ICAR Indian Council of Agricultural Research.pptx
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ICAR is an autonomous body responsible for agricultural education and research in India. ICAR comes under the Department of Agricultural Research and Education (DARE), Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Government of India. The ICAR has its headquarters at New Delhi. The Council is responsible for co-ordinating, guiding and managing research and education in agriculture including horticulture, fisheries and animal sciences in the entire country. The Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) is an autonomous body responsible for co-ordinating agricultural education and research in India. It reports to the Department of Agricultural Research and Education, Ministry of Agriculture. The Union Minister of Agriculture serves as its president. It is the largest network of agricultural research and education institutes in the world. The committee to Advise on Renovation and Rejuvenation of Higher Education (Yashpal Committee, 2009) has recommended setting up of a constitutional body – the National Commission for Higher Education and Research – which would be a unified supreme body to regulate all branches of higher education including agricultural education. Presently, regulation of agricultural education is the mandate of ICAR, Veterinary Council of India (Veterinary sub-discipline) and Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education (Forestry sub-discipline). A number of natural resource management institutes of India also come under the ICAR. The Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), popularly known as Pusa Institute, began in 1905 at Pusa (Bihar). The institute was then known as Agricultural Research Institute (ARI) which functioned with five departments, namely Agriculture, Cattle Breeding, Chemistry, Mycology and Bacteriology. In 1919, it was renamed as Imperial Agricultural Research Institute. The institute was shifted from Pusa (Bihar) to Delhi on 29th July 1936 Post independence, the institute has been renamed as Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI). The Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, played a great role in Green Revolution and Human Resource Management. IARI continues its efforts to bring Evergreen Revolution for sustainable food and nutrition of the country.
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Presentation on icar
The document discusses the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR). It details that ICAR is the apex body for coordinating and managing agricultural research and education in India. It has 101 research institutes and oversees 71 agricultural universities. The document outlines ICAR's divisions which coordinate research in areas like crops, fisheries, animals, and natural resources. It also lists some of ICAR's achievements, such as increasing food grain production in India and developing thousands of high-yielding crop varieties.
Indian counsil of agriculture research (icar)
The Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) is an autonomous body responsible for coordinating agricultural education and research in India. It comes under the Ministry of Agriculture and has its headquarters in New Delhi. ICAR has 101 institutes and 71 agricultural universities across India, making it one of the largest agricultural research systems in the world. It plays a key role in coordinating and managing research and education related to agriculture, horticulture, fisheries, and animal sciences. Within ICAR, the Fisheries Science Division coordinates research and academic programs related to fisheries and aquaculture across its institutes. Some of ICAR's achievements include increasing food grain, horticultural crop, fish, milk, and egg production significantly since
Ethnobotany
Ethnobotany as an interdisciplinary science is, therefore, in a position to contribute to development of the wealth of traditional knowledge of the indigenous people concerning their natural systems and environment, their knowledge on utilization and maintenance of plant resources on a long-term basis without damaging or destroying their habitats.
Ethnobotanical data can be utilized by economic botanists to discover new plant resources, to provide fresh ideas for environment planners, as a tool for basic selection of plant species for development of drugs by pharmacologists, phytochemists and clinicians, as a new source of history through the study of plant names by linguists, as a source for locating new germ plasm for agriculturists, etc. Some works on ethnobotany performed only in last decades of 20th century.
Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)
The Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) is the apex body responsible for coordinating agricultural education and research in India. It has played a key role in India's Green Revolution by increasing food grain production 5 times since 1951. ICAR has over 100 research institutes and oversees 70 agricultural universities across the country. Its mandate is to undertake, promote and coordinate education, research and outreach in agriculture and allied fields to improve food security and rural development in India.
Ethnobotany: Definition, Development, Impact on traditional medicines & herba...
Ethnobotany is the study of relationships between people and plants. It examines how human cultures interact with and use indigenous plants. Ethnobotany has impacted traditional medicine by informing the evaluation and discovery of herbal drugs. Proper harvesting, processing, and storage of plants as described by ethnobotanical knowledge helps ensure conservation and safe preparation of medicinal plants. Skills in botany, anthropology, and linguistics are required to understand a culture's plant perceptions and terminology. Examples of important drugs derived from ethnobotanical approaches include artemisinin, codeine, and tetrahydrocannabinol.
Ethnobotany
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This document discusses global trends in Indian medicinal plants. It notes that India has immense biodiversity with over 45,000 plant species, 18,000 of which have medicinal value. There is high and growing demand for important medicinal plants both domestically and globally. However, 80% of medicinal plants are currently extracted from the wild, which is unsustainable. The document calls for increased conservation, cultivation, and quality control efforts to better meet global demand for Indian medicinal plants in a sustainable way.
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Presentation on icar
The document discusses the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR). It details that ICAR is the apex body for coordinating and managing agricultural research and education in India. It has 101 research institutes and oversees 71 agricultural universities. The document outlines ICAR's divisions which coordinate research in areas like crops, fisheries, animals, and natural resources. It also lists some of ICAR's achievements, such as increasing food grain production in India and developing thousands of high-yielding crop varieties.
Indian counsil of agriculture research (icar)
The Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) is an autonomous body responsible for coordinating agricultural education and research in India. It comes under the Ministry of Agriculture and has its headquarters in New Delhi. ICAR has 101 institutes and 71 agricultural universities across India, making it one of the largest agricultural research systems in the world. It plays a key role in coordinating and managing research and education related to agriculture, horticulture, fisheries, and animal sciences. Within ICAR, the Fisheries Science Division coordinates research and academic programs related to fisheries and aquaculture across its institutes. Some of ICAR's achievements include increasing food grain, horticultural crop, fish, milk, and egg production significantly since
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Ethnobotany as an interdisciplinary science is, therefore, in a position to contribute to development of the wealth of traditional knowledge of the indigenous people concerning their natural systems and environment, their knowledge on utilization and maintenance of plant resources on a long-term basis without damaging or destroying their habitats.
Ethnobotanical data can be utilized by economic botanists to discover new plant resources, to provide fresh ideas for environment planners, as a tool for basic selection of plant species for development of drugs by pharmacologists, phytochemists and clinicians, as a new source of history through the study of plant names by linguists, as a source for locating new germ plasm for agriculturists, etc. Some works on ethnobotany performed only in last decades of 20th century.
Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)
The Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) is the apex body responsible for coordinating agricultural education and research in India. It has played a key role in India's Green Revolution by increasing food grain production 5 times since 1951. ICAR has over 100 research institutes and oversees 70 agricultural universities across the country. Its mandate is to undertake, promote and coordinate education, research and outreach in agriculture and allied fields to improve food security and rural development in India.
Ethnobotany: Definition, Development, Impact on traditional medicines & herba...
Ethnobotany is the study of relationships between people and plants. It examines how human cultures interact with and use indigenous plants. Ethnobotany has impacted traditional medicine by informing the evaluation and discovery of herbal drugs. Proper harvesting, processing, and storage of plants as described by ethnobotanical knowledge helps ensure conservation and safe preparation of medicinal plants. Skills in botany, anthropology, and linguistics are required to understand a culture's plant perceptions and terminology. Examples of important drugs derived from ethnobotanical approaches include artemisinin, codeine, and tetrahydrocannabinol.
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global trends of indian medicinal plant ppt.pptx
This document discusses global trends in Indian medicinal plants. It notes that India has immense biodiversity with over 45,000 plant species, 18,000 of which have medicinal value. There is high and growing demand for important medicinal plants both domestically and globally. However, 80% of medicinal plants are currently extracted from the wild, which is unsustainable. The document calls for increased conservation, cultivation, and quality control efforts to better meet global demand for Indian medicinal plants in a sustainable way.
Ethnobotany
This document discusses the field of ethnobotany, which is the study of relationships between plants and humans in particular cultures. It examines how ethnobotanists explore how different peoples use plants for food, shelter, medicine, clothing, and religious ceremonies. Some key figures in the development of ethnobotany are mentioned, such as John Harshberger who coined the term. Different branches of ethnobotany are also outlined. The document emphasizes that ethnobotany requires both botanical and anthropological training to understand cultural plant concepts. Examples of some medicinal plants from South America and India are provided, and the significance of medicinal plants for developing new drugs and protecting human and environmental health is discussed.
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Global Market: Share
Indian Medicinal Plant Sector Profile
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Why Quality Control?
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Factors contributing to variation in the content and composition of raw materials.
Quality Control Parameters for Medicinal Plant Materials
Limits of Microbial Contamination : (WHO,2006)
Parameters involved in the Quality Evaluation of Herbal Drugs
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Standards for Medicinal plants
Quality control Standards
Quality Demands from Global Markets
Genesis of GAP & GFCP
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Criteria for Good Field Collection Practice
Certification process: At a Glance
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ICAR Indian Council of Agricultural Research भारतीय कृषि अनुसंधान परिषद
ICAR Indian Council of Agricultural Research भारतीय कृषि अनुसंधान परिषद
The Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) is an autonomous organisation under the Department of Agricultural Research and Education (DARE), Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare , Government of India. Formerly known as Imperial Council of Agricultural Research, it was established on 16 July 1929 as a registered society under the Societies Registration Act, 1860 in pursuance of the report of the Royal Commission on Agriculture. The ICAR has its headquarters at New Delhi. The Council is the apex body for co-ordinating, guiding and managing research and education in agriculture including horticulture, fisheries and animal sciences in the entire country. With 101 ICAR institutes and 71 agricultural universities spread across the country this is one of the largest national agricultural systems in the world. The ICAR has played a pioneering role in ushering Green Revolution and subsequent developments in agriculture in India through its research and technology development that has enabled the country to increase the production of foodgrains by 5.4 times, horticultural crops by 10.1 times, fish by 15.2 times, milk 9.7 times and eggs 48.1 times since 1951 to 2017, thus making a visible impact on the national food and nutritional security. It has played a major role in promoting excellence in higher education in agriculture. It is engaged in cutting edge areas of science and technology development and its scientists are internationally acknowledged in their fields.
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NBPGR-National Bureau of plant genetic Resources.
The National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources (NBPGR) was established in 1976 in India in response to the effects of the Green Revolution on agrobiodiversity. It plays a pivotal role in improving crops and facilitating crop diversification through germplasm collection and conservation. NBPGR has its headquarters in New Delhi and 10 regional stations located across India's phyto-geographical zones to support its work in exploration, evaluation, and maintenance of plant genetic resources. It draws guidelines from various committees and works to effectively manage plant genetic resources in harmony with international agreements.
Ethnobotany & Ethnopharmacology.pptx
Ethnobotany and ethnopharmacology involve the scientific study of how different ethnic groups use plants for medicinal purposes. The document discusses the impact of ethnobotany on herbal drug evaluation and traditional medicine. It describes how ethnobotany helps identify new plant-based drugs and molecular models through processes like bioassay-guided purification and structure elucidation. Ethnopharmacology plays a key role in evaluating traditionally used herbal medicines and validating their therapeutic effects through controlled clinical studies.
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The document discusses how promoting the cultivation of medicinal plants can help double farmer's incomes in India. It notes rising global demand for herbal products presents an opportunity. Key points made include: (1) Medicinal plant cultivation can utilize marginal lands and provide stable incomes compared to crops like bajra; (2) Government schemes support medicinal plant nurseries and cultivation; (3) Research institutes are involved in development of medicinal plant cultivation. In conclusion, the untapped market potential offers opportunities for farmers to generate income through medicinal plant farming.
Protection of plant varieties and farmers' rights act
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This ppt contains all about the different types pf phytochemicals and their significance in classification in plant taxonomy.
Ethnobotany, history of ethnobotany, aims and objective of ethnobotany, scope...
in this presentation a brief note is given about what is ethnobotany. history of ethnobotany. what is the scope of ethnobotany. which are the aims and objective of ethnobotany. and also uses of ethnobotany.
Intellectual property rights(ipr)
The document discusses intellectual property rights (IPR) related to plant varieties in India. It provides a history of IPR in India and describes the main forms of IPR - patents, copyrights, trade secrets, and plant breeders' rights. It focuses on plant breeders' rights and the Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers' Rights Act 2001 (PPVFR), which aims to recognize farmers' contributions and encourage new plant variety development. The PPVFR establishes rules for registering new varieties, extant varieties, farmers' varieties, and essentially derived varieties to protect plant breeders' and farmers' rights in India.
Ethnobotanical study
This document outlines the steps for conducting an ethnobotanical study and screening collected plants. It involves selecting an unexplored study area, collecting ethnobotanical knowledge from local people, classifying and preserving collected plant species, screening 10 plants for further analysis using qualitative and quantitative methods, and extracting, amplifying, and detecting DNA from samples. The goal is to systematically evaluate traditional uses of plants and characterize the biochemical and molecular basis of these uses.
Quality control parameters for medicinal plants
Content of Presentation
Global Market: Share
Indian Medicinal Plant Sector Profile
Area and production of Medicinal and Aromatic plants in India
Why Quality Control?
What is Quality control?
Factors contributing to variation in the content and composition of raw materials.
Quality Control Parameters for Medicinal Plant Materials
Limits of Microbial Contamination : (WHO,2006)
Parameters involved in the Quality Evaluation of Herbal Drugs
The Cost of Poor Quality
Standards for Medicinal plants
Quality control Standards
Quality Demands from Global Markets
Genesis of GAP & GFCP
Criteria for Good Agricultural Practices
Criteria for Good Field Collection Practice
Certification process: At a Glance
Voluntary Certification Scheme for Medicinal Plant Produce (VCSMPP)
Conclusion
Presentation on Plant Introduction
Plant introduction involves introducing plants from their native environment to a new environment. It can involve new crop varieties, wild relatives of crops, or entirely new crop species. Primary introduction releases varieties well-suited to the new environment without alterations, while secondary introduction subjects introduced varieties to selection or hybridization to develop improved varieties. The main plant introduction agency in India is the National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, which coordinates other agencies and maintains a gene bank. It has several substations for acclimatizing introduced plant materials in different climatic zones across India. Other agencies involved in plant introduction are the Forest Research Institute and Botanical Survey of India.
Plant drug cultivation- Durgashree Diwakar
Pharmacognosy is the objective study of crude drugs of animal, vegetable and mineral origin, treated scientifically.
Pharmacognosy is the study of medicine derived from natural sources that include plants, animals, and microorganisms, and the scope of the field depends on knowledge about the safety, purity, and efficacy of complex multicompound products.
Herbal pharmacognosy is the application of this science specifically to traditional herbal medicine sources.
Tissue culture techniques
This document provides an overview of plant tissue culture techniques. It discusses the history and milestones of tissue culture, including the development of the Murashige and Skoog medium. The document describes the various types of tissue culture, choice of explant, regeneration pathways, and applications. It also discusses hairy root culture and the recognition of tissue culture facilities. The techniques of sterilization, culture growth, and plant regeneration are outlined. Advantages and disadvantages of tissue culture are presented.
Plant Breeders' Rights
This document discusses plant breeders' rights, which provide intellectual property protection for new plant varieties. It defines plant breeders' rights, explains why they exist and their requirements. Plant breeders' rights give breeders exclusive commercial rights over a new plant variety for 25-30 years, allowing them to profit from their work and stimulate new variety development. The document outlines the rights and exceptions covered by plant breeders' rights and their role in encouraging the seed industry and genetic resources.
THE PROTECTION OF PLANT VARIETIES & FARMER’S ACT, 2001 And THE PPV & FR R...
This document discusses the Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers' Rights Act of 2001 in India. It provides background on why the act was passed, its key objectives to protect plant breeders' and farmers' rights. It outlines the criteria for registering plant varieties including that they must be novel, distinct, uniform, and stable. The document also describes the process for applying for plant variety registration and receiving a certificate, including examination of applications and conducting DUS testing. The Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers' Rights Authority was established to administer the act.
Economic Botany:Centers of Origin
It is a comprehensive account for a part of Core Course VI : Economic Botany Paper: Centers of Origin and Vavilov's work
Ibpgr the international board for plant genetic resources
The International Board for Plant Genetic Resources (IBPGR) was established in 1974 to advance conservation and use of plant genetic resources. It funded training of scientists worldwide, collected 200,000 crop samples from 120 countries, and developed a genetic resources database. In 1991, IBPGR became the International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI) and took on additional initiatives like establishing genetic resource programs and merging with other organizations to further plant conservation efforts.
Herbarium
This document discusses herbariums, which are collections of preserved plant specimens. It outlines the aims of herbariums as preserving plants, contributing to scientific studies, and informing the public. There are three main types: national, regional, and local. The techniques for creating herbarium specimens involve collecting, pressing, drying, poisoning, mounting, labeling, and storing plants. Major steps are collection, pressing, drying, mounting, labeling, and storage in cabinets following a classification system. Herbariums play an important role in research, education, and conservation by preserving specimens and geographical distributions. Several important herbariums in India are highlighted.
Plant genetic resources
This document summarizes the plant genetic resources of India. It discusses the agro-ecological regions and centers of diversity in India. It provides an appraisal of the genetic diversity found in crop plants and wild plants of agricultural importance. It describes the build-up of genetic resources through exploration and collection activities in the 1970s, both within India and abroad via germplasm exchange. It discusses future plans for exploration and collection. It addresses genetic resources conservation through both in-situ and ex-situ methods. It provides references and an appendix with additional information.
Ppvfr act 2001
The document summarizes India's Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers Rights Act of 2001. The Act provides for plant breeders' rights over new plant varieties to promote agriculture development. It also protects farmers' rights by allowing them to save, use, exchange and sell farm-saved seed of protected varieties. Eligible varieties must be distinct, uniform and stable to qualify for protection for 15-18 years.
Intellectual property rights neem
The document discusses the case of biopiracy involving the neem tree, which is native to India. It describes how Western corporations took out patents on neem-based pesticides, threatening the livelihoods of Indian farmers. While the European Patent Office revoked a patent on neem, the US patent remains. The document argues that India needs to challenge international agreements like TRIPS that fail to recognize traditional knowledge and allow biopiracy to continue.
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Ethnobotany, history of ethnobotany, aims and objective of ethnobotany, scope...
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Ibpgr the international board for plant genetic resources
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Extension system of ICAR & SAUs
The document discusses the extension system of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) and State Agricultural Universities (SAUs) in India. It outlines the establishment and roles of ICAR and SAUs. ICAR was established in 1929 as the apex body for coordinating agricultural research and education. It has 99 research institutes and oversees 53 agricultural universities across India. SAUs were established beginning in 1960 to improve agricultural education, research, and extension. Their extension roles include conducting on-farm trials, demonstrations, training programs, and providing advisory services to farmers.
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The Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) is an autonomous organisation under the Department of Agricultural Research and Education (DARE), Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare , Government of India. Formerly known as Imperial Council of Agricultural Research, it was established on 16 July 1929 as a registered society under the Societies Registration Act, 1860 in pursuance of the report of the Royal Commission on Agriculture. The ICAR has its headquarters at New Delhi. The Council is the apex body for co-ordinating, guiding and managing research and education in agriculture including horticulture, fisheries and animal sciences in the entire country. With 101 ICAR institutes and 71 agricultural universities spread across the country this is one of the largest national agricultural systems in the world. The ICAR has played a pioneering role in ushering Green Revolution and subsequent developments in agriculture in India through its research and technology development that has enabled the country to increase the production of foodgrains by 5.4 times, horticultural crops by 10.1 times, fish by 15.2 times, milk 9.7 times and eggs 48.1 times since 1951 to 2017, thus making a visible impact on the national food and nutritional security. It has played a major role in promoting excellence in higher education in agriculture. It is engaged in cutting edge areas of science and technology development and its scientists are internationally acknowledged in their fields.
ICAR transforming Indian agriculture.docx
The document provides an overview of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR). It discusses how ICAR was established in 1929 on the recommendations of the Royal Commission on Agriculture to address crises in Indian agriculture. ICAR has played a pivotal role in transforming Indian agriculture through various initiatives such as the Green Revolution, development of high-yielding varieties of crops like rice and wheat, and more recently through crop biofortification efforts to tackle malnutrition. ICAR now has a large network of research institutes and agricultural universities across India.
Anjumol
This document discusses the role of various agricultural research centers and institutes in India for better science teaching and learning. It outlines Krishi Bhavan and the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) which coordinates agricultural research and education across the country through its network of institutes. It also describes several prominent research institutes such as IISERB, IISERP, THSTI, TEA Research, and CCMB that conduct research in basic sciences, agriculture, health, and biotechnology to further science education. The vision of these research centers is to integrate teaching and research in basic sciences and make careers in science more attractive.
Extension system of icar & sau and ngos
This document provides an overview of the extension system of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) and state agricultural universities and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in India. It discusses the role and organization of ICAR in coordinating agricultural research and education. It also describes the extension role of state agricultural universities in conducting training, field trials, and disseminating information to farmers. Finally, it defines NGOs and discusses their objectives, roles in areas like community development, health, economic issues, and lists some NGOs operating in Gujarat state.
Career opportunity in agriculture
Agriculture has been practiced for thousands of years, beginning with gathering wild plants and later cultivating and domesticating crops and livestock. India has a significant agricultural industry, with over half the population employed in agriculture. The document then discusses the history and roles of organizations involved in agricultural research and education in India, including the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) and state agricultural universities.
Dr pc patel resume
I have 39.2 years experiences in research, teaching and extension. My subject field is Ph.D in Agriculture with major subject Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science and minor subject Agronomy from Gujarat Agricultural University. My specialization skills are natural resources management in agriculture, crop production, forage crop production & its quality and land development and improve soil fertility, soil sustainability or waste management. I have six years experiences of farm management.
Dr p cpatel resume
I have 39.2 years experiences in research, teaching and extension. My subject field is Ph.D in Agriculture with major subject Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science and minor subject Agronomy from Gujarat Agricultural University. My specialization skills are natural resources management in agriculture, crop production, forage crop production & its quality and farm land development and improve soil fertility, soil sustainability or waste management. I have six years experiences of farm management.
Dr pc patel resume linkedin final
Pravin is a scientist and manager with over thirty nine years’ research, teaching and extension experience. His expertise is natural resources management, forage crops production and quality and farming of agricultural crops and land development and improves soil fertility. It also includes soil, water and plant analysis, recommendation of crop production technologies to farmers, waste management through biochar, sustainability, management and reporting.
ETDs in Agriculture
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Susmita Das, Lalitha Poluru and Sridhar Gutam
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Research centres
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India's agriculture sector forms the backbone of its economy, and it owes much of its success to the significant contributions of various agricultural institutes spread across the country. These esteemed institutions play a vital role in agricultural education, research, and development. In this article, we will explore the top 10 agriculture institutes in India that have been instrumental in transforming the agricultural landscape and fostering sustainable growth in the sector.
Visit Website - https://www.rgeudaipur.com/top-10-agriculture-institutes-in-india/
Second National Symposium on SRI
This 3-sentence summary provides the key details from the document:
The document summarizes observations from the 2nd National SRI Symposium held in Agartala, Tripura, India in October 2007, which brought together over 250 participants from across India and other countries to discuss the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) method. Presentations at the symposium showed SRI leading to higher yields as well as improvements in water savings, costs, profits, and stress resistance compared to conventional rice cultivation methods. State and national governments in India have begun supporting the expansion of SRI in response to its potential to improve rice production while reducing water usage.
Second national symposium on sri
This 3-sentence summary provides the key details from the document:
The document summarizes observations from the 2nd National SRI Symposium held in Agartala, Tripura, India in October 2007, which brought together over 250 participants from across India and other countries to discuss the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) method. Presentations at the symposium showed SRI leading to higher yields than conventional rice cultivation, as well as benefits like water savings, reduced costs, and greater resistance to stresses. State and national governments in India have begun supporting the expansion of SRI in response to its potential to improve rice production while saving water.
ICAR Institutions.pdf
ICAR institutions
Year of establishment
Headquarters
ICAR Deemed Universities
ICAR Institutions
ICAR National Research Centres
ICAR National Bureaus
ICAR Directorates/Project Directorates
Unit 1 introduction to environmental studies
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ICAR Indian Council of Agricultural Research भारतीय कृषि अनुसंधान परिषद
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Indian Systems of Medicine Aromatherapy.pptx
Aromatherapy as the name itself indicates it involves the use of natural herb oils that are aromatic (have pleasant smell) for the treatment of pain or may be used for massage, it is said to be one of the oldest or ancient method of treatment and mitigation.
The Aromatherapy is based on the concept of Osphresiology.
Osphresiology is the study of physiology and other aspects of olfaction.
Olfaction is defined as the sense of smell that detects and differentiate between the smells.
Osphresiology is an inter-disciplinary science that involves molecular physics, as well as psychology.
Aromatherapy is not just limited to basics of olfaction.
The aromatic substances are found to have tremendous potential in treatment of :
Wounds, Skin acne problems, Arthritis, Stress.
The Aromatherapist not only selects how to initiate the treatment but also chooses the oils that are necessary in the treatment.
After the selection of specific oils for treatment the way of the treatments are decided.
The types of treatment in aromatherapy are as follows:
Massage by aromatic oils, essential oils
Inhalation of steam
Bath
Miscellaneous
1. Massage by Aromatic oils, Essential oils:
In massage technique the aromatherapist concentrates on massaging specific pressure points.
This massaging leads to working on lymph nodes(Part of WBC’s present in whole body).
The oils that are used during the massage are carefully selected from the diagnosis of the aromatherapist.
These oils thus work internally while the massage relaxes the body externally.
2. Inhalation :
6-8 drops of aromatic oil is required to be sprinkled on the tissue paper or clean cloth.
The inhalation can be done by sprinkling the drops of oils in hot water and inhaled for 10-15 minutes.
Inhalation technique is generally recommended for the patients that have problems relating to breathing, Asthmatic patients, disease of lungs.
3. Bath :
Baths can be for hand, foot, or for full body.
4-8 drops of essential oil / aromatic oil is recommended in bowl of warm water used for soaking arms or foots for 10 minutes.
In case of full body baths 5-10 drops of aroma oil are added to warm bath water and the whole body is immersed in it for 10-20 minutes.
Aromatherapy benefits:
1. Manage pain
2. Improves sleep quality
3. Reduces stress and anxiety
4. Soothe sore joints
5. Treat headache and migraines
6. Alleviate side effects of chemotherapy
7. Improves digestion
8. Boosts circulation
Commonly used Aroma oils and their details:
Lavender oil :
Best for: Stress relief, improves sleep, use in headache, refreshes mind.
Peppermint oil :
Best for: Reduces stress, improves mental function, reduces pain, Relieve IBS symptoms.
The carrier oil is simply defined as the base oil which is used to dilute an essential oil/ aromatic oil in the treatment of Aromatherapy.
The carrier oil is also known as base oil or vegetable oil.
Various examples of Carrier oils are :
Coconut oil
Black cumin seed oil
Jojoba oil
Evening Primrose oil
Herbal cosmetic Design of herbal formulation shruti.pptx
Herbal cosmetics are defined as the products which prepared by or included plants and/or herbal components which are combination of many natural molecules or compounds.
Alteration in pharmacological activity of one drug by the concomitant(drug having same action) use of another drug or other substances.
The concurrent use of herbs may increase or decrease or mimic the effect of other drugs.
Possibilities of interactions between chemicals and herbal products:
1.There is no direct chemical reaction between herb and drug but few components of herb may affect the effect of drugs.
2.Herbal drugs when taken with other synthetic preparation may show harmful and toxic effects on body.
3.The interactions may be due to presence of impurities present in excipients of the synthetic drugs or it can be due to impurities from natural source viz. Heavy metals, incorrect species etc.
Herbal drug interactions can affect health and efficiency of treatments.
Herbal drug interactions might lead to side effects. Interaction may lead to failure of formulation.
Unexpected effects may be observed after application of the cosmetic.
Types of drug-herb interactions as per Ayurveda:
1.Herb-Herb Interaction: Eg. Piper betal should not be administered with Garcinia Morella (Indian gamboge)
2.Herb-Food Interaction: Eg. Sesame seed with black cumin cause diarrhea.
3.Herb & drug of animal origin: Eg. Meat is contraindicated with Brassica alba (White mustard)
4.Interactions related to diseases: Eg. Haritaki cannot be administered in pregnancy.
Design of herbal cosmetic formulation is an important part in preparation of herbal cosmetics, it is done on the basis of type of the cosmetics according to the site of application as follows:
1.Skin
2.Hair
3.Dentifrice
4.Nails
5.Eyes
Herbal cosmetics for skin care are based on 3 important approaches/ Steps:
Cleanse (To clean).
a. Nourish (To take care)
b. Moisture (To keep skin
c. hydrated/ Prevent Dryness)
Herbal cosmetics are classified depending upon:
a. Type of the skin
b. Type of the cream
c. Type of the lotions
Herbal cosmetics classification depending upon Type of Cream:
Cold cream: It is Water-in-oil (W/O) type of emulsion which produces cooling effect after application.
Example: Cold cream containing Mentha oil, aloevera.
Vanishing cream: As the name itself indicates this type of cream vanishes after it is applied on the skin by rubbing. It is Oil-in-water (O/W) type of emulsion and are useful for removing make-ups.
Example: Vanishing creams containing Sweet almond oil.
Cleansing cream: It is Water in Oil (W/O) type of cream that melts over the body temperature and spreads easily over the skin.
Example: Cream containing chamomile flower
Herbal cosmetics classification depending upon Type of Lotion:
Face lotion: Also known as bleaching lotions which mask the face and produce brightening effects on the skin after washing.
Eg. Face lotion containing Almond and saffron.
Adulteration
Many herbal medicinal products have been found to contain synthetic prescription drugs as chemical adulterants.
This is become evident by the number of toxicity cases and adverse reactions reported in which casualties were reported via analytical techniques that detected the presence of chemical adulterants in them, which could be responsible for their toxicity.
The adulteration of herbal medicinal products with synthetic drugs continues to be a serious problem for regulatory agencies.
The quality control standards of various medicinal plants used in indigenous system of medicine are becoming more relevant today in view of commercialization of formulations based on medicinal plants.
For standardization and quality assurance purposes, following 3 attributes are desirable i) Authenticity, ii) Purity and iii) Assay.
Authenticity relates to proving that the material is true.
Authentication in itself involves many parameters including gross morphology, microscopy, chemical analysis and DNA fingerprinting.
Purity pertains to evaluating that there are no adulterants present in the plant material.
Assay part of standardization is chemical and biological profiling which could assess the chemical effects.
What is Adulteration?
Adulteration is a process/practice of substituting the original drug/herb with completely or partially similar looking substance.
The substance may be inferior in quality or may be therapeutically inactive.
What is Deterioration?
It is the process of degradation or destruction of herbs which leads to loss of therapeutic activity of the drug/herb.
Deterioration & Adulteration are inter-related and deterioration is the main effect of adulteration.
Adulteration is classified into 2 types:
Intentional Adulteration:
As the name itself indicates the intentional adulteration is the process where the substitution of drug/herb is done in full awareness this type of adulteration is commonly done by suppliers/manufacturers.
Un-intentional Adulteration:
This is the second type of adulteration where the substitution of drug/ herbs happens without the knowledge of manufacturer/supplier.
Reasons for Intentional adulteration:
1. Due to high prices of original herb/ drugs.
2. Due to lack of availability of the drug/herbs.
3. To earn more profits by substituting the herbs by the herb of lesser price.
Types of Intentional adulteration:
1. Substitution with inferior varieties.
2. Adulteration by artificially manufactured substance.
3. Usage of vegetative part of same plant.
4. Substitution with superficially similar but cheaper natural drug substance.
The presence of vegetative parts of the same plant with the drug in excessive amount is also an adulteration. For example, epiphytes, such as mosses, liverworts and lichens that grow over the barks also may occur in unusual amounts with the drugs, e.g. cascara or cinchona.
Nutraceutical drugs.pptx
Nutraceutical is any substance that is a food or a part of food and provides medical or health benefits.
The term “nutraceutical” is used to describe these medicinally or nutritionally functional foods.
Nutraceuticals, which have also been called medical foods, designer foods, phytochemicals, functional foods and nutritional supplements, include such everyday products as “bio” yoghurts and fortified breakfast cereals, as well as vitamins, herbal remedies and even genetically modified foods and supplements. Many different terms and definitions are used in different countries, which can result in confusion.
The term “nutraceutical” was coined in 1989 by Stephen De Felice, founder and chairman of the Foundation for Innovation in Medicine, an American organization which encourages medical health research.
He defined a nutraceutical as a “food, or parts of a food, that provide medical or health benefits, including the prevention and treatment of disease”.
Cyanobacteria are aquatic and phytosynthetic organisms known for their rich contents of proteins.
Spirulina (arthrospira) shows anticancer and antimicrobial (antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral) activities via the production of phycocyanin, phycocyanobilin, allophycocyanin and other valuable products.
Spirulina can lower triglycerides, LDL Cholesterol and sometimes may raise HDL Cholesterol.
Spirulina may have some anti-cancer properties, especially against a type of precancerous lesions of the mouth.
Soybean is most important edible plant known for its seeds as a source of protein, oil and nutraceuticals.
It contains essential amino acids and secondary metabolites such as isoflavaone, saponins, phytic acid, phytosterol.
The presence of folic acid is an additional attraction, since the deficiency of this nutrient is a serious concern globally.
Soya beans contain essential minerals like Copper and Iron that aid in RBC production. Due to its high dietary fibers, protein and low sugar amounts soya bean helps in controlling blood sugars and managing diabetes.
Adding soya bean to your diet may help relieve you from prolonged episodes of insomnia as it contains Magnesium.
Ginseng, as dietary supplement, plays a key role in disease prevention by modulating the immune function of human body.
Extracts and bioactive compounds isolated from ginseng are studied for their various health promoting activities like antioxidant, antitumor, anti-hyperglycemic, skin protecting, anti-osteoporotic, anticancer, anti-infective and respiratory problems.
Ginseng extracts and ginsenoside compounds from ginseng has beneficial antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
It possesses potent antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral properties and may enhance the function of the immune system. Ginseng could help improve brain functions like memory, behavior and mood.
Terpenoids Cucurbitacin.pptx
The terpenoids sometimes called isoprenoids, are a large and diverse class of naturally occurring organic chemicals derived from terpenoids. Terpenoids are hydrocarbons of plant origin of the general formula (C5H8)n as well as their originated, hydrogen and dehydrogenated derivatives. Plant terpenoids are used for their aromatic qualities and play a role in traditional herbals remedies.
Cucurbitacin is a bitter-tasting principle that can be isolated from members of family Cucurbitaceae, such as cucumber (Cucumis sativus) and melon (Cucumis melo).
In particular, cucurbitacin and momordicine, which have an intensly bitter taste, are content abundantly in Momordica charantia.
There are more than 18 kinds of cucurbitacin and among them cucurbitacin B is a typical component.
GLP and ISO 9000.pptx
Concepts of GLP and ISO 9000. The Good Laboratory Practices Guideline (GLP) is an FDA regulation. Good Laboratory Practices (GLP) embodies a set of principles that provides a framework within which laboratory studies are planned, performed, monitored, recorded and reported. National Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) Compliance Monitoring Authority (NGCMA). NGCMA was established by the Department of Science & Technology (DST), Government of India, with the approval of the Union Cabinet on April 24, 2002.
ISO 9000 is a series of standards, developed and published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which is an independent, non-governmental organization made up of members from over 160 countries.
The ISO 9000 family of standards is related to Quality Management Systems and designed to help organizations ensure that they meet the needs of customers and other stakeholders while meeting statutory and regulatory requirements. ISO 9000 deals with the fundamentals of quality management systems, including the 7 Quality Management Principles on which the family of standards is based.
Glycoside
Glycyrrhizin is a major glycoside extracted from the roots of the liquorice plant (Glycyrrhiza glabra). It has a molecular formula of C42H62O16 and molecular weight of 822.94 gm/mol. Glycyrrhizin is 30-50 times sweeter than sucrose and can be isolated from liquorice roots using alcohol or ammonia extraction methods due to its solubility properties. It has a variety of medicinal uses and is estimated quantitatively using techniques like TLC-densitometry, colorimetric assays, and HPLC.
Clove medicinal uses
Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) is medicinally powerful herb. Cloves are also known as Clovos, Lavang, Laung. In india, cloves are grown in Nilgiries, Tensaki Hills of Tamil Nadu state, Kottayam and Kollam district of kerala. It holds several phytochemicals. Major phytochemicals includes Eugenol, Eugenyl acetate and Beta-caryophyllene. Clove contains essential oils in its buds, leaves, stem and fruits. Clove owns major pharmacological activities like antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anticarcinogenic, antibacterial, antipyretic and analgesic, etc.
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ICAR Indian Council of Agricultural Research.pptx
- 1. z ICAR Indian Council of Agricultural Research Presented by : Miss Shruti Ashok Salve 1st Year M. Pharmacy Pharmacognosy A Seminar on Department of Pharmacognosy MGV’s Pharmacy College, Panchavati, Nashik
- 2. Introduction ICAR is an autonomous body responsible for agricultural education and research in India. ICAR comes under the Department of Agricultural Research and Education (DARE), Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Government of India. The ICAR has its headquarters at New Delhi. The Council is responsible for co-ordinating, guiding and managing research and education in agriculture including horticulture, fisheries and animal sciences in the entire country.
- 3. Review of literature 1. Anwesha B. Thakur and Pardeep Singh, History of agricultural research in India, Current Science, Volume 105, No. 5, Sept 2013 In 2013 Anwesha B. Thakur and Pardeep Singh studied the development of agricultural research system in India. Also various factors influencing the overall development of agricultural research system in the country was discussed. Although agriculture has been playing the most vital role in Indian economy, during the course of the study, It has been observed that not much significance has been given to the history of evolution of agricultural research in India.
- 4. History It was formerly known as Imperial Council of Agricultural Research later named as Indian Council of Agricultural Research. ICAR was established on 16 July 1929 The ICAR has played a great role in Green Revolution and subsequent developments in agriculture in India through its research and technology development. It has played a major role in promoting excellence in higher education in agriculture.
- 5. Shri Narendra Singh Tomar Union Minister of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare and President ICAR Ministers Shobha Karandlaje Minister of State, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare Shri Kailash Chaoudhary Minister of State, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare
- 6. Functions of the ICAR To plan, undertake, aid, promote and coordinate education, research and its application in agriculture, agroforestry, animal husbandry, fisheries and home sciences. To undertake and provide consultancy services in the field of education, research, training and dissemination of information in agriculture, agroforestry, animal husbandry, fisheries and home sciences. To look into problems relating to broader areas concerning agriculture, including post harvest technology by developing cooperative programmes with other organizations such as the Indian Council of Social Science Research, CSIR, BARC and the universities.
- 7. Milestones of the ICAR Initiation of the first All-India Co-ordinated Research Project on Maize in 1957 Establishment of the 1st State Agricultural University at Pantnagar in 1960 Creation of Department of Agricultural Research and Education (DARE) in the Ministry of Agriculture in 1973 Opening of first Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK) at Puducherry (Pondicherry) in 1974 Establishment of National Gene Bank at New Delhi in 1996 Launching of National Agricultural Technology Project (NATP) in 1998 and National Agricultural Innovation Project (NAIP) in 2005
- 8. ICAR Institutes Deemed universities – 4 Institutions – 65 National Research Centres – 14 National Bureaux – 6 Directorates/Project Directorates - 13
- 9. ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI) The Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), popularly known as Pusa Institute, began in 1905 at Pusa (Bihar). The institute was then known as Agricultural Research Institute (ARI) which functioned with five departments, namely Agriculture, Cattle Breeding, Chemistry, Mycology and Bacteriology. In 1919, it was renamed as Imperial Agricultural Research Institute.
- 10. ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI) The institute was shifted from Pusa (Bihar) to Delhi on 29th July 1936 Post independence, the institute has been renamed as Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI). The Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, played a great role in Green Revolution and Human Resource Management. IARI continues its efforts to bring Evergreen Revolution for sustainable food and nutrition of the country.
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- 12. References 1. Anwesha Borthakur and Pardeep Singh, History of agricultural research in India, Current Science, Volume 105, No. 5, Sept 2013 2. P. K. Nidhisha, R. Dr. Sarangapani, Research Trends of ICAR-IARI Scientists: A Scientometric Analysis, Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal), 2021 3. Handbook of Agriculture by Indian Council of Agricultural Research 4. Dr. B. B. Singh, Master Guide for ICAR AIEEA-PG 5. A. P. Shanmugam, Dr. G. Ulaganathan, Mapping of Research Productivity in ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute: A Scientometric Study, Proteus Journal, Volume 11, Issue 10, 2020
- 13. THANK YOU
Editor's Notes
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