The document discusses hydrogen as a 'green fuel' and its potential to solve the world's energy and climate issues by harnessing renewable energy for its production. Hydrogen is derived from water through electrolysis powered by renewable sources like solar and wind, making it a clean and efficient energy carrier. The text highlights the environmental, economic, and energy security benefits of renewable energy, alongside the future prospects of hydrogen in various applications, including transportation and power generation.

1. “Hydrogen: The Green Fuel”
“SUN is the ultimate source of energy.”
Through the ages, world has known this. The heat and light from this star is the reason for life
on our planet. The rains, the forests, the deserts and our eco systems. All wonders of nature
thrive on the energy from SUN.
But, what is the reason of this energy that has made SUN brighten up the whole world?
It Is The Fusion Reaction That Is Continuously Taking Place On SUN.
The fusion reaction between two Hydrogen nucleuses consisting of one proton each.
Hence it will be apt to say that Hydrogen is also our”ultimate source of energy”.
The energy problems and climatic problems that our world is facing now, has forced all of us to
ponder upon.
By tapping Hydrogen energy on our planet’s surface, we can answer all our energy problems.
Hydrogen is considered as an energy carrier – it stores energy first created elsewhere.
Fortunately, there are many ways of producing hydrogen (green fuel).One of them is WATER
ELECTROLYSISusing power from hydroelectricity, solar, wind and nuclear energy.
Hydrogen is an excellent fuel for many reasons. Hydrogen is:
 Carbon-free
 Exceptionally clean
 Lighter than air
 Odorless (without a smell)
 Non-toxic
 Safe to produce, store and transport
 Easy to store in large amounts
 Easily produced from many different sources
 Has good calorific value
When Hydrogen is burnt or used for power generation, there is no carbon released into
the environment. No effluent is thrown is the rivers/oceans. It fumes are non-toxic.
These characteristics of Hydrogen makes it a GREEN FUEL.

2. Hydrogen is found in many organic compounds, as well as water.
It’s the most abundant element on the Earth. But it doesn’t occur naturally as a gas. It’s always
combined with other elements, such as with Oxygen to make water.
Once separated from another element, hydrogen can be burnt as a fuel or converted into
electricity.
GREEN HYDROGEN:
 Green Hydrogen Is Defined As Hydrogen Produced From Renewable Energy Sources.
More than 60% of our planet is made up of water. This water can be used to generate this
Hydrogen : a green fuel.
Water is dissociated to liberate Hydrogen and Oxygen. Electricity that is used to dissociate the
water can be obtained from Solar or Wind energy. Making the whole system of Hydrogen
Generation through Water as a green technology.
 Electricity used : coming from Renewable source - SOLAR/WIND
 Raw material used : a renewable source – WATER
 Product obtained : HYDROGEN - THE GREEN FUEL & OXYGEN
 Green Distribution Of Green Hydrogen
Hydrogen can be distributed compressed, liquefied or through a pipeline.
Both on land and by sea, hydrogen could be distributed in compressed or in liquefied form. By
fueling the distribution trucks and ships with hydrogen, the value chain is green all the way from
production to consumer.

3.  Liquid Hydrogen
Hydrogen has a higher specific energy per unit than fossil-fuels, but a lower energy density per
unit. In short, it takes up less weight but more space than the current solutions. There are two
solutions to this problem; compression and liquefaction, the second of which offers the best
density at the expense of costs and complexity.
Therefore, there are use cases for both compressed and liquefied hydrogen depending on
energy demands and space availability.
For example, a supply vessel to the oil and gas industry would need about six tonnes of
hydrogen for a standard three-day operation. In gaseous form, hydrogen at 350 bar pressure
would need storage of about 250 m3, compared to only 85 m3 in liquid form.
WHY IS RENEWABLE ENERGY IMPORTANT?
Renewable energy is important because of the benefits it provides. The key benefits are:
Environmental Benefits
Renewable energy technologies are clean sources of energy that have a much lower
environmental impact than conventional energy technologies.
We need to find energy sources with zero carbon emissions.
Energy for our children’s children’s children
Renewable energy will not run out. Ever. Other sources of energy are finite and will some day
be depleted.
Jobs and the Economy
Most renewable energy investments are spent on materials and workmanship to build and
maintain the facilities, rather than on costly energy imports. Renewable energy investments are
usually spent within the United States, frequently in the same state, and often in the same town.
This means your energy dollars stay home to create jobs and fuel local economies, rather than
going overseas.
Meanwhile, renewable energy technologies developed and built in the United States are being
sold overseas, providing a boost to the U.S. trade deficit.

4. Energy Security
After the oil supply disruptions of the early 1970s, our nation has increased its dependence on
foreign oil supplies instead of decreasing it. This increased dependence impacts more than just
our national energy policy.
4 Prospective Of The Hydrogen
Automotive – hydrogen fueling stations
As hydrogen fuelling stations for fuel cell vehicles are rolled out across World and countries
focusing on finding an alternative fuel, Hydrogen is well prepared to meet the future demands
with the new, compact and high yielding electrolysers.
On-site Industry
For industries using large quantities of hydrogen, on-site hydrogen generation using
electrolysers can be a greener and economically viable alternative to having hydrogen
transported to site in high-pressure tubes and cylinders.
Unlike, conventional methods of Hydrogen production which dispense CO2 in air.
Power-to-Gas
Hydrogen from electrolysers can be used directly as an energy carrier. An example is hydrogen-
powered turbines and the hydrogen injected into the natural gas grid.
Hydrogen can also be used indirectly, combined with biogas and CO2 to create clean methane
or methanol.
Applications for direct use of hydrogen as an energy carrier:
 Hydrogen-powered turbines or hydrogen fuel cells for electricity production (often
referred to as “power-to-power”)
 Direct injection of hydrogen into the natural gas pipeline (often referred to as “energy
storage”), where it replaces fossil based natural gas
Applications for use of hydrogen to produce other energy carriers:
 Methanation: hydrogen mixed with biogas and CO2 in a catalytic or biological process,
producing a clean methane gas (often referred to as “Synthetic Natural Gas” or “SNG”).
SNG may be injected into the natural gas pipeline to replace fossil-based natural gas.
 Methanol (fuel): hydrogen mixed with biogas and/or CO2 in a catalytic process
producing a green methanol that may be used for the automotive market

5. Power-to-Power
Renewable energy from wind turbines and PV panels is a viable alternative energy supply for off
grid communities and remote locations.
With hydrogen fuel cells or a hydrogen powered generator – provide clean, effective backup
power solutions that eliminate the need for diesel gensets.
priyag@nuberg.in