The document discusses South Carolina's potential as a leader in the hydrogen economy. It outlines South Carolina's existing strengths in hydrogen research, manufacturing expertise, and governmental support for hydrogen initiatives. Key applications of hydrogen and fuel cells that are feasible in the near future include portable power, off-road vehicles, and fuel cell buses and cars. Several projects and demonstrations involving hydrogen vehicles and fuel cells have already taken place in South Carolina.
Evan Ramsey, Senior Director of Renewable Programs at Bonneville Environmental Foundation gave this presentation at Forth's webinar on September 08, 2020
A brief introduction and reminder of of the energy market here in the most isolated group of inhabited islands in the entire world - Hawaii - where we have to import ALL of our fossil fuel.
Il World Energy Focus, nuovo mensile online della WEC's community, una e-publication gratuita per essere sempre aggiornato sugli sviluppi del settore energetico. Il World Energy Focus contiene news, interviste esclusive e uno spazio dedicato agli eventi promossi dai singoli Comitati Nazionali.
Evan Ramsey, Senior Director of Renewable Programs at Bonneville Environmental Foundation gave this presentation at Forth's webinar on September 08, 2020
A brief introduction and reminder of of the energy market here in the most isolated group of inhabited islands in the entire world - Hawaii - where we have to import ALL of our fossil fuel.
Il World Energy Focus, nuovo mensile online della WEC's community, una e-publication gratuita per essere sempre aggiornato sugli sviluppi del settore energetico. Il World Energy Focus contiene news, interviste esclusive e uno spazio dedicato agli eventi promossi dai singoli Comitati Nazionali.
Facts on Canadian Energy Production, Efficiency, and InitiativesPeace Power
Canada is the world’s third largest producer of hydroelectricity, making up more than 10 per cent of the world’s total hydropower generation. Hydroelectricity generation makes up about 60 per cent of Canada’s domestic electricity supply.
Energy poverty is a problem in Kenya. IESE’s Ahmed Rahnema examines current challenges in the country’s power generation, quest for alternative fuels, cooking needs and fertilizer production – and offers possible solutions, as well as prime investment opportunities.
ETCFC presentation to the West Knox Sertoma Club, 7/14/09ETCleanFuels
This is a presentation I gave to a Sertoma Club in Knoxville in July this year. It covers a lot, starting with our coalition and what we do, then going through basics and background on oil and oil systems, to actions taking place in East Tennessee today to help us move away from oil alone in the transportation sector.
How & why to end our dependence on oil? Mayank Mehta
How & why to end our dependence On oil?
clean energy, problem of subsidy, nuclear energy, black marketing, hybrid cars, renewable energy, wind, solar, ocean thermal
On Friday, May 8, 2009 Washington Gov. Chris Gregoire signed the Efficiency First Bill, which sets the goal of carbon neutrality for all new public and private new buildings and major restorations by 2031. The 2030 Challenge takes Washington’s built environment all the way to carbon neutrality in a series of benchmarked steps
According to the 2030 Challenge Buildings are the major source of global demand for energy and materials that produce byproduct greenhouse gases (GHG). Slowing the growth rate of GHG emissions and then reversing it is the key to addressing climate change and keeping global average temperature below 2°C above pre-industrial levels.
In Washington our buildings are cleaner than most because owe have hydropower resources. But, this means our CO2 footprint from transportation is a larger part of the energy mix than elsewhere, hence: Washington Sunrise 2030 shows that our state can extend this challenge to transportation and
achieve a truly renewable energy economy by 2030.
Crisis Communication in Response to the Baltimore UnrestLynn Morton
Presented at WOMMA Summit 2015 with Danielle Hogan of United Way of Central Maryland. This presentation covers what lead up to the Baltimore Uprising and how UWCM responded in a time of extreme crisis.
Facts on Canadian Energy Production, Efficiency, and InitiativesPeace Power
Canada is the world’s third largest producer of hydroelectricity, making up more than 10 per cent of the world’s total hydropower generation. Hydroelectricity generation makes up about 60 per cent of Canada’s domestic electricity supply.
Energy poverty is a problem in Kenya. IESE’s Ahmed Rahnema examines current challenges in the country’s power generation, quest for alternative fuels, cooking needs and fertilizer production – and offers possible solutions, as well as prime investment opportunities.
ETCFC presentation to the West Knox Sertoma Club, 7/14/09ETCleanFuels
This is a presentation I gave to a Sertoma Club in Knoxville in July this year. It covers a lot, starting with our coalition and what we do, then going through basics and background on oil and oil systems, to actions taking place in East Tennessee today to help us move away from oil alone in the transportation sector.
How & why to end our dependence on oil? Mayank Mehta
How & why to end our dependence On oil?
clean energy, problem of subsidy, nuclear energy, black marketing, hybrid cars, renewable energy, wind, solar, ocean thermal
On Friday, May 8, 2009 Washington Gov. Chris Gregoire signed the Efficiency First Bill, which sets the goal of carbon neutrality for all new public and private new buildings and major restorations by 2031. The 2030 Challenge takes Washington’s built environment all the way to carbon neutrality in a series of benchmarked steps
According to the 2030 Challenge Buildings are the major source of global demand for energy and materials that produce byproduct greenhouse gases (GHG). Slowing the growth rate of GHG emissions and then reversing it is the key to addressing climate change and keeping global average temperature below 2°C above pre-industrial levels.
In Washington our buildings are cleaner than most because owe have hydropower resources. But, this means our CO2 footprint from transportation is a larger part of the energy mix than elsewhere, hence: Washington Sunrise 2030 shows that our state can extend this challenge to transportation and
achieve a truly renewable energy economy by 2030.
Crisis Communication in Response to the Baltimore UnrestLynn Morton
Presented at WOMMA Summit 2015 with Danielle Hogan of United Way of Central Maryland. This presentation covers what lead up to the Baltimore Uprising and how UWCM responded in a time of extreme crisis.
Keep It Sane: Social Product DisclosuresLynn Morton
Every product and brand has announcements they fear their customers won’t like, but how to do you keep your cool and be prepared for the worst, while hoping for the best? Microsoft’s SQL Server Marketing Team was faced with this challenge when new pricing and licensing information was about to be disclosed.
These challenges included: no prior tribal knowledge, socially engaged customer base, followed highly visible announcements from VMware & Netflix, required a scalable & flexible solution with 24/7 monitoring, and mobilizing an entire organization to field customer comments/queries.
Learn how they implemented an Online Listening & Engagement (OLE) Plan to mitigate customer dissatisfaction and maintain positive sentiment through a potentially catastrophic announcement for their brand.
Marketing to the Millennials: Connect & Engage the Younger GenerationLynn Morton
Learn how social media conversations are happening around brands across the globe & how these brands highlight, showcase, respond & inspire their customers. Learn how to listen and navigate through any rough waters.
Bartholomy Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles Using Mazda Rotary PrototypeCardinaleWay Mazda
Experience Mazda Zoom Zoom Lifestyle and Culture by Visiting and joining the Official Mazda Community at http://www.MazdaCommunity.org for additional insight into the Zoom Zoom Lifestyle and special offers for Mazda Community Members. If you live in Arizona, check out CardinaleWay Mazda's eCommerce website at http://www.Cardinale-Way-Mazda.com
Beaverton Living Greener Electric Vehicle Roadmap. Presented April 10th, 2010 at Beaverton Oregon City Hall.
Presented by:
George K Beard
Executive Leadership Institute
Hatfield School of Government
See the 27 minute video of the presentation here:
http://tinyurl.com/y6k3c9s
Experience Mazda Zoom Zoom Lifestyle and Culture by Visiting and joining the Official Mazda Community at http://www.MazdaCommunity.org for additional insight into the Zoom Zoom Lifestyle and special offers for Mazda Community Members. If you live in Arizona, check out CardinaleWay Mazda's eCommerce website at http://www.Cardinale-Way-Mazda.com
Greater Columbia Fuel Cell Challenge
Clean technology is revolutionizing the global energy economy. In an effort to accelerate the commercialization of clean
technologies in South Carolina, the USC-Columbia Fuel Cell Collaborative is re-launching the Fuel Cell Challenge. The
Challenge is an innovative-based competition focused on
identifying and commercializing novel hydrogen, fuel cell, and clean technologies in the industry.
Teams from around the country are invited to compete by submitting innovative technologies and business plans for
developing the next generation of products focused on
hydrogen and fuel cell technology and its components.
Awards will be granted for 1st, 2nd, and 3rd place submissions. Winning proposals will receive the following cash prizes as well as support resources.
1st Place: $100,000
2nd Place: $50,000
3rd Place: $25,000
Download an application today! www.fuelcellcollaborative.com
Elevating Tactical DDD Patterns Through Object CalisthenicsDorra BARTAGUIZ
After immersing yourself in the blue book and its red counterpart, attending DDD-focused conferences, and applying tactical patterns, you're left with a crucial question: How do I ensure my design is effective? Tactical patterns within Domain-Driven Design (DDD) serve as guiding principles for creating clear and manageable domain models. However, achieving success with these patterns requires additional guidance. Interestingly, we've observed that a set of constraints initially designed for training purposes remarkably aligns with effective pattern implementation, offering a more ‘mechanical’ approach. Let's explore together how Object Calisthenics can elevate the design of your tactical DDD patterns, offering concrete help for those venturing into DDD for the first time!
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and GrafanaRTTS
Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application.
In this webinar, we will review the benefits of leveraging InfluxDB and Grafana when executing load tests and demonstrate how these tools are used to visualize performance metrics.
Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview
-------------------------------------------
During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana:
- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
- Which features are provided by Grafana?
- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
To view the webinar recording, go to:
https://www.rttsweb.com/jmeter-integration-webinar
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
Slack (or Teams) Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Soluti...Jeffrey Haguewood
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on the notifications, alerts, and approval requests using Slack for Bonterra Impact Management. The solutions covered in this webinar can also be deployed for Microsoft Teams.
Interested in deploying notification automations for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered QualityInflectra
In this insightful webinar, Inflectra explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming software development and testing. Discover how AI-powered tools are revolutionizing every stage of the software development lifecycle (SDLC), from design and prototyping to testing, deployment, and monitoring.
Learn about:
• The Future of Testing: How AI is shifting testing towards verification, analysis, and higher-level skills, while reducing repetitive tasks.
• Test Automation: How AI-powered test case generation, optimization, and self-healing tests are making testing more efficient and effective.
• Visual Testing: Explore the emerging capabilities of AI in visual testing and how it's set to revolutionize UI verification.
• Inflectra's AI Solutions: See demonstrations of Inflectra's cutting-edge AI tools like the ChatGPT plugin and Azure Open AI platform, designed to streamline your testing process.
Whether you're a developer, tester, or QA professional, this webinar will give you valuable insights into how AI is shaping the future of software delivery.
Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered Quality
Hydrogen 101 September
1. Hydrogen 101: The Basics of a Hydrogen Economy in South Carolina Shannon Baxter-Clemmons SC Hydrogen & Fuel Cell Alliance Scott Greenway Greenway Energy LLC [email_address]
12. Economic Growth Takes Energy Source: UN and DOE EIA PPP = Purchasing Power Parity - A rate of exchange that accounts for price differences across countries allowing international comparisons of real output and incomes. US Australia Russia Brazil China India S. Korea Mexico Ireland Greece France UK Japan Malaysia Energy demand and GDP per capita (1980-2002)
17. Sources of Energy Gasification Steam Reforming Coal Biomass Natural Gas Oil H 2 H 2 is an energy carrier, it stores and delivers energy in a usable form. An energy source or energy carrier?
20. Hydrogen Fuel Cell An electrochemical cell in which the energy of the reaction between hydrogen and oxygen, is converted directly and continuously into electrical energy. Byproducts of the reaction are water and heat. www.microsec.net www.fuelcelltoday.com Fuel Cell Stack Schematic of a Fuel Cell
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25. Battery vs Fuel Cell Forklifts Fuel Cell Forklift & Refilling Station Battery Forklift & Charging Station Battery Forklift & Changing Battery Difficulty to Steer During Voltage Fade 5-10 min ~ 8 hr ~ 6 hr ~ 6 hr (no fade) ~ 2 hr (fade) 15-20 min ~ 6 hr (no fade) ~ 2 hr (fade) Run Time Voltage 8 hr Run Time Voltage 6 hr 2 hr
So what gives South Carolina an advantage over other states when it comes to hydrogen and fuel cell research and development? South Carolina’s 50-year history of hydrogen research comes from the combined work of the Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) and the University of South Carolina (USC). SRNL, through the Department of Energy, has been researching hydrogen for more than 50 years. USC has had hydrogen and fuel cell research on their agenda since the 1980’s when they began recruiting a team of nationally recognized researchers in the field of hydrogen and fuel cell technology. In addition to the Harvard study , two other reports were crucial in identifying South Carolina’s strengths in regard to hydrogen and fuel cell activities: The South Carolina Hydrogen Economy: Capitalizing on the State’s R&D Assets – July 2005 South Carolina Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Economy Strategy Report – September 2005 South Carolina Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Alliance members represent a broad slice of stakeholders each involved with hydrogen initiatives. Members include: The University of South Carolina Clemson University South Carolina State University The Center for Hydrogen Research The Savannah River National Laboratory The South Carolina Department of Commerce The South Carolina Energy Office EngenuitySC The South Carolina Research Authority
Now that we understand how the technology is used, I would like to tell you about a number of reasons that make SC a leader in the coming hydrogen and fuel cell economy. Governmental support for hydrogen is shown across every aspect of SC’s government: from national representative to local communities. SC’s research strengths cover a broad spectrum of hydrogen aspects from cradle to the grave. In other words, SC’s existing organizations are heavily involved in researching hydrogen production, hydrogen storage, fuel cell use, automotive integration of hydrogen and fuel cells, and related transportation issues. This makes SC a prime location for any company looking to invest in hydrogen and fuel cell technology in any regard. Different regional groups in SC are demonstrating hydrogen and fuel cell use in transportation, stationary and portable uses, showing a wide range of hydrogen markets . SC is gaining prominence in the hydrogen and fuel cell industry because of our expertise in manufacturing . Reports in recent years have pointed to a lack of manufacturing expertise in the US but SC remains strong in this area. Finally, as a state, the primary players in SC’s hydrogen and fuel cell community are coordinating and collaborating through the SC Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Alliance. SCHFCA Mission statement: The South Carolina Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Alliance is a public-private collaboration for cooperative and coordinated utilization of resources in the state used to advance the commercialization of hydrogen and fuel cell technologies.
SC may have the strongest national leadership of any state with Rep. Inglis and Sen. Graham leading the House and Senate Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Caucuses. They identified national needs for solutions to challenges such as climate change and energy security and saw an opportunity for the Palmetto State to contribute to those solutions and prosper in the process. State Support: State Endowed Chairs Program (2001) proposes $30 million per year to support research and at least five chairs are focused on fuel cell research. The Research Campus Bond Act of 2004 has committed $440 million to date to support higher education research. Hydrogen Infrastructure Development Act: S.243; passed June 2007 Proposes $15 million over three years to companies that enable growth of hydrogen and fuel cells in SC Proposes tax credits and favorable state incentives to partner with SC’s existing organizations Funding was cut in 2007 because of a budgetary shortfall, but 12 initial proposals leveraged $18.4 million against $9.6 million from state of SC
As I have already discussed, South Carolina has been involved with hydrogen and fuel cell research for more than 50 years. Our state’s research capabilities also address every step of the process of hydrogen and fuel cell research—from production and storage of hydrogen to eventual integration in automobiles and other applications. Hydrogen Production and Storage: SRNL and CHR have partnered on numerous projects to advance research in hydrogen production and storage. The Center for Hydrogen Research recently unveiled SC’s first hydrogen car, a Chevrolet Silverado. Fuel Cell Research: The University of South Carolina has been nationally recognized by the National Hydrogen Association for its outstanding fuel cell work. Automotive Integration: Clemson University’s International Center for Automotive Research is a quickly-growing research campus with the goal of becoming the world’s premier center for motorsports research. Transportation: After completion, the $26 million James E. Clyburn University Transportation Center will address key focus areas including the creation of a comprehensive hydrogen research capacity through collaborations in storage, production, fuel cells and environmental studies.
While states like California are primarily focused on automotive applications for hydrogen and fuel cells, South Carolina is dedicated to growing unique near-term markets for the technology that can create an immediate impact for our state and citizens, while also creating demand for a hydrogen infrastructure. The Greater Columbia Fuel Cell Challenge, an SCHFCA member, has been instrumental in introducing hydrogen applications to the Midlands and provided $50,000 in funding to support the development of a fuel cell powered Segway . Developed by two USC professors, the fuel cell Segway is expected to increase the amount of time that a typical Segway can be used by 20-90%.
Columbia and the Midlands area are quickly becoming one of the premier areas for hydrogen and fuel cell deployment in South Carolina. In 2007, the City of Columbia announced the creation of the Columbia Fuel Cell District with the goal of creating an urban area for mass deployment of hydrogen and fuel cell technologies. Other awards from the Greater Columbia Fuel Cell Challenge include: Backup power system at Benedict College A USC Citizen’s School for hydrogen technology A hands-on exhibit at EdVenture Children’s Museum Hydrogen forklift demonstrations And more The Columbia Metropolitan Convention Center will also host the 2009 National Hydrogen Association’s annual conference. The conference is the US’s largest hydrogen conference The conference will bring together the world’s leading hydrogen and fuel cell companies The conference is anticipated to create an economic impact of more than $1 million when it brings more than 1,500 attendees to the Midlands
Having been home to the Savannah River National Laboratory for decades, the Aiken region is also on of the premier nodes of activity for hydrogen and fuel cells in South Carolina. Community Partnerships: The Center for Hydrogen Research, through the Aiken Economic Development Partnership, has built a close bond with the Aiken community. Aiken County fully funded the 60,000 sq. ft. Center for Hydrogen Research and its present $1.7 million expansion. Hydrogen Silverado: The 2007 Chevy Silverado has been modified with an internal combustion engine that runs on gaseous hydrogen. Approximate range on a tank of hydrogen is 200 miles. The truck gets better mileage than a conventional gasoline Silverado—the equivalent of 20 miles per gallon instead of 17 miles per gallon. Bridgestone: A hydrogen fueling station has been installed adjacent to the plant to fuel the forklifts. Bridgestone is already using hydrogen fuel cells to run industrial vehicles at other plants. Bridgestone is working with Plug Power to develop additional fuel cell prototypes.
I have already discussed many of South Carolina’s extensive hydrogen and fuel cell research capabilities, but our state’s existing manufacturing capabilities will also play an integral part in how hydrogen and fuel cells are commercialized. South Carolina is ranked 13 th in the number of manufacturing jobs in the US. South Carolina ranks 2 nd in the percent of manufacturing-related export employment in the US. South Carolina is home to more than 16 Technical Colleges and numerous workforce training programs, some of which are already deploying fuel cell programs. Midlands Technical College and Aiken Technical College have both incorporated fuel cell training programs into their curricula. The South Carolina Department of Commerce, a founding member of the SCHFCA, has also been extensively involved in marketing our state’s hydrogen and fuel cell assets and manufacturing capabilities. Mike Nelson, Senior Technology Advisor for the SC Department of Commerce, continues to promote hydrogen and fuel cell initiatives outside of our state to recruit private industry.
Economic growth follows or is a product of an increased energy use per person. Note that as the economy grows (moving to the right on the bottom scale), the energy use per person also grows. (?) What does a fairly flat line on this chart mean? (See the US line near top.) (A: Energy usage per person is not increasing much as the economy grows.) (?) What does a steep line (Australia) mean? (A: Energy usage per person is increasing rapidly as the economy grows.) (?) Why does the US have a fairly flat line? (A: The more mature energy consumers with well-established infrastructures and economies (like the US) are generally moving away from energy-intensive manufacturing industries toward services, and they will see lower increases in energy demand.) World-wide energy consumption is projected to continue increasing. Fossil fuels continue to supply much of this energy and oil remains the dominant energy source. However, nations such as China, India, and regions such as Central and South America, Africa, and the Middle East, where strong regional economic growth creates a steep increase in energy demand. This, of course, adds to the demand of the world’s energy supply. The introduction of hydrogen as an energy carrier, alongside electricity, could enable our nation to exploit resources that are best adapted to each region of the country. Hydrogen is also one of the few energy carriers that enables renewable energy sources to be introduced into transport systems.
This is our consumption of resources to meet our energy demands. If we wish to change dependence from oil, we need to provide much energy from another source.
Here as you can see, The U.S is one of the major consumer of oil. More than 3 tons per capita. Not necessarily the energy consumption equals the oil consumption.
Gasification Process in which coal or biomass is converted into gaseous components using steam, then after various chemical reactions we can extract the hydrogen. Steam reforming It involves two steps: Reformation - methane reacting with steam to produce a synthesis gas, a mixture made up of hydrogen and carbon monoxide Shift Reaction – the carbon monoxide is reacted with steam to produce hydrogen and carbon dioxide
Hydrolysis It involves renewable energy to create hydrogen. In an electrolyzer an electrical surge is used to separate hydrogen from oxygen atoms in water molecules.
A fuel cell is a device that takes stored chemical energy and converts it directly to electrical energy. Basically, it takes the chemical energy stored within the fuel (e.g. hydrogen, methane, and methanol) and converts it into electricity through electrochemical reactions.
Comparison of Fuel Cells with Batteries Fuel cells and batteries have many similarities. Both consist of an anode and a cathode in contact with an electrolyte. Both convert chemicals into electrical energy through an electrochemical reaction. In a battery, all the chemicals needed to produce electric power come packaged inside the battery structure, and are consumed during use. So, a battery is said to be a closed system because it has a fixed amount of these chemicals. A battery operates until these chemicals are used up, then it must either be replaced or recharged, depending on the type of battery. Fuel cells are different from batteries in the storage method for the chemicals used to make electric power. The chemicals are supplied from an external source: they are not a part of the fuel cell. So, a Fuel Cell is said to be an open system because it will continue to produce electric power (and heat) as long as the chemicals are supplied. The most common chemicals used in fuel cells are hydrogen and air. Teacher questions: Question: How are batteries and fuel cells alike? Answer: Both consist of anode, cathode, electrolyte. Both use electrochemical reactions to convert chemicals to electrical power. Question: How are batteries and fuel cells different? Answer: Different storage methods for the chemicals: the battery has the chemicals inside, the fuel cell is supplied with chemicals from outside.
The DOE commissioned Battelle to identify likely near-term pre-automotive markets for PEM fuel cells in the 1 kilowatt (kW) to 250 kW range.
PEM fuel cells can also offer significant cost advantages over both battery-generator systems and battery-only systems when shorter run-time capability of up to three days is sufficient. In a study for the U.S. Department of Energy, Battelle Memorial Institute analyzed lifecycle costs of emergency response radio towers, comparing fuel cells with 2kW battery-only backup of 8 hours and 5kW battery-generator backup of 52 hours, 72 hours, and 176 hours. As shown in the table below, on a lifecycle basis, PEM fuel cells can provide service at substantially lower total cost than current technologies (the higher cost of the 176-hour fuel cell system results from the cost of hydrogen storage tank rental). Notes: Total cost includes capital costs and operations and maintenance costs. As of October 2008, fuel cells are eligible for a tax credit of up to $3,000/kW. As shown here, however, fuel cells can be cost-competitive with the previous tax credit of $1,000/kW. Calculations assume 5-year battery replacement schedule.