Presented by Rural Advancement Foundation International (RAFI-USA) Research & Policy Associate James Robinson. August 8, 2013.
Contact James Robinson with any questions: james@rafiusa.org
919-542-1396 ext. 209
For more information about forced pooling and landowner rights visit: http://rafiusa.org/issues/landowner-rights-and-fracking/
Presented by Rural Advancement Foundation International (RAFI-USA) Research & Policy Associate James Robinson. May 21, 2013.
For more information about forced pooling and landowner rights visit: http://rafiusa.org/issues/landowner-rights-and-fracking/
What is Pooling? An Overview of Pooling in Five Oil and Gas Producing States....RAFI-USA
Layla Cummings
Research Fellow, DENR
February 8, 2013
An Overview of Pooling in Five Oil and Gas Producing States
Slides:
What is Pooling?
Unitization
Policy Behind Pooling
Pooling in Other States
Pooling in Arkansas
Pooling in Colorado
Pooling in Ohio
Pooling in Texas
Pooling in West Virginia
Issues to Consider
Alternative Minerals
Management Policy
Legal Rights and Natural Resources Center-Kasama sa Kalikasan
(LRC-KsK/Friends of the Earth-Philippines)
February 2011
Oil and gas and the texas railroad commissionMark Miller
The Texas Railroad Commission (TRRC) was established in 1891 to regulate railroads. Since 2005, however, it has had no transportation responsibilities. Rather, the TRRC is the primary regulator of the state’s oil and gas industry. With its obscure name and avowed role as industry champion, the TRRC is the epitome of regulatory capture and cronyism. Dr. Mark Miller, 2014 Libertarian Party nominee for Railroad Commissioner, will discuss oil and gas in Texas, the functions of the Railroad Commission, and some of the oil and gas regulatory challenges facing Texas.
Presented by Rural Advancement Foundation International (RAFI-USA) Research & Policy Associate James Robinson. May 21, 2013.
For more information about forced pooling and landowner rights visit: http://rafiusa.org/issues/landowner-rights-and-fracking/
What is Pooling? An Overview of Pooling in Five Oil and Gas Producing States....RAFI-USA
Layla Cummings
Research Fellow, DENR
February 8, 2013
An Overview of Pooling in Five Oil and Gas Producing States
Slides:
What is Pooling?
Unitization
Policy Behind Pooling
Pooling in Other States
Pooling in Arkansas
Pooling in Colorado
Pooling in Ohio
Pooling in Texas
Pooling in West Virginia
Issues to Consider
Alternative Minerals
Management Policy
Legal Rights and Natural Resources Center-Kasama sa Kalikasan
(LRC-KsK/Friends of the Earth-Philippines)
February 2011
Oil and gas and the texas railroad commissionMark Miller
The Texas Railroad Commission (TRRC) was established in 1891 to regulate railroads. Since 2005, however, it has had no transportation responsibilities. Rather, the TRRC is the primary regulator of the state’s oil and gas industry. With its obscure name and avowed role as industry champion, the TRRC is the epitome of regulatory capture and cronyism. Dr. Mark Miller, 2014 Libertarian Party nominee for Railroad Commissioner, will discuss oil and gas in Texas, the functions of the Railroad Commission, and some of the oil and gas regulatory challenges facing Texas.
This presentation focuses on changes in Minerals Policies in the country and how these mineral policies have triggered a changes in the mining laws over the period of time.
StrategicFit - French unconventionals regulationStrategicFit
StrategicFIt has written the following presentation in response to unconventional gas regulation in France. It provides insight into the recent fracking ban, the structure of relevant regulations and the process for engaging with regulators.
The presentation has been updated following Total's announcement on January 19th 2012 to appeal against the withdrawal of its permit to explore and excavate shale gas in France.
NOIA (National Oceanic Industries Association) President Randall Luthi's presentation to the LOGA Annual Meeting on Tuesday April 5th, 2011 at L'auberge Du Lac in Lake Charles, LA.
www.loga.la
www.twitter/LaOilGasAssoc
www.facebook.com/LouisianaOilGasAssociation
The legal provisions about the exploration of hydrocarbons in an exclusive ec...Gazis-Nikolaos
A brief summary of the legal framework regarding hydrocarbons exploration and exploitation in an exclusive economic zone focusing in Greek issues; in the frame of the "contract law" cource of the MSc in Oil & Gas Technology, School of Engineering Technology Department of Petroleum & Natural Gas Technology
The 37-page report from the Congressional Research Service takes a close look at federal legislation and its governance of/relationship to regulation of hydraulic fracturing. Specifically, the report looks at the Safe Drinking Water Act, the Clean Water Act and the Clean Air Act, along with a number of other federal laws. The report also takes a look at state preemption of local zoning regulations when it comes to oil and gas drilling--a hot legal issue in many states, with pending court cases in Pennsylvania, Ohio and New York.
Lecture on Philippine mining and resources law including updates on the Philippine mining industry for the University of the Philippines National Institute of Geological Sciences
Understanding the concept of risk poolingHFG Project
Presented during Day Two of the 2016 Nigeria Health Care Financing Training Workshop. Presented by Dr. Gafar Alawode. More: https://www.hfgproject.org/hcf-training-nigeria
This presentation focuses on changes in Minerals Policies in the country and how these mineral policies have triggered a changes in the mining laws over the period of time.
StrategicFit - French unconventionals regulationStrategicFit
StrategicFIt has written the following presentation in response to unconventional gas regulation in France. It provides insight into the recent fracking ban, the structure of relevant regulations and the process for engaging with regulators.
The presentation has been updated following Total's announcement on January 19th 2012 to appeal against the withdrawal of its permit to explore and excavate shale gas in France.
NOIA (National Oceanic Industries Association) President Randall Luthi's presentation to the LOGA Annual Meeting on Tuesday April 5th, 2011 at L'auberge Du Lac in Lake Charles, LA.
www.loga.la
www.twitter/LaOilGasAssoc
www.facebook.com/LouisianaOilGasAssociation
The legal provisions about the exploration of hydrocarbons in an exclusive ec...Gazis-Nikolaos
A brief summary of the legal framework regarding hydrocarbons exploration and exploitation in an exclusive economic zone focusing in Greek issues; in the frame of the "contract law" cource of the MSc in Oil & Gas Technology, School of Engineering Technology Department of Petroleum & Natural Gas Technology
The 37-page report from the Congressional Research Service takes a close look at federal legislation and its governance of/relationship to regulation of hydraulic fracturing. Specifically, the report looks at the Safe Drinking Water Act, the Clean Water Act and the Clean Air Act, along with a number of other federal laws. The report also takes a look at state preemption of local zoning regulations when it comes to oil and gas drilling--a hot legal issue in many states, with pending court cases in Pennsylvania, Ohio and New York.
Lecture on Philippine mining and resources law including updates on the Philippine mining industry for the University of the Philippines National Institute of Geological Sciences
Understanding the concept of risk poolingHFG Project
Presented during Day Two of the 2016 Nigeria Health Care Financing Training Workshop. Presented by Dr. Gafar Alawode. More: https://www.hfgproject.org/hcf-training-nigeria
In June 2010, EPA proposed a rule to regulate coal combustion residuals (“CCRs”) under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). After a lengthy delay, the proposed rule, which set forth two options for the regulation of CCRs, is expected to be finalized by the end of this year.
The Blue Ribbon Commission on Nuclear Waste says the U.S. needs to adopt a new approach to siting and developing nuclear waste management and disposal facilities in the future
In this presentation, FMC’s Bernard Roth outlines the current trends in energy regulatory law. The presentation includes the following topics:
- Trends in Facilities Regulation
- Alberta Non-Utility Oil and Gas Facilities
- AER Structure
- Responsible Energy Development
- Federal Budget Legislative Changes
- Federal Fisheries Act
- Navigable Waters Protection Act
- Canadian Environmental Assessment Act
- Trends in Utilities Regulation
- Performance Based Regulation for Alberta Utilities
A 119-page response submitted by Brad Gill, Independent Oil & Gas Association of New York to the NY Dept. of Environmental Conservation about the DEC's latest revision to draft fracking rules for the state. The IOGA response is highly critical of the new revisions and makes detailed recommendations on how to fix the proposed rules to ensure drilling actually happens in NY. According to IOGA, they are forced to now be "adversarial" in their stance after working closely with the DEC over the past 4.5 years on this issue.
NY Court of Appeals Decision in Walter R Beardslee v Inflection EnergyMarcellus Drilling News
The decision in a case before New York's highest court, the Court of Appeals, that finds the concept of force majeure does not grant energy companies the right to extend oil and gas leases beyond the initial term even if a state government moratorium or ban is placed on shale drilling. In essence, it guts the force majeure clause in state contracts, rendering such a clause useless and screwing contract law in New York State. A very poor decision.
A quarterly publication from the Independent Petroleum Association of America (IPAA) and the PIRA Energy Group. It recounts the latest battles by out-of-control environmentalists in their attempts to kill fossil fuels by demagoging and litigating against the miracle of hydraulic fracturing and shale drilling throughout the U.S. An excellent summary/rundown of the latest skirmishes in the fracking wars.
On June 21, 2016, United States District Judge Scott Skavdahl granted BakerHostetler’s petition for review of final agency action and declared the Bureau of Land Management’s (BLM’s) hydraulic fracturing rule unlawful. The court’s judgment sets aside BLM’s hydraulic fracturing rule.
Similar to Hydraulic Fracturing: Where Are We Now? (20)
Come to the Table Guidebook: Second EditionRAFI-USA
The second edition of the Come to the Table Guidebook is a 40-page publication released in 2015 by RAFI, the NC Council of Churches and Resourceful Communities. It includes snapshots of community groups that have pioneered innovative food access work, the current status of hunger and agriculture in North Carolina and nationally, along with new resources and stories from faith leaders and from the field.
RAFI's #UnSelfie Template for #GivingTuesdayRAFI-USA
Join thousands of individuals and organizations across the globe on December 2, 2014 to celebrate #GivingTuesday, an international day of giving back. Celebrate generosity by giving your time, talent, money or voice - and start by sharing your very own #unselfie.
Creating an #unselfie to support RAFI in four easy steps:
1) Print out the #unselfie template or grab a piece of paper.
2) Write down how and why you are giving back this #GivingTuesday.
3) Take a moment to snap a selfie - but instead of showing your smile, feature a handwritten message about why you are giving back by supporting RAFI.
4) Post your photo to Twitter, Instagram, Facebook or Pinterest - and be sure to tag @rafiusa so we can celebrate together!
Are you ready to vote in your FSA county committee election but not sure how? This document will show you how to properly fill out an FSA county committee ballot.
Note: FSA ballots are mailed to farmers prior to an election. The back of the mailing has a large print of the USDA logo.
Source: RAFI's Farmer Leadership Network
For more information visit: http://rafiusa.org/farmer-leadership-network/
Proceedings of the 2014 Summit on Seeds & Breeds for 21st Century AgricultureRAFI-USA
To address both the growing crisis in seed biodiversity and our global capacity to develop diverse seed and breed varieties, RAFI and the Coalition for Seeds and Breeds for 21st Century Agriculture organized the 2014 Summit on Seeds and Breeds for 21st Century Agriculture.
The event, which was held in Washington, DC in March of 2014 brought together plant breeders, experts on the seed industry, farmers, activists and academics representing ten universities, twelve civil society organizations and four seed collections to discuss the state of our global seed supply and develop recommendations for reinvigorating public breeding research and increasing seed availability in the country.
The Proceedings of the 2014 Summit on Seeds & Breeds for 21st Century Agriculture provide a compilation of the summit keynote papers, response papers, presentations and findings, as well as a summary of recommendations collaboratively developed by summit participants during discussion.
The publication includes the summit keynote papers authored by well-known plant breeders and researchers in the plant breeding field including:
• William Tracy, a sweet corn breeder with the University of Wisconsin;
• Major Goodman, a corn breeder and professor of crop science at North Carolina State University;
• Tommy Carter, a research geneticist and professor of crop science at North Carolina State University;
• David Ellis, the head of the Genebank Unit at the International Potato Center in Peru;
• Kathy Jo Wetter, Research Director of ETC Group’s Action Group on Erosion, Technology & Concentration;
• Michael Mazourek, a vegetable breeder and professor of plant breeding at Cornell University; and
• Charles Brummer, Senior V.P. Director of Forage Improvement at the Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation.
Learn more: http://rafiusa.org/publications/seeds/
The Final Report released by the North Carolina Mining and Energy Commission (MEC) in response to public comments on the draft fracking rules. A few of the proposed changes strengthen the rule set, especially those requiring Surface Use Agreements for any proposed drilling unit application. Unfortunately, some of the most inadequate rules, such as setbacks for high occupancy building, remain unchanged.
Executive Summary from Proceedings of 2014 Summit on Seeds & Breeds for 21st ...RAFI-USA
A compilation of 2014 Seed Summit keynote papers, response papers, presentations, findings, and a summary of recommendations to address the seed crisis.
The 2013 Annual Report from the Rural Advancement Foundation International-USA.
For more information contact:
RAFI-USA
PO Box 640
Pittsboro, NC 27312
www.rafiusa.org
Managing Specialty Crop Risk in North Carolina 2013RAFI-USA
Addressing risk is critical to the survival of family farms. Specialty crops in particular face a greater challenge. Over the past year, RAFI worked with specialty crop farmers across North Carolina to research and write Managing Specialty Crop Risk in North Carolina.
हम आग्रह करते हैं कि जो भी सत्ता में आए, वह संविधान का पालन करे, उसकी रक्षा करे और उसे बनाए रखे।" प्रस्ताव में कुल तीन प्रमुख हस्तक्षेप और उनके तंत्र भी प्रस्तुत किए गए। पहला हस्तक्षेप स्वतंत्र मीडिया को प्रोत्साहित करके, वास्तविकता पर आधारित काउंटर नैरेटिव का निर्माण करके और सत्तारूढ़ सरकार द्वारा नियोजित मनोवैज्ञानिक हेरफेर की रणनीति का मुकाबला करके लोगों द्वारा निर्धारित कथा को बनाए रखना और उस पर कार्यकरना था।
‘वोटर्स विल मस्ट प्रीवेल’ (मतदाताओं को जीतना होगा) अभियान द्वारा जारी हेल्पलाइन नंबर, 4 जून को सुबह 7 बजे से दोपहर 12 बजे तक मतगणना प्रक्रिया में कहीं भी किसी भी तरह के उल्लंघन की रिपोर्ट करने के लिए खुला रहेगा।
03062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
role of women and girls in various terror groupssadiakorobi2
Women have three distinct types of involvement: direct involvement in terrorist acts; enabling of others to commit such acts; and facilitating the disengagement of others from violent or extremist groups.
In a May 9, 2024 paper, Juri Opitz from the University of Zurich, along with Shira Wein and Nathan Schneider form Georgetown University, discussed the importance of linguistic expertise in natural language processing (NLP) in an era dominated by large language models (LLMs).
The authors explained that while machine translation (MT) previously relied heavily on linguists, the landscape has shifted. “Linguistics is no longer front and center in the way we build NLP systems,” they said. With the emergence of LLMs, which can generate fluent text without the need for specialized modules to handle grammar or semantic coherence, the need for linguistic expertise in NLP is being questioned.
31052024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
01062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
4. Leasing History in the Shale Gas
Basin
14 counties could be impacted by fracking
Over 9,000 farms on over 1.3 million acres of
farmland
Gas companies have targeted Lee County
Companies active in NC since 2006
Currently 80 active leases in Lee County covering
9,307 acres
5. Leasing History: Predatory
Leasing
NC leases offer landowners little compensation
Per acre bonus payment in other states up to $20,000
$1 - $20 bonus payments in North Carolina
Minimum Royalty Payments of 12.5%
Unreasonably long drilling phases
Typical Primary drilling phase 3-5 years
Primary drilling phases in NC leases 15-20 years, start
date unclear
Few landowner protections that limit financial risk and
legal liability for landowners
6. Current Law: Session Law
2012-143
Passed in 2012
Legalized the processes involved in hydraulic fracturing but prohibited
permits until regulations are in place
Tasked the Mining and Energy Commission with creating the regulatory
structure to govern fracking and other development of gas and minerals.
Established some landowner protections, including:
"cooling off" periods after leases are signed
minimum royalty payments, and
a requirement for operators to post a bond sufficient to cover
reclamation of a surface owner's property
30 day notice for “land disturbing activities”
“Registry of Landmen”
7. 2013 Legislation: Senate Bill 76
Version that Passed the Senate
Authorizes DENR to issue permits for fracking on or
after March 1, 2015 (MEC regulations scheduled to
be complete by October 2014)
Repeals the Landman Registry
Authorizes “deep injection wells” to dispose of
fracking fluids
Bill ultimately passed without the Senate provisions
listed above.
9. Mining and Energy Commission:
Current State of the Process
MEC committees in rule drafting process
Rules that pass committees are voted on by the full MEC
Current draft rules: http://portal.ncdenr.org/web/mining-and-energy-
commission/draft-rules
Chemical Disclosure Rule (Environmental Standards Committee
ESC)
Prohibited Chemical Constituents (ESC)
Water Acquisition and Management Rule (Water and Waste
Management Committee)
Well Construction Rules
Study groups will make recommendations to the legislature by October 2013
Full MEC regulations due to be complete in October 2014
10. Compulsory Pooling: What is
Compulsory (Forced) Pooling?
Forced Pooling- Known as compulsory pooling in
North Carolina, forced pooling is used to create a
drilling unit by forcing non-consenting landowners
into a lease.
Currently legal in North Carolina (G.S. § 113-393)
(1945)
This is normally done with small or irregular tracts for
the purpose of having sufficient acreage to comply
with spacing unit regulations.
12. Compulsory Pooling: Unconventional
Natural Gas
12
Does not migrate
toward a well on a
neighbor’s property
and requires
horizontal drilling to
access.
Landowner A Landowner B
13. Compulsory Pooling:
Rationale
Prevents environmental damage by minimizing wells
Maximizes recovery
Makes development of minerals more economical for small
mineral rights owners who share in drilling cost with other
mineral rights owners
Makes development of minerals more economical for oil and
gas companies
14. Compulsory Pooling: What are
the arguments against it?
Removes the right of individual property owners to
control their own mineral resource.
Removes any incentive for the industry to negotiate
with small landowners in some circumstances.
Possible unintended consequences for the
unleased landowner
Possible drop in property value
Mortgage impacts
15. Compulsory Pooling: How do
other states deal with this issue?
Approximately 40 states have laws authorizing compulsory
pooling (including North Carolina)
West Virginia- Pooling is not available in shallow wells,
which includes the Marcellus Shale (West Virginia §22C-9-
7)
Ohio- Recommends a 90% voluntary acreage agreement
to apply for a compulsory pooling order (Ohio DNR)
Texas- An applicant must make a fair and reasonable offer
to non-consenting landowners and the unit is dissolved if no
production within 1 year (Texas Natural Resources Code
Chapter 102)
16. Compulsory Pooling
Study Group (CPSG)
The CPSG is studying North Carolina’s current forced
pooling law and reporting needed regulatory changes
or updates, including legislative proposals, by Oct 1,
2013 to the Joint Legislative Commission on Energy
Policy and the Environmental Review Commission.
17. CPSG: Key Recommendations for
Dealing with Unleased Landowners
Recommendation 1: “No surface operations or
disturbances to the surface of the land shall occur
on a tract pooled by an order without the written
consent of or a written agreement with the owner of
the tract that approves the operations or
disturbances.”
Recommendation 2: Retain compulsory pooling in
the case of leased interests. This would mean one
operator controlling the majority of drilling unit could
compulsorily pool another operator in the same
drilling unit.
No recommendation yet on if or when to compel non-
consenting landowners.
18. Continued…
Recommendation 3: Unleased landowners “shall
have absolute tort immunity from any action arising
from any exploration or production activities… The
unleased landowner shall be entitled to
indemnification from the production company for
any sums ordered paid and expenses…”
Recommendation 4: Operators shall provide 30
day notice of subsurface entry to any compelled
landowner.
19. CPSG: Next Steps
Report Draft: DENR staff and CPSG Resource
Members will draft report during July & August
2013.
Next CPSG Meeting: August 28, 2013
Recommendations to Legislature: Must be made
by October 1, 2013
20. How to Get Involved
MEC Meetings: http://portal.ncdenr.org/web/mining-and-
energy-commission/meeting-schedule
Contact MEC Member:
http://portal.ncdenr.org/web/mining-and-energy-
commission/members-information
DENR Shale Gas Listserv: email “subscribe” to
denr.shale.gas-subscribe@lists.ncmail.net
RAFI: http://rafiusa.org/issues/landowner-rights-and-
fracking/get-involved/
RAFI Email List: http://rafiusa.org/subscribe/
I work with the Rural Advancement Foundation International. We’ve been studying and educating landowners about hydraulic fracturing for about 3 years. Some organizations focus on the environmental impact of hydraulic fracturing or on energy issues. We have focused on helping landowners understand the risks involved in leasing their mineral rights and hydraulic fracturing. We also work to help landowners recognize predatory mineral rights leasing offers. When we saw that landowners were signing predatory leases several years ago, we recognized landowner rights education as a need within our community.I’m going to cover five subject that include 1) a brief overview of hydraulic fracturing, 2) North Carolina’s shale gas basin and leasing history, 3) current law and existing bills on hydraulic fracturing, 4) current state of the MEC and CPSG process, and 5) how to get involved with the MEC process.
Currently, the only leases that have been signed are in Lee Co. This includes about 80 leases covering about 9,000 acres.
This took place before hydraulic fracturing was legal in North Carolina. Oil and gas companies were acting in anticipation of new legislation.
Leasing happened before hydraulic fracturing was legal. In 2012, the legislature passed SB820 or SL 2012-143.
Finally, I’m going to cover compulsory pooling and the work of the compulsory pooling study group. This is the issue that RAFI has focused on most to date.
Forced pooling makes more sense as a landowner protection in the case of “loose gas.” Non-consenting landowners never have a well on or below their property.
Forced pooling makes less sense in the case of “tight gas.” You have to go and get the gas, which requires access to the subsurface.
Unlike North Carolina, these state and other states have additional regulations governing compulsory pooling.
The CPSG is studying what additional provisions are needed in North Carolina’s compulsory pooling law.
This is not a complete list of recommendations but are the ones that pertain most to protecting the rights of unleased landowners.