat Transfer Method Immersion Coil
Heat Exchanger
Plate Heat Exchanger
5 Fuel/Energy Consumption
per day
360 LPD 1244 kWh
6 Fuel/Energy Cost Rs. 65/liter Rs. 6.3 /kWh
7 Energy Bill per year Rs. 78 L Rs. 21.62 L

19. Financial Innovation – Energy Services Contracting
• Term – 10 Years
• Billing – Based on kCal delivered
• Ownership of Assets – Aspiration Cleantech Ventures, will be transferred to customer at the end of the
contract period.
• Operation and Maintenance – Aspiration Energy
• Savings Calculation – Against baseline set at the beginning of the contract
• To protect the downside, there is a minimum guaranteed billing

20. 2. Combined Heating and Cooling in a Paint shop
S. No. Description Painting Plant
1 Heat Pump Type 4 X Parallel Coupled Water Source
2 Total Heating Capacity 260 kW
Total Cooling Capacity 172 kW
3 Power Consumption 102 kW
4 COP 2.67
5 Heat Source Electrodeposition Tank
(25-30 °C)
6 Heat Sink 4 Nos of Pretreatment Tanks
(60-70 °C)
7 Heating Medium Water
8 Heat Transfer Method Indirect Heating - Plate Heat Exchanger
9 Refrigerant R1234ze(E)
10 Compressor Type High Temperature Scroll Compressor
11 Backup Source LPG Fired Boiler
• Customer - A leading two-wheeler automobile
manufacturer
• Application – Surface Cleaning in Paint Shop
• Hot water requirement –4 pre-treatment tanks, each tank
to be maintained at 60-70 Deg C
• Source of heat replaced – Liquified Petroleum Gas(LPG)
Boiler consuming around 650 kg of LPG per day
• Combined Heating and Cooling
• Condenser side - replaced the fired boiler
• Evaporator side - replaced the chiller which was
used for electro deposition process.

21. 2. Combined Heating and Cooling in a Paint shop
S.
No.
Description
Painting Plant
Before HP After HP
1 Primary Energy Source LPG Fired Boiler Water Source Heat
Pump
2 Backup Energy Source No Standby LPG Fired Boiler
3 Heating Medium Water Water
4 Heat Transfer Method Plate Heat
Exchanger
Plate Heat
Exchanger
5 Fuel/Energy
Consumption per day
650 kg/day + 700
kWh/day
1800 kWh
6 Fuel/Energy Cost Rs. 50 /kg Rs. 8 /kWh
7 Energy Bill per year Rs. 125.73 L Rs. 47.52 L

22. 3. Diesel Generator Head Preheating
• Customer – Automotive parts manufacturer
• Application – Diesel Generator Head Heating
• Hot water requirement –To reduce the startup
time of diesel generators, the engine heads are
required to maintained at a temperature range
of 60-70 °C.
• Source of heat replaced – Electric Heaters

23. 3. Diesel Generator Head Preheating
S.
No.
Description Before HP After HP
1 Application Engine Head Preheating
2 Energy Source Circulation Electrical
Heater
Air Source Heat Pump
3 Heat required for
Operation
32,680 kcal/hr 32,680 kcal/hr
4 Heating Medium Water Water
5 Heat Transfer Method Circulation Heater Plate Heat Exchanger
6 Heat Source Electrical Energy Ambient Heat
7 Heat Sink DG Engine Head DG Engine Head
8 Heater/Heat Pump
operating Temperature
75 deg. C 75 deg. C
9 Engine Head Water
Temperature
63 deg. C 63 deg. C
10 Energy Consumption
per day
348 kWh 145 kWh
11 Energy Cost Rs. 8 /kWh Rs. 8 /kWh
12 Energy Bill per year Rs. 9.19 L Rs. 3.83 L

24. 4. Hot Water generation for Washing Glasses
• Customer – Manufacturer of Glasses
• Application – Glass washing before the start of
tempering process
• Hot water requirement –Heating of cleaner
solutions that are maintained at the temperature
of 60 Deg C
• Source of heat replaced – Electric Heaters

25. 4. Hot Water generation for Washing Glasses
S.
No.
Description Before HP After HP
1 Application Glass Washer
2 Energy Source Immersion Electrical
Heater
Air Source Heat Pump
3 Heat required for
Operation
12 kW 11 kW
4 Heating Medium Cleaner Solution Cleaner Solution
5 Heat Transfer Method Immersion Heater Direct Heating
6 Heat Source Electrical Energy Ambient Heat
7 Heat Sink Washer Tank Washer Tank
8 Heater/Heat Pump
operating Temperature
60 deg. C 60 deg. C
9 Energy Consumption
per day
192 kWh 72 kWh
10 Energy Cost Rs. 8 /kWh Rs. 8 /kWh
11 Energy Bill per year Rs. 4.6 L Rs. 1.73 L

26. 5. Heat Pump Assisted Wastewater Evaporization
S.
No.
Description Before HP After HP
1 Application Waste Water Evaporator
2 Energy Source Immersion Electrical
Heater
Air Source Heat Pump
3 Heat required for
Operation
30 kW 28 kW
4 Heating Medium Water Water
5 Heat Transfer Method Immersion Heaters Direct Heating
6 Heat Source Electrical Energy Ambient Heat
7 Heat Sink Evaporator Evaporator
8 Heater/Heat Pump
operating
Temperature
80 deg. C 80 deg. C
9 Energy Consumption
per day
360 kWh 132 kWh
10 Energy Cost Rs. 8 /kWh Rs. 8 /kWh
11 Energy Bill per year Rs. 9.5 L Rs. 3.49 L
• Customer – An automotive parts
manufacturer
• Application – Wastewater Evaporization
• Hot water requirement –80 deg C
Water
• Source of heat replaced – Electric
Heaters

27. 6. Air Heating for Drying of Racks
S.
No.
Description Before HP After HP
1 Application Air Heating – Paint Dryer X 2 Nos
2 Energy Source Diesel Fired Boiler Air Source Heat Pump
3 Heat required for
Operation
20,967 kcal/hr 24,080 kcal/hr
4 Heating Medium Water Water
5 Heat Transfer Method Air Heating Coil Air Heating Coil
6 Heat Source Diesel Ambient Heat
7 Heat Sink Paint Dryer X 2 Nos Paint Dryer X 2 Nos
8 Boiler/Heat Pump
operating Temperature
80-85 deg. C 80-85 deg. C
9 Air Temperature to be
maintained
40-45 deg. C 40-45 deg. C
10 Energy Consumption per
day
31.78 kg & 43.96 kWh 150 kWh
11 Energy Cost Rs. 78 /Liter Rs. 9 /kWh
12 Energy Bill per year Rs. 8.97 L Rs. 4.21 L
• Customer – Warehouse pallet racking and shelving system manufacturer
• Application – Drying paints
• Hot Air requirement –Air temperature at 40-45 Deg C for 2 dryers
• Source of heat replaced – Diesel boiler

28. 28
Heat Pump Case Studies
- Commercial Sector
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29. Commercial Case Studies
Hotels – Bathing application
– Liquefied Petroleum Gas(LPG) replacement at a Business Hotel
– Diesel replacement at a Tourist resort
Hospitals
– Liquefied Petroleum Gas(LPG) replacement at a major Hospital chain

30. 1. Liquefied Petroleum Gas(LPG) replacement at a
Business Hotel
Air Source Heat Pump
Fan
Louvre
ColdAircoming
OutofHeatPump
HotAirEntering
HeatPump
Storage
Tank
55 °C
• Customer – Business Hotel with ~ 100 rooms
spread over 9 floors
• Application – Bathing and Handwashing
• Hot Water requirement – 55 Deg C
• Source of heat replaced – Diesel boiler

31. 1. Liquefied Petroleum Gas(LPG) replacement at a
Business Hotel
S.
No.
Description Before HP After HP
1 Application Hot Water Generation for Bathing/Handwashing
2 Energy Source LPG Fired Boiler Air Source Heat Pump
3 Heat required for
Operation
34,212 kcal/hr 24,080 kcal/hr
4 Heating Medium Water Water
5 Heat Transfer Method Immersion Coil Heat
Exchanger
Direct Heating
6 Heat Source LPG Ambient Heat
7 Heat Sink Calorifier Tank Calorifier Tank
8 Heater/Heat Pump
operating Temperature
65-70 deg. C 55 deg. C
9 Energy Consumption per
day
34 kg 95 kWh
10 Energy Cost Rs. 77 /kg Rs. 8 /kWh
11 Energy Bill per year Rs. 9.55 L Rs. 2.77 L

32. 2. Diesel replacement at a Tourist resort
S.
No.
Description Before HP After HP
1 Application Hot Water Generation for Bathing/Handwashing
2 Energy Source Diesel Fired Steam Boiler Air Source Heat Pump
3 Heat required for Operation 23,100 kcal/hr 24,080 kcal/hr
4 Heating Medium Water Water
5 Heat Transfer Method Immersion Coil Heat
Exchanger
Direct Heating
6 Heat Source Diesel Ambient Heat
7 Heat Sink Calorifier Tank Calorifier Tank
8 Boiler/Heat Pump operating
Temperature
140-145 deg. C 55 deg. C
9 Energy Consumption per
day
62.7 Liters 192 kWh
10 Energy Cost Rs. 62 /Liter Rs. 8.5 /kWh
11 Energy Bill per year Rs. 14 L Rs. 6 L
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OperatingCost/dayinRs.
Heat Pump Vs Boiler Operating Cost/day
Heat Pump Operating Cost Average Boiler Operating Cost
– Tourist resort with 117 Rooms used diesel fired boiler to generate hot water for bathing/Handwashing.
– Heat Pump now provides heat to a centralized calorifier tank where the hot water is distributed to the
different areas of the resort.

33. 3. Liquefied Petroleum Gas(LPG) replacement at a
major Hospital chain
S.
No.
Description Before HP After HP
1 Application Hot Water for Bathing
2 Energy Source LPG fired Boiler Air Source Heat Pump
3 Heat required for
Operation
14 kW 14 kW
4 Heating Medium Water Water
5 Heat Transfer Method Direct Heating Direct Heating
6 Heat Source LPG Ambient Heat
7 Heat Sink Calorifier Tank Calorifier Tank
8 Heater/Heat Pump
operating Temperature
55 deg. C 55 deg. C
9 Energy Consumption
per day
12.6 kg 45 kWh
10 Energy Cost Rs. 77/kg Rs. 8 /kWh
11 Energy Bill per year Rs. 3.54 L Rs. 1.31 L
– Customer is a leading woman and child healthcare hospital that used LPG boiler to generate hot water for it’s
maternity ward.
– Heat Pump now provides heat to a centralized calorifier tank where the hot water is distributed to all the rooms.

34. 34
Common Challenges
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35. Common Challenges
1. Design - Sizing
i. Difficulty in finding current energy consumption pattern
2. Operation & Maintenance Challenges
i. Handling of Pretreatment Solutions/Colloidal Solutions
ii. Choking of Heat Exchangers
iii. Oily/Dusty Evaporator Coil
iv. Unbalanced Heating and Cooling Demands
v. Insufficient Flow Rates

36. Heat Pump Sizing
– Main parameters required for Heat Pump Sizing:
a. Fuel Consumption/Electrical Energy Consumption/Water Consumption rate
b. Temperature Lift
c. Ambient Temperature/Heat Source
– Constraints:
a. No record of fuel consumption data
b. Ambiguity in production rate
c. Difficulty in measuring the above parameters during production hours
d. Meeting the same heat transfer rate in the heat exchanger while running the heat pump

37. O&M Challenges
1. Handling of Pretreatment Solutions/Colloidal Solutions:
i. Pretreatment solutions are difficult to circulate through the heat
exchangers.
ii. Because of the impurities in the solution, frequent cleaning of
heat exchangers is required.
2. Choking in Heat Exchangers
i. In pretreatment tanks and industrial washers, the dust
particles or impurities in the solution settles over the heat
exchanger plates during circulation. Eventually this leads to
choking in the heat exchanger.
ii. Physical or chemical cleaning is required depending on the
choking level and fluid used.

38. O&M Challenges
3. Oily/Dusty Evaporator Coil:
i. In air source heat pump, Oily/dusty particles over the evaporator coil reduces the heat availability
for the heat pump.
ii. Monthly or Quarterly maintenance is required to have stable heat output.

39. O&M Challenges
4. Unbalanced Heating and Cooling Demands:
i. Cooling demand is less than Evaporator capacity. Overcooling at the source side will
reduce the condenser heat rejection rate.
ii. When connecting heat pump with high capacity chiller, sudden cooling by the chiller on
Evaporator will affect the condenser heat rejection rate.
5. Insufficient Flow Rates:
i. Insufficient flow rates will reduce the heat transfer rate.

40. 40
Conclusion
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41. Conclusion
– India is moving towards decarbonizing heat
– Heat Pumps have several applications in
– Industrial sectors
– Commercial sectors
– Heat Pumps also have their own set of Operation & Maintenace Challenges
– Lot of potential for collaborative Research and Development(R&D) of High
Temperature Industrial Heat Pumps
– Business model innovations can also help grow the market

42. 42
Thank you for your
kind attention.
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