Humidity.ppt
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This document discusses relative humidity and how it is measured. It defines relative humidity as a percentage of the amount of moisture in the air compared to the maximum the air can hold at a given temperature. Two common instruments for measuring relative humidity are described: the wet-bulb and dry-bulb psychrometer, which measures the temperature difference between a wet and dry bulb to determine relative humidity, and the hair hygrometer, which measures how much a hair stretches with moisture in the air.
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Relative humidity refers to the amount of moisture in the air compared to the maximum amount the air can hold. It is measured as a percentage using instruments like a psychrometer, which measures the temperature difference between a wet-bulb and dry-bulb thermometer, or a hair hygrometer, which uses the stretching of human or animal hair to gauge humidity over time. Absolute humidity refers to the actual amount of water vapor in the air regardless of temperature, while specific humidity is the weight of water vapor contained in a unit weight of air. High relative humidity occurs when air already contains most of the moisture it can hold, making it feel hotter, while low relative humidity means air can still hold more moisture and feels cooler.
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The document discusses various methods of measuring humidity. It defines humidity as the amount of water vapor present in the air and describes how both absolute and relative humidity are measured. Absolute humidity is the total mass of water vapor in a given air volume, while relative humidity is the ratio of actual water vapor pressure to the saturation vapor pressure at a given temperature. Common humidity measurement instruments described include hair hygrometers, wet-bulb hygrometers, sling psychrometers, and modern electronic sensors. The document provides details on the operation, advantages, and limitations of each type of instrument.
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Relative humidity refers to the amount of moisture in the air compared to the maximum amount the air can hold. It is measured as a percentage using instruments like a psychrometer, which measures the temperature difference between a wet-bulb and dry-bulb thermometer, or a hair hygrometer, which uses the stretching of human or animal hair to gauge humidity over time. Absolute humidity refers to the actual amount of water vapor in the air regardless of temperature, while specific humidity is the weight of water vapor contained in a unit weight of air. High relative humidity occurs when air already contains most of the moisture it can hold, making it feel hotter, while low relative humidity means air can still hold more moisture and feels cooler.
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The document discusses various methods of measuring humidity. It defines humidity as the amount of water vapor present in the air and describes how both absolute and relative humidity are measured. Absolute humidity is the total mass of water vapor in a given air volume, while relative humidity is the ratio of actual water vapor pressure to the saturation vapor pressure at a given temperature. Common humidity measurement instruments described include hair hygrometers, wet-bulb hygrometers, sling psychrometers, and modern electronic sensors. The document provides details on the operation, advantages, and limitations of each type of instrument.
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A dew-point hygrometer was invented in 1751. For this instrument, cold water was added to water in a vessel until dew formed on the vessel, and the temperature of the vessel, the dew point, provided a direct index of humidity.
In this experiment acetone is used even though the sample is not necessary to be acetone nor the amount of volume matters that becomes vapor so that the temperature (dew point) is measured until the metal mirror starts to condense.
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Relative Humidity Relative humidity (RH) is the ratio between saturated humidity over absolute humidity at a given temperature. Relative humidity depends on temperature and the pressure of the system of interest. It requires less water vapor to attain high relative humidity at low temperatures; more water vapor is required to attain high relative humidity in warm or hot air. Relative humidity is normally expressed as a percentage ; a higher percentage means that the air water mixture is more humid ; a lower percentage means that the air-water mixture is less humid.
Relative Humidity (%RH) =𝑭𝑺𝐅𝐀∗%𝟏𝟎𝟎
Absolute humidity is the total mass of water vapor present in a given volume of air. It does not take temperature into consideration. Absolute humidity in the atmosphere ranges from near zero to roughly 30 grams per cubic meter when the air is saturated at 30 °C (86 °F).
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Absolute humidity is the mass of the water vapor divided by the volume of the air and water vapor The absolute humidity changes as air temperature or pressure changes.
The saturation humidity (Hs or FA) is the maximum quantity of water vapor that air can contain at a given temperature, without phase separation. The relative humidity (φ or RH) is the ratio (as percentage) of the partial pressure of water vapor in air, to the vapor pressure of liquid water at the same temperature.
phase change occurs at dew point temperature when the temperature of a gas is the temperature at which the water vapor or low-boiling hydrocarbon derivatives contained in the gas is transformed into the liquid state.
The boiling point of a liquid varies according to the applied pressure; the normal boiling point is the temperature at which the vapor pressure is equal to the standard sea-level atmospheric pressure (760 mm [29.92 inches] of mercury). At sea level, water boils at 100° C (212° F).
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Physical bases of the Measurement Procedure:
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A psychrometer is a device used to measure humidity by using two thermometers, one dry and one wet. The wet bulb thermometer cools faster than the dry bulb due to evaporation, and the temperature difference can be used to determine the humidity. A sling psychrometer has the thermometers mounted together and is swung around to speed up evaporation on the wet bulb. Psychrometers are commonly used to calibrate humidistats and design ventilation systems, and can measure humidity, temperature, and dew point. They provide a low-cost manual option for humidity measurement compared to digital devices.
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Psychrometry is the study of air and water vapor mixtures, specifically their physical and thermal properties. It describes seven key characteristics: dry bulb temperature, humidity ratio, relative humidity, enthalpy, dew point temperature, wet bulb temperature, and specific volume. Evaporative cooling works by maximizing contact between added moisture and air, causing the air temperature to decrease as water evaporates. This principle applies even in humid conditions since hotter air can hold more water vapor. Knowing two of the seven psychrometric variables allows determining the others using a psychrometric chart.
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Absolute humidity is the mass of the water vapor divided by the volume of the air and water vapor The absolute humidity changes as air temperature or pressure changes.
The saturation humidity (Hs or FA) is the maximum quantity of water vapor that air can contain at a given temperature, without phase separation. The relative humidity (φ or RH) is the ratio (as percentage) of the partial pressure of water vapor in air, to the vapor pressure of liquid water at the same temperature.
phase change occurs at dew point temperature when the temperature of a gas is the temperature at which the water vapor or low-boiling hydrocarbon derivatives contained in the gas is transformed into the liquid state.
The boiling point of a liquid varies according to the applied pressure; the normal boiling point is the temperature at which the vapor pressure is equal to the standard sea-level atmospheric pressure (760 mm [29.92 inches] of mercury). At sea level, water boils at 100° C (212° F).
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A psychrometer is a device used to measure humidity by using two thermometers, one dry and one wet. The wet bulb thermometer cools faster than the dry bulb due to evaporation, and the temperature difference can be used to determine the humidity. A sling psychrometer has the thermometers mounted together and is swung around to speed up evaporation on the wet bulb. Psychrometers are commonly used to calibrate humidistats and design ventilation systems, and can measure humidity, temperature, and dew point. They provide a low-cost manual option for humidity measurement compared to digital devices.
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A psychrometer is a device used to measure humidity by measuring the temperature difference between a dry bulb thermometer and a wet bulb thermometer. The wet bulb thermometer is wrapped in a wet wick, so evaporation causes it to read a lower temperature than the dry bulb. This temperature difference can be used along with psychrometric charts to determine values like relative humidity, specific volume, and enthalpy of air. A sling psychrometer has the thermometers mounted together so the wet bulb can be whirled to speed evaporation. Manual psychrometers are still used but require more work from the user compared to digital psychrometers. Psychrometers are used for applications like building ventilation systems, musical instruments, and
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This document discusses various concepts related to humidity and its measurement in textile testing. It defines key terms like absolute humidity, relative humidity, moisture content and moisture regain. It also outlines standard atmospheric conditions used for textile testing and standard regain values for different materials. Finally, it describes common instruments used to measure humidity, such as the wet and dry bulb hygrometer and sling hygrometer.
Psychrometer
A sling psychrometer is used to measure relative humidity and consists of a dry bulb thermometer and a wet bulb thermometer attached to a reservoir. As the wet bulb thermometer is swung through the air, the water on it evaporates, using energy and lowering the temperature. By comparing the dry and wet bulb temperatures using conversion tables, the relative humidity can be determined. Modern psychrometers have a sliding scale that directly calculates relative humidity by aligning the dry and wet bulb temperature readings.
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- The moisture content, equilibrium moisture content, and heat transfer during drying are also examined.
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Psychrometry is the study of air and water vapor mixtures, specifically their physical and thermal properties. It describes seven key characteristics: dry bulb temperature, humidity ratio, relative humidity, enthalpy, dew point temperature, wet bulb temperature, and specific volume. Evaporative cooling works by maximizing contact between added moisture and air, causing the air temperature to decrease as water evaporates. This principle applies even in humid conditions since hotter air can hold more water vapor. Knowing two of the seven psychrometric variables allows determining the others using a psychrometric chart.
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Humidity.ppt
- 1. After completing this Lesson, you will be able to answer: 1. What is humidity? 2. What is relative humidity? 3. How relative humidity is measured? 4. What is a Hygrometer? 5. How Wet- and Dry Bulb Psychrometer and Hair Hygrometer measure relative humidity? Relative Humidity Virtual Academy for the Semi Arid Tropics Course on Crop-Weather Relationships
- 2. Virtual Academy for the Semi Arid Tropics Course on Crop-Weather Relationships Modules Lessons Module 3: Weather Elements • Humidity refers to the amount of moisture (water vapor) in the surrounding air. • Relative Humidity is a measure of the amount of moisture in the air compared with the amount of moisture the air can hold. • Relative humidity is expressed as a percentage of how much moisture the air could possibly hold at the temperature it happens when you measure it. • The "wetter or damper" you feel,, the higher is the relative humidity. If you feel the air is dry around you, the relative humidity is low. Relative Humidity
- 3. Virtual Academy for the Semi Arid Tropics Course on Crop-Weather Relationships Modules Lessons Module 3: Weather Elements • We are very sensitive to humidity. Sweating keeps our body cool and maintain its current temperature. • If the air is at 90% relative humidity, sweat will not evaporate into the air. As a result, we feel much hotter than the actual temperature when the relative humidity is high. • If the relative humidity is low, we can feel much cooler than the actual temperature because our sweat evaporates easily, cooling the body. Relative Humidity
- 4. Virtual Academy for the Semi Arid Tropics Course on Crop-Weather Relationships Modules Lessons Module 3: Weather Elements How relative humidity (RH) is measured? • Humidity is measured by means of a hygrometer. • There are different types of hygrometers. • The most common hygrometers are Wet- and Dry- Bulb Psychrometer and Hair Hygrometer. Lesson 2: Relative Humidity
- 5. Virtual Academy for the Semi Arid Tropics Course on Crop-Weather Relationships Modules Lessons Module 3: Weather Elements How relative humidity (RH) is measured? Wet- and Dry Bulb Psychrometer • It consists of two identical mercury thermometers, one of which has a wet cotton or linen wick around its bulb. • Evaporating water from the wick absorbs heat from the thermometer bulb, causing the thermometer reading to drop. • The difference between dry-bulb and wet-bulb temperatures is compared on psychrometric charts. Lesson 2: Relative Humidity
- 6. Virtual Academy for the Semi Arid Tropics Course on Crop-Weather Relationships Modules Lessons Module 3: Weather Elements How relative humidity (RH) is measured? Wet- and Dry Bulb Psychrometer Wet - and Dry Bulb Psychrometer Lesson 2: Relative Humidity
- 7. Virtual Academy for the Semi Arid Tropics Course on Crop-Weather Relationships Modules Lessons Module 3: Weather Elements How relative humidity (RH) is measured? Wet- and Dry Bulb Psychrometer Psychrometric Chart. If the difference between wet and dry bulb is 6º F and the temperature is 72º F (dry bulb), then the RH is 54%. Lesson 2: Relative Humidity
- 8. Virtual Academy for the Semi Arid Tropics Course on Crop-Weather Relationships Modules Lessons Module 3: Weather Elements How relative humidity (RH) is measured? Hair Hygrometer •Humidity stretches the hair (human / animal / synthetic) while dryness shortens it. •The hygrometer has the job of stretching a hair between a fixed and a movable point to measure humidity over time. Hair Hygrometer Lesson 2: Relative Humidity
- 9. Virtual Academy for the Semi Arid Tropics Course on Crop-Weather Relationships Modules Lessons Module 3: Weather Elements How relative humidity (RH) is measured? • Other kinds of hygrometers use materials with electrical resistance that varies with the amount of moisture absorbed. • With such hygrometers, a measurement of electrical resistance can be calibrated as a humidity measurement. Lesson 2: Relative Humidity