The document discusses strategies for reviving growth in Africa through transformation. It notes that while GDP growth is expected to strengthen in Africa in the coming years, fiscal space has narrowed for many countries due to rising debt burdens. It emphasizes that working as a unified World Bank Group to improve macroeconomic stability, competitiveness, and resilience can lead to structural transformation and increased private investment in the region. Additionally, boosting agricultural productivity, closing infrastructure gaps, investing in human capital, and improving social inclusion can jumpstart growth and reduce poverty. Localization of development efforts through strengthened local government capacity is also key to achieving growth and the Sustainable Development Goals.
Remittances - Economic Growth and Developmenttutor2u
Remittances are monies sent by people living and working overseas back to their country of origin – usually sent back to their families. To what extent are remittance inflows an important / significant contributor to economic growth and development in lower and middle income developing countries?
Presentation by John Hurley, Visiting Policy Fellow Centre for Global Development and former lead US negotiator for the Addis Ababa Action Agenda at SITE Development Day 2017
Remittances - Economic Growth and Developmenttutor2u
Remittances are monies sent by people living and working overseas back to their country of origin – usually sent back to their families. To what extent are remittance inflows an important / significant contributor to economic growth and development in lower and middle income developing countries?
Presentation by John Hurley, Visiting Policy Fellow Centre for Global Development and former lead US negotiator for the Addis Ababa Action Agenda at SITE Development Day 2017
A Fellow-led discussion by Ojooluwa Ibiloye with the Fellows of the McCain Fellowship for Freedom of the International Republican Institute (IRI).
The McCain Fellowship for Freedom (MFF) brings together a cohort of young leaders from around the world to the U.S. for a two week exchange with policy makers, thought leaders, American entrepreneurs, and others to gain insights and build networks necessary to fostering resilient democracies rooted in economic freedom. The MFF encourages peer-to-peer learning, targeted training, and seeks to cultivate a generation of changemakers who are building more inclusive, transparent, and resilient democracies powered by free markets. The Fellowship honors the spirit and legacy of 25-year International Republican Institute Chairman Senator John McCain, a passionate advocate of democracy around the world and former Chairman of the Senate Commerce Committee, who believed that “free markets are not possible without free people.”
This presentative explains the position of Africa in the global economy.
Hurdles of Emerging Economies - South AfricaShreyas Kamath
Presented for the Economics Association Seminar (Intracollegiate) held on 28th November 2015 at Jai Hind College, Churchgate.
In Collaboration with: Akshat Upadhyay, Zarna Shah, Keegan Rebello
We won first place!
ABSTRACT
The economy of South Africa is the second-largest in Africa, behind Nigeria. It is ranked as an upper-middle-income economy by the World Bank.
South Africa’s growth experience provides an example of how contrasting growth trends - long-term decline followed by improved growth - pivot around political change, in this case a transition to democracy. In the decade prior to 1994, South Africa experienced the worst period of economic growth since the end of the Second World War, with growth variable and declining. The proximate causes of slowing growth were trade and financial sanctions in opposition to the Apartheid government, political instability and macroeconomic policy decisions that resulted in higher inflation, increased uncertainty and declining investment.
In the post-apartheid period, political and economic leadership have been essential to improving the country’s growth performance, because of the effect on policy formulation, institutional development, regulatory design, and economic vision.
This research project provides some insight into the challenges faced by the South African Economy such as high levels of unemployment, income inequality, growing public debt, political mismanagement, low levels of education, reliable access to amenities, and crime.
Agricultural investment is a key driver of farm productivity and can play an important role in poverty reduction – but the kind of investment matters. This presentation by IWMI's Greenwell Matchaya provides a breakdown of the different types of agricultural investment, how effective they are and how they might be fine-tuned.
Jeske van Seters
Deputy Programme Manager Food Security, ECDPM
Ten Years After the Maputo Declaration on Agriculture and
Food Security in Africa: Dialogue on Progress in West Africa
11- 14 September 2013, Monrovia - Liberia
Draft of a short national financing strategy for an EMDE country to access additional sources of finance for its development. The country here is Nigeria and this is my final project for the EDX course, "Unlocking Investment and Finance in Emerging Markets and Developing Economies (EMDEs)
By Hans P. Binswanger-Mkhize, Derek Byerlee, Alex McCalla, Michael Morris and John Staatz. Presented at the ASTI-FARA conference Agricultural R&D: Investing in Africa's Future: Analyzing Trends, Challenges, and Opportunities - Accra, Ghana, December 5-7, 2011. http://www.asti.cgiar.org/2011conf
How IFAD is Responding to the Opportunities and Challenges in West and Central Africa
WCA Regional Implementation Retreat
Dakar, Senegal
8 to 11 November, 2010
Bpifrance Capital Invest 2016 - L'attractivité affirmée de l'Afrique ? - Eme...Bpifrance
Retrouvez la présentation d'Aziz Mebarek (founding Partner, AfrinInvest), lors de l'événement Bpifrance Capital Invest 2016, qui s'est déroulé le 17 novembre 2016 à Paris (Salle Wagram).
Retrouvez l'intégralité de cet événement en vidéo sur :
http://live.bpifrance.fr/Bpifrance-Capital-Invest-2016
A Fellow-led discussion by Ojooluwa Ibiloye with the Fellows of the McCain Fellowship for Freedom of the International Republican Institute (IRI).
The McCain Fellowship for Freedom (MFF) brings together a cohort of young leaders from around the world to the U.S. for a two week exchange with policy makers, thought leaders, American entrepreneurs, and others to gain insights and build networks necessary to fostering resilient democracies rooted in economic freedom. The MFF encourages peer-to-peer learning, targeted training, and seeks to cultivate a generation of changemakers who are building more inclusive, transparent, and resilient democracies powered by free markets. The Fellowship honors the spirit and legacy of 25-year International Republican Institute Chairman Senator John McCain, a passionate advocate of democracy around the world and former Chairman of the Senate Commerce Committee, who believed that “free markets are not possible without free people.”
This presentative explains the position of Africa in the global economy.
Hurdles of Emerging Economies - South AfricaShreyas Kamath
Presented for the Economics Association Seminar (Intracollegiate) held on 28th November 2015 at Jai Hind College, Churchgate.
In Collaboration with: Akshat Upadhyay, Zarna Shah, Keegan Rebello
We won first place!
ABSTRACT
The economy of South Africa is the second-largest in Africa, behind Nigeria. It is ranked as an upper-middle-income economy by the World Bank.
South Africa’s growth experience provides an example of how contrasting growth trends - long-term decline followed by improved growth - pivot around political change, in this case a transition to democracy. In the decade prior to 1994, South Africa experienced the worst period of economic growth since the end of the Second World War, with growth variable and declining. The proximate causes of slowing growth were trade and financial sanctions in opposition to the Apartheid government, political instability and macroeconomic policy decisions that resulted in higher inflation, increased uncertainty and declining investment.
In the post-apartheid period, political and economic leadership have been essential to improving the country’s growth performance, because of the effect on policy formulation, institutional development, regulatory design, and economic vision.
This research project provides some insight into the challenges faced by the South African Economy such as high levels of unemployment, income inequality, growing public debt, political mismanagement, low levels of education, reliable access to amenities, and crime.
Agricultural investment is a key driver of farm productivity and can play an important role in poverty reduction – but the kind of investment matters. This presentation by IWMI's Greenwell Matchaya provides a breakdown of the different types of agricultural investment, how effective they are and how they might be fine-tuned.
Jeske van Seters
Deputy Programme Manager Food Security, ECDPM
Ten Years After the Maputo Declaration on Agriculture and
Food Security in Africa: Dialogue on Progress in West Africa
11- 14 September 2013, Monrovia - Liberia
Draft of a short national financing strategy for an EMDE country to access additional sources of finance for its development. The country here is Nigeria and this is my final project for the EDX course, "Unlocking Investment and Finance in Emerging Markets and Developing Economies (EMDEs)
By Hans P. Binswanger-Mkhize, Derek Byerlee, Alex McCalla, Michael Morris and John Staatz. Presented at the ASTI-FARA conference Agricultural R&D: Investing in Africa's Future: Analyzing Trends, Challenges, and Opportunities - Accra, Ghana, December 5-7, 2011. http://www.asti.cgiar.org/2011conf
How IFAD is Responding to the Opportunities and Challenges in West and Central Africa
WCA Regional Implementation Retreat
Dakar, Senegal
8 to 11 November, 2010
Bpifrance Capital Invest 2016 - L'attractivité affirmée de l'Afrique ? - Eme...Bpifrance
Retrouvez la présentation d'Aziz Mebarek (founding Partner, AfrinInvest), lors de l'événement Bpifrance Capital Invest 2016, qui s'est déroulé le 17 novembre 2016 à Paris (Salle Wagram).
Retrouvez l'intégralité de cet événement en vidéo sur :
http://live.bpifrance.fr/Bpifrance-Capital-Invest-2016
The Brussels Development Briefing n.47 on the subject of “Regional Trade in Africa: Drivers, Trends and Opportunities” took place on 3rd February 2017 in Brussels at the ACP Secretariat (Avenue Georges Henri 451, 1200 Brussels) from 09:00 to 13:00. This Briefing was organised by the ACP-EU Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation (CTA), in collaboration with IFPRI, the European Commission / DEVCO, the ACP Secretariat, and CONCORD .
« SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA: CURRENT ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT, THE MAJOR DRIVERS OF ECONOMIC GROWTH AND THE ROLE GOVERNMENTS ARE PLAYING IN PROMOTING SOCIOECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ON THE CONTINENT »
Presented by:
H.E. Abdourahmane CISSE,
Minister to the Prime Minister in charge of the Budget
COTE D'IVOIRE
Financing for Development :Unlocking Investment Opportunities: Financial Solu...Linah Tembo
Smallholder in Zimbabwe have less access to technical knowledge, markets, credit, and inputs such as improved seeds, fertilisers and equipment. Agriculture is a key sector in the economy.Private sector investment is essential to revive its agricultural sector and economy through
o Addressing issues in the enabling environment and specific government policies that limit the flow of financial services to small holders
o Using Blended finance co-investments and performance-based incentive structures to mitigate risks
o Providing funding to increase investments in agriculture to raise productivity, improve quality of agricultural products, and lead to better post-harvest practices
o Increasing financial inclusion
Africa has enjoyed a decade of high growth, especially south of the Sahara, but this is now placing an increasing strain on the infrastructure stock. While investors, companies and donors have poured financing into roads, railways, information and communications technology (ICT), water and power, there remains a significant financing gap.
As much as US$93bn is required annually to meet the continent’s infrastructure needs through to 2020, with half of that amount currently being met. That leaves a large gap for investors to fill, including sovereign wealth funds, multilateral lenders, individual companies and private consortia. Are the companies and investors based in the cash-rich Gulf region, with its cultural and historical ties to Africa, positioned to participate?
Finn Tarp: A High Five to the AfDB: WIDER commentsUNU-WIDER
Finn Tarp's comments at the seminar discussion 'Unlocking Africa's development potential - how to translate economic growth into development goals’ in Helsinki on 9 June 2016.
The rise of the middle class is also likely to boost returns in Africa over the next several decades. IFC expects Africa’s combined middle and high-income groups to reach 160 million people by 2030. That’s an increase of about 100 million, more than the entire population of Germany.
https://www.ashtonglobal.com/africa-frontiers-fund/
how to sell pi coins effectively (from 50 - 100k pi)DOT TECH
Anywhere in the world, including Africa, America, and Europe, you can sell Pi Network Coins online and receive cash through online payment options.
Pi has not yet been launched on any exchange because we are currently using the confined Mainnet. The planned launch date for Pi is June 28, 2026.
Reselling to investors who want to hold until the mainnet launch in 2026 is currently the sole way to sell.
Consequently, right now. All you need to do is select the right pi network provider.
Who is a pi merchant?
An individual who buys coins from miners on the pi network and resells them to investors hoping to hang onto them until the mainnet is launched is known as a pi merchant.
debuts.
I'll provide you the Telegram username
@Pi_vendor_247
Falcon stands out as a top-tier P2P Invoice Discounting platform in India, bridging esteemed blue-chip companies and eager investors. Our goal is to transform the investment landscape in India by establishing a comprehensive destination for borrowers and investors with diverse profiles and needs, all while minimizing risk. What sets Falcon apart is the elimination of intermediaries such as commercial banks and depository institutions, allowing investors to enjoy higher yields.
If you are looking for a pi coin investor. Then look no further because I have the right one he is a pi vendor (he buy and resell to whales in China). I met him on a crypto conference and ever since I and my friends have sold more than 10k pi coins to him And he bought all and still want more. I will drop his telegram handle below just send him a message.
@Pi_vendor_247
what is the best method to sell pi coins in 2024DOT TECH
The best way to sell your pi coins safely is trading with an exchange..but since pi is not launched in any exchange, and second option is through a VERIFIED pi merchant.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and pioneers and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold massive amounts before mainnet launch in 2026.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade pi coins with.
@Pi_vendor_247
Introduction to Indian Financial System ()Avanish Goel
The financial system of a country is an important tool for economic development of the country, as it helps in creation of wealth by linking savings with investments.
It facilitates the flow of funds form the households (savers) to business firms (investors) to aid in wealth creation and development of both the parties
how to sell pi coins at high rate quickly.DOT TECH
Where can I sell my pi coins at a high rate.
Pi is not launched yet on any exchange. But one can easily sell his or her pi coins to investors who want to hold pi till mainnet launch.
This means crypto whales want to hold pi. And you can get a good rate for selling pi to them. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor below.
A vendor is someone who buys from a miner and resell it to a holder or crypto whale.
Here is the telegram contact of my vendor:
@Pi_vendor_247
Latino Buying Power - May 2024 Presentation for Latino CaucusDanay Escanaverino
Unlock the potential of Latino Buying Power with this in-depth SlideShare presentation. Explore how the Latino consumer market is transforming the American economy, driven by their significant buying power, entrepreneurial contributions, and growing influence across various sectors.
**Key Sections Covered:**
1. **Economic Impact:** Understand the profound economic impact of Latino consumers on the U.S. economy. Discover how their increasing purchasing power is fueling growth in key industries and contributing to national economic prosperity.
2. **Buying Power:** Dive into detailed analyses of Latino buying power, including its growth trends, key drivers, and projections for the future. Learn how this influential group’s spending habits are shaping market dynamics and creating opportunities for businesses.
3. **Entrepreneurial Contributions:** Explore the entrepreneurial spirit within the Latino community. Examine how Latino-owned businesses are thriving and contributing to job creation, innovation, and economic diversification.
4. **Workforce Statistics:** Gain insights into the role of Latino workers in the American labor market. Review statistics on employment rates, occupational distribution, and the economic contributions of Latino professionals across various industries.
5. **Media Consumption:** Understand the media consumption habits of Latino audiences. Discover their preferences for digital platforms, television, radio, and social media. Learn how these consumption patterns are influencing advertising strategies and media content.
6. **Education:** Examine the educational achievements and challenges within the Latino community. Review statistics on enrollment, graduation rates, and fields of study. Understand the implications of education on economic mobility and workforce readiness.
7. **Home Ownership:** Explore trends in Latino home ownership. Understand the factors driving home buying decisions, the challenges faced by Latino homeowners, and the impact of home ownership on community stability and economic growth.
This SlideShare provides valuable insights for marketers, business owners, policymakers, and anyone interested in the economic influence of the Latino community. By understanding the various facets of Latino buying power, you can effectively engage with this dynamic and growing market segment.
Equip yourself with the knowledge to leverage Latino buying power, tap into their entrepreneurial spirit, and connect with their unique cultural and consumer preferences. Drive your business success by embracing the economic potential of Latino consumers.
**Keywords:** Latino buying power, economic impact, entrepreneurial contributions, workforce statistics, media consumption, education, home ownership, Latino market, Hispanic buying power, Latino purchasing power.
Currently pi network is not tradable on binance or any other exchange because we are still in the enclosed mainnet.
Right now the only way to sell pi coins is by trading with a verified merchant.
What is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone verified by pi network team and allowed to barter pi coins for goods and services.
Since pi network is not doing any pre-sale The only way exchanges like binance/huobi or crypto whales can get pi is by buying from miners. And a merchant stands in between the exchanges and the miners.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant. I and my friends has traded more than 6000pi coins successfully
Tele-gram
@Pi_vendor_247
NO1 Uk Black Magic Specialist Expert In Sahiwal, Okara, Hafizabad, Mandi Bah...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
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when will pi network coin be available on crypto exchange.DOT TECH
There is no set date for when Pi coins will enter the market.
However, the developers are working hard to get them released as soon as possible.
Once they are available, users will be able to exchange other cryptocurrencies for Pi coins on designated exchanges.
But for now the only way to sell your pi coins is through verified pi vendor.
Here is the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor
@Pi_vendor_247
NO1 Uk Divorce problem uk all amil baba in karachi,lahore,pakistan talaq ka m...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
#vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore#blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #blackmagicforlove #blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #Amilbabainuk #amilbabainspain #amilbabaindubai #Amilbabainnorway #amilbabainkrachi #amilbabainlahore #amilbabaingujranwalan #amilbabainislamabad
what is the future of Pi Network currency.DOT TECH
The future of the Pi cryptocurrency is uncertain, and its success will depend on several factors. Pi is a relatively new cryptocurrency that aims to be user-friendly and accessible to a wide audience. Here are a few key considerations for its future:
Message: @Pi_vendor_247 on telegram if u want to sell PI COINS.
1. Mainnet Launch: As of my last knowledge update in January 2022, Pi was still in the testnet phase. Its success will depend on a successful transition to a mainnet, where actual transactions can take place.
2. User Adoption: Pi's success will be closely tied to user adoption. The more users who join the network and actively participate, the stronger the ecosystem can become.
3. Utility and Use Cases: For a cryptocurrency to thrive, it must offer utility and practical use cases. The Pi team has talked about various applications, including peer-to-peer transactions, smart contracts, and more. The development and implementation of these features will be essential.
4. Regulatory Environment: The regulatory environment for cryptocurrencies is evolving globally. How Pi navigates and complies with regulations in various jurisdictions will significantly impact its future.
5. Technology Development: The Pi network must continue to develop and improve its technology, security, and scalability to compete with established cryptocurrencies.
6. Community Engagement: The Pi community plays a critical role in its future. Engaged users can help build trust and grow the network.
7. Monetization and Sustainability: The Pi team's monetization strategy, such as fees, partnerships, or other revenue sources, will affect its long-term sustainability.
It's essential to approach Pi or any new cryptocurrency with caution and conduct due diligence. Cryptocurrency investments involve risks, and potential rewards can be uncertain. The success and future of Pi will depend on the collective efforts of its team, community, and the broader cryptocurrency market dynamics. It's advisable to stay updated on Pi's development and follow any updates from the official Pi Network website or announcements from the team.
2. 1
Source: The World Bank (2016) Africa’s Pulse
Real GDP Growth
• GDP in the region is expected to strengthen to 2.4 percent in 2017/18 from 1.3 percent in
2016. The rebound is being led by the region’s largest economies.
• External conditions are more favorable, with a stronger trend in global growth, robust growth
in global good trade, rising energy and metal process, and supportive global financing
conditions.
• Signs of economic resilience: 41% of Africans live in countries with average GDP growth rates
of over 5.5%. The countries have better quality of policies and institutions and more
diversified export structures
• However, fiscal space has narrowed significantly for most countries in the region in recent
years, amid rising debt burdens.
Debt to GDP in Sub-Saharan Africa
Following a sharp slowdown,
a recovery is underway in Sub-Saharan Africa
Trends and forecast of commodity
prices
3. 2
Source: MENA Economic Monitor, Oct 2017
• The pickup in economic activity that started in mid-2016 is expected to moderate in 2017 due to
slower growth in MENA’s oil exporters. Oil production cuts will weigh down growth in almost all
countries in the subgroup.
• Growth prospects for the MENA region is projected to improve in 2018 and 2019 with growth
exceeding 3 percent.
• Both MENA’s oil exporters and oil importers will benefit from a steady improvement in the global
growth; increased trade with Europe and Asia; more stabilized commodity markets, especially oil; and
reforms undertaken in some of the countries in the region.
• Nevertheless, MENA’s overall growth levels are half of what they were before the 2011 Arab Spring.
• Fiscal and current account balances are expected to improve over the projection period ending in
2019, resulting from both fiscal consolidation efforts and some stability in the commodity markets,
including oil.
There is also a pickup in economic activity in MENA
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
MENA Developing MENA
Real GDP Growth Fiscal and current account
4. • Fragility in Africa takes many forms, from IDPs and refugees, climate change related natural
disasters, economic crises, pandemics, political instability and conflict.
• Forced displacement is straining the social fabric in Africa. Africa hosts more than a third of the
world’s displaced population, accounting for more than a quarter of the global total of refugees and
the largest number of IDPs.
• Conflict continues to generate displacement. For example, the war in South Sudan as of December
2016 has displaced 261,000 refugees and 1.87m IDPs
• Emerging threats in the form of trafficking, piracy, and religious extremism are growing out of
situations of persistent fragility in large parts of the continent. Conflicts emerge increasingly from
internal divisions
• Africa is both a hotspot for emerging infectious diseases and a region where the burden of diseases is
particularly high.
All data and maps from UNHCR and IDMC
3
Fragility in Africa increases vulnerability to shocks
5. Agricultural Output
• Low yields: Growth in cereal yields in Africa has consistently been lower than in other
regions.
• Land-focused production: Agricultural production increases in Africa came largely from
expanding the area under cultivation rather than input intensification or total factor
productivity growth.
• Underfunded investments: African countries grossly underfund high-return investments,
such as research spending, as well as mechanization, irrigation, and extension services.
Rebalancing the composition of public agricultural spending could reap massive payoffs.
• Climate change: strong El Nino, droughts, floods, storm surges, and heat waves threaten
agriculture and increase food insecurity
4
Sectoral contribution to
growth (percentage points
1995-2013)
Vulnerability to Climate Change, by country
Agricultural productivity remains low
6. Source: Adapted from Trimble et al. (2016)
• Energy access: Africa continues to lag behind other regions in energy access, placing an
unsustainable drag on growth.
• Inefficient utilities: Nearly all electricity utilities are running at loss. These quasi-fiscal
deficits result from operational inefficiencies: transmission and distribution losses, bill
collection losses, and inefficient subsidies.
• Infrastructure gap: Africa’s annual infrastructure needs are estimated at US$ 93 billion
(15% of GDP) but there is only $45 billion of annual investment.
Kilowatt hours per person per year Comparison of Costs and revenue Collected per
kWh billed (in 2014 U.S. Dollars)
Infrastructure deficit is holding back growth
8. 7
Sustainable and Inclusive Growth
Human Capital
Serving All Clients
Global Agenda
Mobilizing Resources
Sustainable and Inclusive Growth
Serving All Clients
Global Agenda
Mobilizing Resources Resilience
Serving all Clients
Global Agenda
Mobilizing Resources
Selected entry points for WBG
engagement aligned with WBG
goals, Forward Look and SDGs.
Structural
Transformation
Competitiveness
Resilience to
Shocks
Macro
Stability
Support Structural Transformation for Growth
and Poverty Reduction
9. 0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
IDA17 IDA18
AFR indicative core
country allocations
FCS Non-FCS
* Excludes non-core financing:
CRW, Regional Programs, Scale up
Facility (SUF)
• FCV minimum footprint and “facetime” measures to
support larger country programs
• Increase in FCV allocations opens opportunities for new
types of engagement, including infrastructure
• New types of implementation support such as third party
monitoring to address security risks
• De-risking and capacity building to attract private sector
investment
Changes from IDA17
• Core financing increased by 40%
overall
• 100% in FCS countries
• Over 200% increase in small island
states allocations
• Regional window allocation is
expected to increase by 80%
• Private Sector and Refugee
windows provide further resources
• Greater use of DPLs in countries
with adequate macro frameworks
to support structural reform
• Strengthening knowledge base
• Building capacity through partnerships with local
institutions
• Greater support for safeguards
• Ensuring project preparation and supervision is properly
resourced
• Focusing at the local level
8
SPECIAL EFFORTS FOR FRAGILE, CONFLICT &
VIOLENCE
ADDRESSING IMPLEMENTATION CHALLENGES
IDA18- SCALING UP IDA
US$billion
ADDRESSING THE NEEDS OF IDA GRADUATES
AND MIDDLE INCOME COUNTRIES
• Responding to macroeconomic crisis with support for
structural reform to complement IMF programs (e.g. DPOs
under preparation in IBRD CEMAC countries)
• De-risking projects to promote private sector investment
and close the infrastructure gap (e.g. Ghana Sankofa Gas,
Nigeria Power Sector Guarantee)
• Helping small IBRD states manage natural disaster
resilience (e.g. Seychelles CAT-DDO)
Serving all clients in Africa
10. 9
Leverage
• Build momentum for private sector minded reforms
• Improve SOEs governance and financial sustainability
• Accompany IFC’s and MIGA’s interventions with sectorial
policies and underlying legislations/infrastructures
• Strengthen effectiveness of regulatory agencies
• Address key legal, governance and public sector impediments
• Bolster access to services and domestic capacities
• Nurture best WBG collaboration practices
• Deepen the IFC-MIGA relationship
• Energy access and renewable energy (Risk Mitigation
facility)
• Value-adding agribusiness (Blended Finance and Local
Currency facilities)
• Sanitation (Risk Mitigation facility)
• Telecommunication Media Technology (Blended Finance
and Risk Mitigation facility)
• Financial Institutions and capital markets (Blended Finance
and Local Currency facilities)
Scale up private sector solutions and catalyze
private capital
Implement the Private Sector Window in critical
sectors…
Work as one World Bank Group to “cascade”
A sequenced approach to creating markets
…and support countries strengthen Domestic
Resource Mobilization
• This includes support with tax reforms to help improve the
private sector enabling environment.
• Also support international efforts to fight tax evasion,
money laundering and the illicit financial flows that have
depleted Africa’s resource base.
11. Energy
10
Regional InitiativesSME DevelopmentAgribusinessEnergy
• Sahel Agriculture: A Joint
WBG-IFC Irrigation project
aimed at boosting private
sector investment in modern
irrigation.
• Great Lakes: WBG integrated
approach to stability and
development through
infrastructure and
agriculture transformation,
investment climate
improvement and
entrepreneurship stimulation
Regional InitiativesSME DevelopmentAgribusiness
• Benin: successful OHADA
Entreprenant status
implementation and
Micro and Small
Enterprises tax reform.
• Côte d’Ivoire: joint work
to address investment
climate issues plaguing
the development of the
SMEs.
• Africa Region: Helped
set up Credit Bureau and
Collateral Registries in
west Africa
• Mali: IDA-IFC-MIGA JIP
support the development
of targeted value chains
and infrastructures in
production basins to
increase smallholders’
productivity and ease
access to market
• Mozambique: Joint work
to integrate smallholders
into commercial
agriculture and forestry
value chains.
• Morocco: the World
Bank helped improve
13,500 km of rural roads,
resulting in increased
rural accessibility to
lagging regions and
boosting smallholders
access to markets.
• Zambia: Scaling solar first
solar PV projects are being
prepared WBG drafted a set
of template documents to
offer a fair and balanced risk
allocation between the
Government and the private
parties.
• Nigeria: JIP (WB+IFC+MIGA)
to develop the gas sector and
the solar IPP market,
focusing on policy reforms
while working with the
private sector on generation,
transmission and distribution
• Egypt: $1 billion puts public
finances on a more
sustainable footing, supports
energy security, efficiency,
and investment, and
promotes better competition
policies.
Leveraging Private Sector Finance
WBG - IDA/IFC/MIGA - collaborates in key areas
12. 11
The SDGs need to be implemented at the local level
Local governments, communities, and stakeholders are the people who best understand the local
context; however, local governments often lack the capacity to deliver results in communities,
districts, and regions.
Areas of Support:
Finance: Strengthening the capacity of local
governments to implement development programs,
both at the revenue and at the expenditure levels
Data: Using information technology to gather
information and better understand the particularities
of development at the local level
Implementation: Strong engagement with local
communities and stakeholders (government,
businesses, aid agencies, and multilateral banks, and
citizens) is required to remove bottlenecks that
impede implementation
Examples to note: multi-sector approach to transformation of Medellin, Colombia; strengthening
urbanization in Indonesia by enhancing capacity of local government spending; building urban
institutions to deliver improved infrastructure and services in Kenya
13. Revenue Sources For Local Governments
TAX
Property,
Motor,
Sales,
etc.
TOLLS
Roads,
Bridges, etc.
CHARGES
Bus Stations,
Taxi Parks, etc.
FEES
Licensing,
Facilities,
Fines, etc.
RENT
Land,
Buildings,
Vehicles,
etc.
SURPLUSES
from local
commercial
enterprises
INTEREST
on bank
deposits or
other funds
Source: Municipal Finances Handbook: Managing Local Expenditures, Devas, Munawwar, and Simon8/29/2019 12
14. Source: Municipal Finances Handbook: Managing Local Expenditures, Morrell and Kopanyi
Expenses on Delegated Functions
1.Preschool Education
2.Primary and Secondary School
3.Health Care
4.Social Assistance and Poverty
Alleviation
5.Public Order and Civil
Protection
6.Other
Own Expenditures
1.Infrastructure and Public Services
2.Environment Protection, including
waste
3.Social, Cultural, Recreational
Expenditures
4.Local Economic Development
5.Social Housing
6.Urban Development
7.Civil Security
8.Transfers to Sub-local Government
Entities
9.Subsidies, Grants, Equity, In-Kind
10. Loan Repayment
11. Interest Charges
12. Guarantees Called
Sample Expenditure Plan
8/29/201913
16. 15
Low Growth
Opportunities to
Revive Growth
Transformation
• Low growth rates and high population growth pose a threat
to poverty reduction. There is a need to seek out
opportunities for growth to combat the weak growth outlook.
• Larger IDA18 allocations, larger presence in FCV, and new
instruments to create markets and de-risk investments will be
game changers in Africa. Robust analytical work to support
lending.
1
2
3
4
• Working as a WBG to improve macro stability, increase
competitiveness, and strengthen resilience can lead to
structural transformation and attract private sector investment
in the region.
Strong Demand
• Boosting agricultural productivity, bridging the
infrastructure gap, investing in human capital and improving
social inclusion can jumpstart growth and poverty
reduction.
Key Messages
Localization5
• Local governments, communities, and stakeholders are the
people who best understand the local context; however, local
governments often lack the capacity to deliver results in
communities, districts, and regions.