HumanPhysiology_Oogenesis_Spermatogenesis_Fertilization_2.ppt
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This document provides an outline and overview of a lecture series on the human reproductive system. It discusses the stages of gametogenesis including oogenesis and spermatogenesis. For oogenesis, it mentions the stages of meiosis, hormones and cycles, and ovulation. For spermatogenesis, it outlines the stages of meiosis and differentiation into sperm. It also briefly discusses fertilization, noting where and how it takes place. Additional terms defined include gamete, follicle, polar body, zygote, and the cell stages in oogenesis and spermatogenesis. Histology slides of the testis are also referenced.
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HumanPhysiology_Oogenesis_Spermatogenesis_Fertilization.ppt
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Unit 5 animal reproduction and development
This document provides an overview of animal reproduction and development. It discusses both asexual and sexual reproduction mechanisms in animals. For sexual reproduction, it describes the processes of gamete production, fertilization, and embryonic development. Fertilization can be external or internal. Embryonic development involves cleavage, gastrulation, and organogenesis. Amniotes develop in extraembryonic membranes within the mother. Young can be precocial or altricial at birth depending on their stage of development.
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This document provides an outline of key topics in human reproduction and development, including:
1) The stages of reproduction and development that occur in animals, from fertilization to the formation of specialized tissues and organs.
2) An overview of the male and female reproductive systems and how eggs and sperm are formed.
3) The process of pregnancy, from fertilization through fetal development and birth.
4) Issues related to fertility, contraception, and prenatal development.
Human reproduction
Human reproduction involves the union of male and female reproductive cells. In humans, sexual reproduction occurs through the fertilization of an ovum by a spermatozoon within the female's reproductive tract. At puberty, females develop breasts and pubic hair and begin menstruating due to increased estrogen production, while males experience voice changes and increased hair and muscle growth due to rising androgen levels. Pregnancy is established when a fertilized ovum implants in the uterus and develops into an embryo and later a fetus, receiving nourishment from the mother via the placenta. Childbirth involves dilation of the cervix and birth of the infant followed by the placenta.
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Ap chap 46 animal reproduction
1. Animal reproduction can occur through asexual or sexual reproduction. Asexual reproduction produces offspring without fusion of gametes but maintains parental traits, while sexual reproduction allows for genetic variability through gamete fusion.
2. Sexual reproduction in animals involves complex reproductive systems with gonads that produce gametes and accessory structures for gamete transport and nourishment. Fertilization can be internal or external.
3. After fertilization, the embryo undergoes cleavage and then gastrulation to form the germ layers and begin organ development. Hormones coordinate the reproductive cycles.
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There are two main types of reproduction: sexual reproduction which requires the union of male and female gametes to produce offspring with a mix of genetic material from each parent, and asexual reproduction which does not require fertilization and allows for cloning but less genetic variability. Asexual reproduction occurs through several processes like binary fission, budding, fragmentation, and parthenogenesis. Sexual reproduction in humans involves internal fertilization in the female reproductive system with male sperm fertilizing eggs in the uterus.
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The document describes various aspects of reproduction in different organisms:
1) It describes the process of copulation and external fertilization in frogs, where the female lays eggs in water for the male to fertilize.
2) It discusses asexual reproduction through regeneration in flatworms and examples in other animals and plants.
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3) The process of pregnancy, from fertilization through fetal development and birth.
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ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
With increasing population, people need to rely on packaged food stuffs. Packaging of food materials requires the preservation of food. There are various methods for the treatment of food to preserve them and irradiation treatment of food is one of them. It is the most common and the most harmless method for the food preservation as it does not alter the necessary micronutrients of food materials. Although irradiated food doesn’t cause any harm to the human health but still the quality assessment of food is required to provide consumers with necessary information about the food. ESR spectroscopy is the most sophisticated way to investigate the quality of the food and the free radicals induced during the processing of the food. ESR spin trapping technique is useful for the detection of highly unstable radicals in the food. The antioxidant capability of liquid food and beverages in mainly performed by spin trapping technique.
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the
‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor
collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space,
because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia
DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations
at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based
on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago.
We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data
1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within
the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.
Randomised Optimisation Algorithms in DAPHNE
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Randomised Optimisation Algorithms in DAPHNE .
Austrian-Slovenian HPC Meeting 2024 – ASHPC24, Seeblickhotel Grundlsee in Austria, 10–13 June 2024
https://ashpc.eu/
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...University of Maribor
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intelligent Systems.
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/Nucleic Acid-its structural and functional complexity.
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/3D Hybrid PIC simulation of the plasma expansion (ISSS-14)
3D Particle-In-Cell (PIC) algorithm,
Plasma expansion in the dipole magnetic field.
Applied Science: Thermodynamics, Laws & Methodology.pdf
When I was asked to give a companion lecture in support of ‘The Philosophy of Science’ (https://shorturl.at/4pUXz) I decided not to walk through the detail of the many methodologies in order of use. Instead, I chose to employ a long standing, and ongoing, scientific development as an exemplar. And so, I chose the ever evolving story of Thermodynamics as a scientific investigation at its best.
Conducted over a period of >200 years, Thermodynamics R&D, and application, benefitted from the highest levels of professionalism, collaboration, and technical thoroughness. New layers of application, methodology, and practice were made possible by the progressive advance of technology. In turn, this has seen measurement and modelling accuracy continually improved at a micro and macro level.
Perhaps most importantly, Thermodynamics rapidly became a primary tool in the advance of applied science/engineering/technology, spanning micro-tech, to aerospace and cosmology. I can think of no better a story to illustrate the breadth of scientific methodologies and applications at their best.
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ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
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The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
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aziz sancar nobel prize winner: from mardin to nobel
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mô tả các thí nghiệm về đánh giá tác động dòng khí hóa sau đốt
mô tả các thí nghiệm về đánh giá tác động dòng khí hóa sau đốt
HumanPhysiology_Oogenesis_Spermatogenesis_Fertilization_2.ppt
- 1. LECTURES ON REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Prasanta Deb Assistant Professor Department of Human Physiology M.B.B. College, Agartala
- 2. GAMETOGENESIS Lecture 1 & 2 a. Oogenesis stages of meiosis in the female ovarian maturation, hormones and cycles ovulation b. Spermatogenesis Lecture 3 stages of meiosis in the male differentiation (spermiogenesis) FERTILIZATION Lecture 4 a. Where it takes place b. How it takes place OUTLINE
- 3. SOME TERMS Gamete: egg or sperm Gametogenesis: production of eggs or sperm Oogenesis: production of eggs Spermatogenesis: production of sperm Spermiogenesis: differentiation of sperm morphology Follicle: where eggs mature in the ovary Ovulation: release of egg from follicle Polar body: nonfunctional product of meiotic divisions in oogenesis Zygote: Fertilized egg
- 4. SOME MORE TERMS Oogonia: mitotically dividing cells in the ovary, will become Oocytes Primary oocyte: decision has been made to undergo meiosis, cell has grown. Cells are arrested at this stage until puberty. Secondary oocyte: has completed first meiotic division the division was unequal in terms of cytoplasm Ovum: Ovulated egg, ready to be fertilized. If fertilized, the second meitoic division will occur, another polar body will be given off.
- 9. HISTOLOGY OF TESTES Tunica Vasculosa
- 14. Spermatogenesis
- 15. Spermatogenic cycle A1 2A1 Mitosis 3A2 A1 Mitosis 6B1 Mitosis 12B2 Mitosis 24 primary spermatocytes Mitosis 48 secondary spermatocytes Meiosis I 96 spermatids Meiosis II 96 mature spermatozoa Spermiogenesis = Spermateleosis = Spermatozoan metamorphosis First meiotic division lasts several weeks in humans Second meiotic division takes about 8 hours in humans The following is an example of how the number of spermatozoa is increased by repetitive mitotic divisions of spermatogonial cells followed by the two meiotic divisions. There are actually more than 4 types of spermatogonia, so the actual number of mature spermatozoa originating from the initial division of a type A1 spermatogonium is actually greater than 96. Reductional division Equational division An entire spermatogenic cycle in humans takes about 64 days. The maturing spermatids remain attached by cytoplasmic bridges as they mature => syncytium
- 19. THANK YOU