The document provides an overview of music videos, including their history, purposes, and various styles. It discusses how music videos started in the 1980s with the rise of MTV and how they are used to promote artists and make money. The document also examines different types of music video styles such as narratives, live footage, animation, and parodies/pastiches. Censorship and the roles of producers, major labels, and independent labels are also covered.

1. ‘I Want My MTV’
By: Diya Samtani

2. Introduction
In todays generation, we take music videos for granted. We expect them to be
perfectly edited and filmed. Years ago music videos never even existed and
people would just listen to songs on the radio. Music videos are made by
combining multiple techniques such as animation, documentaries and abstract
film. They started to go mainstream in 1981, back then, the equipment used to
be easy to use and inexpensive. Depending on the artists, some music videos
can be very extreme and offensive, which is why censorship is such an
important part in music videos. Censorship allows music companies such as
MTV to censor bad language or offensive images before showing it on their
channel. Lady Gaga has experienced many events where her music video
has been banned by MTV because of sexual and religious content. Most
artists usually have a theme or a certain style that they want their audience to
adapt a liking for, such as you can see,
As Justin Bieber with his famous hairstyle.
in the video she
is naked which
was probably This video sung by Lady
why the Gaga was banned an
Australian Australian video music
music program program for sexually
banned this suggestive content.

3. Promotional:
Purposes
Music videos are a big way to make money in the media industry and has
several purposes. Making a well known popular music video would increase
publicity for the singers and the company who financed the video. If an
audience watches a music video from a particular artist and really enjoys it,
they would continue to watch other videos from the same artist and spread the
word about the artist to family and friends. Another way to promote music in a
sensible manner would be to release a trailer of the song a few months before
the full song is released, this builds up excitement and would gain popularity
easily. A music video should stand out and make the trailer very memorable
that people cant wait for the full music video to come out.
Here is an example of a trailer for the music video ‘Tonight’ by Enrique Iglesias:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IjOa0QylUsQ

4. Extension Of Income
Music videos are a great way for companies to make money; depending on how
popular the song is the company can make millions of dollars. A music video can be
purchased on DVD or to other companies for publicize. This is beneficial to the artist
and the featuring artist in the videos as they would get a percentage of the income.
A music video expands the income of money that the singer receives, as well as
from products that are sold. The song ‘Thriller’ sung by Michael Jackson took over
$500 million in sales, out of that Michael Jackson pocketed over $120 million. The
producer wants to create a video that will stay in the audiences mind forever, in
order to do that, they would have to think out of the box and know what kind of
audience that they are trying to target.
The music video of the song ‘Thriller’ lasts about 13 minutes and has a
narrative to it, which appeals to the audience. Audiences like narratives
because they can relate to it and understand the message that the artist
is giving out.

5. Extension Of Outlets
Music plays a big part in peoples lives, and they can relate to the lyrics of a song no matter
what mood they are in because there are so no many different genres of music. Nowadays,
no matter where you are or what you are doing you can listen to music, it has such a huge
impact on peoples lives that it can be found anywhere e.g. music channels, direct DVD and
CD’s, websites and downloading which seems to be the most popular option. Music videos
can been viewed in many different ways such as blu-ray DVD, television channels or on the
internet. This is very beneficial towards music companies because these ways of viewing
music videos are tied to publicity and other areas which will boost the record sales. Once a
music video is made public, it can easily spread worldwide through various methods such
as social networking sites and YouTube. The album of a song can also make a big impact
on an audience, if the album is appealing and uses bright colors or interesting images then
it is more likely to stay in a persons head.

6. Synergy
Synergy is where two products or
companies combine to make a video, and
they use it as an advantage to higher the
sales and the views of the video. The
advantage of using synergy in music videos
is that they help connect with the audience
and it makes the video much more
entertaining because they can figure out the
stories. On the other hand, synergy can be
quite confusing at times because usually,
there is use of dialogue in between the
song, from looking at the example below
there are a lot of transitions used and the
narrative is a bit complicated. In order for
synergy to be a successful in music videos,
the producer would have to make the
storyline interesting and understandable. If
the audience doesn’t know what's The narrative and the genre of this song is
happening while watching the video, they straightforward. The opening of this song is
would rather not watch it so it has to make quite long and before the song actually starts,
sense to them. Here is an example of a there is a few a pause to build up the

7. Producers Strategies
Websites such as MySpace and YouTube
thought that it was important for band
producers to ensure that the bands got
noticed. Those particular producers got a
lot more opportunities then others because
the websites had a huge effect on the way
the bands were portrayed. It was much
easier for the producers to stay on track
during the 70’s and the 80’s, but when the
‘internet generation’ came along the
producers had to keep up with the growth
of popularity to ensure their bands were Kyle Lewis is an award
still getting noticed. Producers are very winning music video producer.
important in music videos, because if it He founded his own
wasn’t for them then music videos would
never be what they are today. On the other production company when he
hand, a majority of people believe that if it was 20 years old and has
isn't for the artist then a music video could produced music videos for
not be made. I think that there are valid many famous artists such as
points from both sides but the producer Flash Republic.
does play a huge part in a music video.

8. Major Labels &
Independent
Major Labels:
Record labels are often under the control of a co-operate
organization called a music group. A music group is in charge and
consists of music publishing companies, sound recording
manufacturers, record distributors and record labels. The latest
major labels of 2011 known as the ‘Big Three’, if approved are: Sony
Music Entertainment, Warner Music Group and Universal Music
Group.
Independent:
On the other hand, record companies and music publishers that are
not under the controls of the ‘Big Three’ are known as independent,
even if they are large co-operations. An independent record label is
a record label that can cope on its own, without any funding of or
outside the organization. A large number of bands and artists begin
on independent labels.

9. Styles LMFAO is known to be a very popular duo
in the genre of pop music. The music that
they create is very lively and energetic.
Popular Music Genres:
Music is a form of art that can relate to any
age, usually each song tells a story and has a
narrative to it . The most popular music genres
of all time are:
-African - Hip hop
-Asian - Jazz
-Avant – Garde - Latin American
-Blues - Pop
-Comedy Music - R&B
Lady Gaga is also
very popular in the
-Country - Rock music industry. She
is known for her
-Electronic - Metal
music as well as her
sense of style
-Modern Folk - Ska because it is very

10. Music Styles
Pop Music:
Pop music is a very popular style of music mainly liked by teenagers and young
adults. The music videos that pop artists create are usually full of life and very lively
which appeals to that target audience. Pop music was formed in the 1950’s , the
idea of pop music came from rock and roll. Pop music mixes up with other styles of
music such as urban, dance, rock and Latin.
There are many different styles and ways Whereas on the other hand, some artists prefer
that artists can show their music videos, for to represent themselves as a sex symbol,
example, a boy band such as the one wearing revealing clothes and using very
above would want to represent themselves attractive people who are in shape. Also, this
as being sweet and soft. video is very saturated and edited to make the

11. In-Concert and Live
Footage
Concerts are live performances done in front of an audience.
They are usually held in a huge area, from private night clubs to
sports stadiums. Wherever the venue is, musicians usually
perform on stage, sometimes they are leveled with the audience
and sometimes they are elevated. There are different types of
concerts such as theatrical, festivals and concert tours. The
nature of concerts depend on the genre of the music and the
amount of energy and effort the artists and the record labels put
into it. On the other hand, a musician or a band could attract the
audience in the way they dress or the hairstyle they make e.g.
the hippies in the sixties attracted a lot of people because of
their style. Live Footage is when you film a concert or a play that
is going on during the particular time that it is being performed.
Usually, live footage is uploaded on to the internet at the same
time so people who are not at that particular venue can watch it
live at home through any sort of media device.

12. In-Concert and Live
Footage Concerts use
a lot of
different
lighting
depending on
the artist and
their style. The
colors of the
lights usually
change
throughout a
concert to
Here is an example of a concert by
boost the
Jennifer Lopez and Pitbull. When
crowd and
concerts are being filmed, they are
make it look
filmed from different angles so when When live
more exciting.
it is edited into a DVD it looks much footage is
more professional and fun to watch. uploaded on
There are a lot of close-ups because to the internet
audiences love looking at the artists there is
face. Also, if you watch the artists always few
close-up it feels as though if you are shots of the
at the concert at that certain time crowd to show
which is the reason why the public how

13. Animation
Animation is often used for entertainment,
it is a type of optical illusion that involves
the appearance of motion caused by still
images. It is usually in an abstract and
artistic video where there is not much of a
narrative going on. Animation in music
videos are great to watch because it really
lets you broaden your mind with the
creative side of things. Here is an example
of an animated music video:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XWrhrrF Here is an example of an
-em0 animated music video. The
animation makes the music
As you can see from the video above, it is video look much more artistic
made to be very artistic and imaginative. It and gives a sense of freedom.
combines art with science, showing
equations in the background while
wrapping up a skeletons head.

14. Narrative
A narrative means the music video has a storyline, usually having a
narrative is much more appealing to the audience because they can
relate to it, especially if the genre is sad/romantic. There are three
different theories as to how music videos and other media stories
are constructed. The first theorist was guy named Todorov who
believed that a narrative is structured into five stages which are,
equilibrium, disequilibrium, recognition, reparation and new
equilibrium. The second theorist was a guy named Propp, he
believed that each narrative consists of a hero, a helper, a villain
and a damsel-in-distress. The third theorist was a guy named Levi
Strauss and he believed that narratives are motivated by a clear
fight between a ‘bad guy’ and a ‘good guy’. Non – narrative music
videos can also be very entertaining because it is all about
widening your imagination and using abstract. Here is an example
of a narrative music video:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SR6iYWJxHqs&ob=av2e

15. Narrative
The music video starts of with Bruno Mars
sitting in a jail cell, allowing his to be
shown as a dark figure. The first scene
already lets the audience know that the
genre of the song is sad. Only half of his
head is showing, making the opening
scene mysterious and intense.
After a few scenes, they show him again as a
dark figure without any details of his face and
body, this builds up tension making the audience
want to know his appearance. There are only two
colors used in this scene, black and a yellowish
brown. Both the colors used are dark
representing the gloomy setting that he is in.
This scene is towards the end of the video, it
shows that what he was trying to accomplish
throughout the video has failed. Although this
shot is taken from a side angle, you can see from
his body language that he is hurt and depressed
because he broke up with his girlfriend.

16. Impressionist & Surrealist
Impressionists:
Impressionism is a music style that arouse during the 20th
century. It all started because of French painters, their
paintings are undetailed and soft which is how the music
style was created, using richly colored harmonies. This
relates to music videos as they are both considered a form
of art. The screenshots on the left are examples of
impressionism used in the music video Shadrach, the colors
used are a range of pastel colors which bring out energy
and happiness. The details are not seen easily because this
form of art is known to be blurry. It reminds me of the
process of life and growing up, how everything seems so
blurry yet full of so much color and energy.
Surrealist:
Surrealist music is music which uses unexpected
juxtapositions and other unusual techniques. An example of
a surrealist music video would be international love by
Pitbull. The effects used are unreal and edited, the
screenshot that I used on the left is very edited and unreal,
the earth obviously doesn't’t look like that in real life. Also,
the colors are brightened to make it look for appealing and
eye catching. The interesting part about using the earth as
an opening image is that people know the basic concept of
how the earth looks like and what colors they are but they
don’t really know how it would look like close-up. The
denotation would be the earth and the way we everybody
sees it and the connotation of the earth would be the way
every individual see it which is home and where we live. I

17. Pastiche and Parody
A pastiche is an artistic genre or technique
that is imitated. Pastiche is usually used in
fantasy videos which are unreal or abstract. A
parody in a music video means copying or
changing an existing video sung by a famous
singer/band. Parodies are exaggerated to
create humor, using funny costumes or no The opening scene is exactly like
clothes at all and changing the pitch of males the real music video.
voice to make it sound higher. The purpose
of parodies are to entertain an audience who
don’t particularly enjoy a song or the style of
music, it is also created to mock a
singer/band or lyrics of a song. Parodies can
sometimes get very offensive but usually are
very fun to watch. The example below is of
the song ‘Tik Tok’ sung by Kesha, it is done
really well and it hasn’t used any offensive
language or images.
They used a Kesha look alike to
make the parody look more
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d7n8Gqew realistic.

18. Parody
Usually, a parody starts off really
similarly to the actual music video
to make it look realistic as well as
to include humor. The starting
scene to this parody is a low angle
shot used to build up mystery in a
funny way,
They have used a guy
only wearing his
underwear because in
the actual video, the
artists are only wearing
underwear's during a
scene. Parodies are
used to make people
laugh but, at the same
time the actors involved
in the parodies have to
know when to draw a
An obvious mistake made while filming this line.
parody is that you can see the shadow of the They have mocked the artists to make them
cinematographer. It makes the whole video look look silly. If you look close-up they have worn
unprofessional even though the point in creating a makeup on themselves and are dressed up

19. Referencing & Homage
In music videos, referencing is what influences
and inspires the director to use images and
create the visual effects the way he does. Each
scene and each movement in a video has a
purpose to it, by referencing the image with a
product or a style makes it much easier. In the
music video ‘Telephone’ sung by Lady Gaga
and Beyonce , produced by Tarantino uses five
interesting references. The first reference used
is the ‘pussy wagon’ logo that was used in kill
bill, the second reference was giving the same
nickname to beyonce as to a character in the
movie pulp fiction, and it goes on. The video
also uses a lot of graphics and has a very
unusual narrative to it. On the other hand,
homage is showing respect or dedication to
someone or to something, an example would
be a tribute album such as one that was done
for Michael Jackson. The ‘pussy wagon’ logo
used in kill bill. The logo
Here is a video of Telephone: could be quite inappropriate
to be shown on TV channels

20. Influence of Commercials
One of the easiest and most positive ways to publicize a music video is
through commercials. Usually on YouTube or other music websites, before
you are allowed to listen to the song you requested you have to listen to a
trailer of a another song for about five seconds, then you have the option
of skipping it. This is a great way to advertise a music video because five
seconds is all it takes for someone to hear a particular song, enjoy it and
look up other songs from that same artist. The trailers of music videos are
usually shown on the internet and music channels because they are easily
targeted by teenagers and young adults. The commercials usually make
the music videos stand out and eye catching so that the public want to
search it up and watch it again, also, they keep replaying it again and
again so that it sticks in the viewers head and popularizes theHere is an example
song.
The trailer of the music video of how they advertise
only lasts about five seconds a video on YouTube,
and usually shows the chorus of you aren't allowed to
the song so that people who skip certain adverts.
watch it would remember the
name easily.

21. Conventions
Lyric Interpretation and Extending Or Consolidating Song's Meaning:
Lyric Interpretation is the meaning of a song and the type of mood that the singer wants
to establish. The lyrics of a song extends and consolidates the meaning, appealing to
the audience because they can connect to it. An example of a song is ‘jar of hearts’
sung by Christina Perri. The lyric interpretation to that song is about this women who has
been with a guy for a while and he suddenly cheats on her, but after a while he asks her
to get back with him and she finally says no and she has moved on. She also talks about
him as being a bad person, leaving scars from their love. The genre of this song is sad
as it is talking about a women who has been hurt by love. The lyrics are very important
to a song because it usually gives out a message or an experience that the singer is
having or is going through, it can be really personal at times. Many singers just stick to
one type of genre and interpret the lyrics according to what is happening in their lives, it
makes it much more easier to create a song that way.
Here is the link of Jar of Hearts:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8v_4O44sfjM&ob=av2e
The use of direct address, makes her
look confident and the close-up shows
her emotions clearly. Just by looking at
the opening of this song you can tell
that meaning and the genre is sad and
hopeless.

22. Allusion
An allusion is when you compare something with
something else, for example, in the song Love Story
by Taylor Swift she compares herself and her
boyfriend to Romeo and Juliet. The music video
starts off with the opening scene of them being in
collage like normal students then, it turns into a
fairytale atmosphere where she is standing in a
castle in a beautiful princess-like dress. An allusion
makes a music video much more exciting and The opening scene, she is
shown as a normal collage
artistic because it allows you to compare people student with a bag and
and objects that are unimaginable. The producer books in her hand.
chose Romeo and Juliet over any other love story is
because it is very popular and uses teenagers to
star in their book/film. Similarly the target audience
for this music video is teenagers/young adults and
using a story like Romeo and Juliet would appeal to
them easily because on is well known she isdramatic.
Here it the other hand, and shown
as a princess waiting for her prince
charming in a huge beige castle
wearing a satin white dress, like in all

23. Links To Other Artists
When a music video has more then one artist in their song makes the song much
more popular because there is a better chance of the public knowing at least one of
the artists. Most of the artist nowadays like to the a song featuring another artist as it
makes the song more interesting and recognizable. On the other hand, featuring
another artist in a music video can be quite expensive depending on how big the
singer is. The featuring artist usually sings at the beginning and at the end to add an
extra oomph to the song. Here is an example of a song sung by Jennifer Lopez
featuring Pitbull. Using Pitbull in the song as a featuring artist is an advantage
because people who are a fan of his would listen to the song only because of him and
not because of Jennifer Lopez but that would still make sales rise and Jennifer Lopez
would still benefit a lot of cash from it.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bjgFH01k0gU&ob=av3e
Unusual start to a pop song by adding text but, it is
short and simple which will make the viewer
remember the quote and the name of the song
easily, because the name of the song is in the
quote.

24. Techniques
Cutting To The Beat:
Cutting to the beat in music videos are very important because if you don’t it would make the video
look very odd, unless it is intentional. It would only be intentional if the theme of the video is fantasy
and abstract but, most of it would be cut to the beat. Every time a shot is shown, the angle of the
camera changes. Cutting to the beat of a song can be very difficult because the beat in every song is
usually very fast pace and continues throughout the song, so it is not only for a short amount of time.
Cutting to the big beats is easy but when you have to cut the little beats it is very hard because they
aren't easily seen. Here is a video tutorial of cutting to the beat using final cut pro:
http://vodpod.com/watch/4103443-final-cut-tutorial-cutting-to-the-beat-of-the-music
Final Cut Pro is a very useful program when it comes to editing videos and sounds because the
program is simple, straightforward and easy to use. As you can see the process of this can take a
while depending on how many beats the song has and how fast you can cut to each beat.
This is an example of a music video that has a lot of cutting to the beat, every time there is a beat to
the song, the shot changes. It creates an energizing and powerful effect, making the music video
look much more abstract.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QzvGKas5RsU&ob=av2e
The lighting in this music video contrasts a lot between
dark and light emphasizing on space and time.

25. Effects
There are various types of effects that can be used in music videos to make it look more
appealing and thrilling. There are many different transition techniques such as cross fade, which
means the change of location or time passing. Wipe is also a good way of changing location
because it goes straight from one scene to another. Transitions are used in all kinds of genres
because it can be used in many forms and still make a video look good. Graphics are used in
music videos to make it look like a fantasy, it adds much more energy and life into the videos
with the shocking colors and movements used. Many music videos also mix film into them,
which publicizes the song much more easily because movies are watched and previewed so
often by all ages. Mixing movies into music videos could also be very costly on the other hand,
because you would have to get permission from the movie director first then work your way
downwards. The effects used in this music video are highly effective because they use graphics
and transitions so often to try and make the point that time is running out, which is the message
of the song.
Graphics used to show the title of the song, it Cross fade – showing time is passing which is
counts down throughout the song making the what the song is about. Also, using
video look much more interesting. techniques make the video look much more

26. Effects
Here is another example of a music video that has a lot of interesting effects, the video has a very clear
narrative and lasts about seven minutes long.
Here is an example of parallel
editing, it is interesting the
way the editor has chosen to
use a close up of half of his
face that looks really tensed
contrasted with a waterfall that
is known to be relaxing. The editor uses parallel editing
again but this time, it is of
The producer uses flashbacks of when he was
panning in this scene young.
because the car is moving
in a fast motion,
horizontally. Also, this shot
is brightened to make the
background look
appealing and to make the
audience feel calm
although the car is
The graphics used in this video is very professional because they
speeding along the road.
make this hallucination of a lady seem so realistic and makes her
move in all sorts of directions. Although the colors that she is

27. Miming and Lip Sync
Lip sync is when you match lip movements with a song or someone speaking. It is
used in live performances and other media such as music videos, movies etc.
Similarly, miming is also used for the same purposes as lip syncing. In the music
industry today, everyone uses lip syncing and miming as it is much easier to film a
music video first then add the sound later. In the olden days, they used to do live
performances as they didn't’t have the technology for techniques such as lip syncing
and miming. Many producers believe that it is deceitful to lip sync and mime as it
can make the artists sound better before going on live or shown to an audience.
Artists also use lip sync to cover up their illness or other problems during a live
performance. Lip syncing can help artists in many ways but can also bring them
down. Britney Spears 2009 performance was a disaster as it was so obvious that
she was lip syncing throughout the concert, the media kept targeting her about that
incident and didn't’t let it go for awhile. The public started to get angry as it was said
that she only used her vocal chords three times during the whole tour. People
remembered this performance and remembered Britney Spears concerts as being
Britney
lip synced throughout which is not something that she appreciated.
Spears on her
tour in 2009. It is obvious
Her sense of by just
dressing is looking at a
very revealing few minutes
which is what of her
might attract a concert that

28. Playback and Lip Sync
Playback singers are used in movies as their voices are prerecorded, they are used
as soundtracks so the actors and actresses can lip sync the song. Playback singers
are used in a lot of Bollywood movies, because songs are played in between
scenes very often. It makes it much more easier for the producer to include a
soundtrack and make the actor/actress lip sync so it looks as if though they are
singing it at that particular time. Lip sync is a part of playback singing, it is when a
soundtrack is used in a film and the actor/actress starring in the film has to sing
along to the words, when actually the song prerecorded by a professional singer. In
my opinion, playback singers and lip syncing are very useful techniques used in
music videos because it makes it much more easier for a producer to play any
soundtrack that matches with genre and make the actor/actress sing to it rather
then having to call the proper singer. Also, playback singing is an occupation for a
Here are
lot of older people in the musicscreenshotsespecially in Bollywood songs and films.
industry, from a
Indian movie scene
when the actress is
lip syncing to a song.
The best part about
this technique is
shown discreetly so
the audience don’t
even come to know

29. Camera Movements
A pan is used to scan a scene, it is taken horizontally and adds excitement. It may
be taken to follow the action of a scene, or simply just to show the scenery of a
specific place. Similarly, a tilt scans a scene vertically. It can be used to film tall
buildings as they are very long or, if the genre of the music video is romantic, it may
be used to film a women in her wedding dress because it is best seen vertically.
When filming a tracking shot also known as dolly, the camera is placed on a moving
trolley because it is used to follow a particular person or an object. Tracking
movements are used a lot in chase scenes because it can follow the person into
lanes and alleys quickly and steadily. Also, cranes are used to show tracking
movements because the camera can be moved around easily. A follow is when the
cinematographer follows the action or even the main object of the scene. It is simple
and straightforward, used in chase scenes and scenes where there is a lot of
movement going on. The Aerial shot is usually filmed from helicopters, helicopters
are great vehicles when it comes to filming because are very flexible they can go
anywhere at any speed. The Aerial shot is used to establish a scene, establishing a
scene is very important so the audience know what kind of atmosphere and mood
to be in. There are many different shots to show an establishing shot so the
producer can be really creative with his opening scene, he doesn’t have to stick to
one idea.

30. Camera Movements
Here is an example of a dolly Here is an example
shot, where it seems like you of a panning shot,
are standing still yet you are it works quite well
moving closer to an object. In when you are
this case, it seems as if you trying to show a
are moving closer to the crowd because you
building and the people can get a bunch of
walking around are ramped people in one
up to create a busy, city life frame. Also, it
effect. allows the
audience to see
the location of the
This is scene from multiple
another angles.
example of a
dolly shot,
where it
seems as
though if the
helicopter is
coming
towards you.

31. Camera Shots
There are many different types of camera shots and movements used in music
videos for different purposes and effects. An establishing shot is used to show the
audience the context of a scene, it is used at the beginning or at the end of a
scene. An extreme long shot is usually used as an establishing shot because it
shows landscapes and other exterior area. A long shot is a shot that is realistic in
size, for example if the producer was trying to show a male human body, the body
would be around six foot tall which is the approximate height for males. A long shot
shows the majority of the background and the details in it. A medium shot is usually
used for a dialogue scene that isn't trying to build up tension or suspense because
it is filmed from the knees and above. There isn't much background detail but the
audience would have been introduced to the location before. The over the
shoulder shot is a variation of a medium shot, it is when the camera is behind one
character only revealing the character on the opposite side talking to the camera
but usually with no eye contact. A close up shot is used to show emotion clearly,
for example, if the genre of the music video is sad then getting a close up of a
person crying is much more effective then a long shot. An extreme close up is
used for even more dramatic effect because it only films a part of a person or an
object, for example, a human eye. It makes the music video look much more
serious and thrilling. It is usually used in rock music or in pop music when they are
trying to make the artist look attractive by showing one eye full of black eyeliner or

32. The size of a long shot is
realistic, which is why she looks
a bit small in this scene. The
Camera Shots purpose of this shot is to focus
on the background and the
background details as well as
the artist.
The
establishing
shot lets the
audience
know the
location of the
scene, by
looking at this
screenshot,
you can
already tell
that is in New A medium shot, the background is dark and the
The close-up shot shows emotion clearly, also
York. editors haven't lit it up because they audience
they have made her look very glamorous and
already know the location. The director now
attractive by editing and airbrushing her face.
wants the audience to focus on the artist.

33. Camera Angles
The bird’s eye view is an angle that is taken from above, focusing on the
action below. When filming from such a high distance everything looks
different and this could be used as an effect. People would look much more
smaller and the nature surrounding objects would look very unusual. High
angles is not as radical as the birds eye view but is still quite high up. It makes
the objects below look much smaller and is filmed using a crane. Using a
crane to film a scene is very useful because it can be move around in any
direction and can be filmed from very high up. High angle shots and birds eye
view shots are used best in chase scenes because they can follow the action
fast and view the whole frame from above. It can also be used to emphasize a
location because you view a whole area clearly within one frame. The eye
level shot is taken from eye level, making the size of the artist on screen much
more realistic to its surroundings. It is a very simple and useful shot that can
be taken without any machinery or large equipment. A low angle shot can
make an artist look superior and confident because it is taken from below. It
can be used in a mysterious video to give a sense of insecurity and confusion.
A canted angle is when the camera is tilted, it is used a lot in horror movies to
make it look realistic and terrifying.

34. Here is a close-up of
buildings that had to be taken
from a helicopter because it
Camera Angles is impossible to get a shot of
it from any other way.
This is a low angle shot
because it is taken from
below but, the editor has
used the threshold effect to
make everything black
except the sky which has
been brightened to make
the figure stand out. It
makes her look very lonely
This depressed.
and is a low angle
shot, making the artist
look superior and
arrogant.
This is an example of
an eye level shot
because the size of his
face close-up is
realistic. Also, the
This is a high angle shot because you can close-up allows the
see the buildings clearly but the cars and audience to see his
the people are very miniature. emotion clearly, which

35. Chroma Key
Chroma key is when two videos or images are combined together to create
one final image. The backdrop used while performing this technique is usually
either a blue or a green screen which is subjected to the chroma key process.
The reason they use the colors blue and green as a backdrop is because the
colors are far away to the human skin tones as possible. The actors have to
make sure that they are wearing colors that make them stand out and not
blend in with the back drop. The backgrounds are lit to allow the audience to
focus on the actors clearly, if the back drop is not lit, the process would have
extra areas showing that are unnecessary and will make it look unprofessional.
The chroma key is also used for creating special effects such as invisibility and
making the actors look as if blue
The though they are in trouble.
screen
looks much
As you can see here,
more
the actress is wearing a
powerful
white shirt to prevent
and eye
her from blending in
catching
with the background.
but, both
the screens
are used for
different

36. Conclusion
Overall, I believe that music videos are a great creation to entertain an
audience in a musical way. Also, it is very beneficial in the media
industry as there are a lot more job options. Artists can relate to an
audience by singing about their perspectives of life and showing it in a
music video, usually adding extra effects and making it more exciting.
Fortunately, we have a lot of advanced technology that can help us
create music videos easily. In the past, creating a music video would
have been a great achievement, whereas nowadays, artists come up
with a new music video every month.
Animation: Text on a music Low angle shot:
video: