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ReproductionSudarshana Elapatha
DISUDU
Educational Centre
Sudarshana Elapatha
secondary sexual characteristics
Physical characteristics
developed at puberty which
distinguish between the
sexes but are not involved in
reproduction.
Sudarshana Elapatha
Puberty
• The period during which adolescents
reach sexual maturity and become
capable of reproduction.
adolescent
in the process of developing from
a child into an adult.
Sudarshana Elapatha
Secondary sexual characters of males
• Pubertal hair grows
–on face , chest, under arm pits and in
genital areas.
• Shoulders grow wide.
• Larynx enlarges and voice becomes
deep.
• Genitals start to grow larger.
Sudarshana Elapatha
The action of
Testosterone
hormone
is responsible for
Secondary sexual
characters of malesSudarshana Elapatha
Secondary sexual characters of female
• Pabertal hair graws
–on arm-pits and on genital area.
• Pubic region widens.
• Mammary glands start to grow.
• Body becomes fat due to
subcutaneous fat deposits .
Sudarshana Elapatha
The action of
Oestogen and Progesterone
are responsible for
Secondary sexual
characters of female.
Sudarshana Elapatha
• Testes start to produce
sperms with adolescents of
a boy.
• Releasing of ova from
ovaries (menstrual cycle)
starts with adolescents of a
girl.
Sudarshana Elapatha
Sudarshana Elapatha
Male reproductive system
• Main parts
– Testes / Testicles
– Pair of epididymis
– Pair of vas deferenses
– Pair of seminal vesicles, prostrate gland and
pair of Cowper's glands
– Penis
Sudarshana Elapatha
Sudarshana Elapatha
Testes / Testicles
Sperms are produced
in Testicles
A testes is comprised of about
250 testical lobules.
Sperm mother cells are
produced in seminferous
tubules.
Sudarshana Elapatha
Pair of epididymis
Sperms are temporarily stored
in the epididymis
All the vas efferenses in a testes
emerge out of the testes and
are opened to the epididymis
Sudarshana Elapatha
vas deferenses
The tube that brings
sperms from epididymis
is called vas deferens.
Sudarshana Elapatha
Secrete white fluid
called seminal fluidSudarshana Elapatha
Functions of Seminal Fluid
• To provide a medium for the
sperms to swim
• To activate and nourish the
sperms
• To neutralize the acidity in the
female reproductive tract
Sudarshana Elapatha
.
Sudarshana Elapatha
Penis
• This is the muscular organ which
is important in ejection of semen
into female reproductive system.
• The tip of the penis is called
glans penis and it is covered by
prepuce or foreskin
Sudarshana Elapatha
reproductive
system
Sudarshana Elapatha
Female reproductive system
Sudarshana Elapatha
Sudarshana Elapatha
Sudarshana Elapatha
Main parts
• Ovary
• Fallopian tube
• Uterus
• Vagina or Endocervical canal
Sudarshana Elapatha
Sudarshana Elapatha
Functions of Ovary
• Production of ova
• Development of primary follicles to
graafian follicles
• Release the ovum
• Production of Oestogen and
Progesterone
Sudarshana Elapatha
Functions of the Uterus
During embryo development
◦Protect the embryo
◦Provide a constant environment for
the embryo to develop
◦Allow placenta to attach on
During birth of baby
◦Push the baby out by muscular
contractionSudarshana Elapatha
Activities of female reproductive
system
1. Developing of ova (the female
reproductive cells)
2. Facilitate the developing of fetus
3. Production of hormones
Oestrogen and Progesterone
Sudarshana Elapatha
Sudarshana Elapatha
Sudarshana Elapatha
Menstrual cycle
The process of ovulation
and menstruation in women
is known as Menstrual cycle
Sudarshana Elapatha
• Period of menstrual cycle is
approximately 28 days.
• The pair of ovaries releases ova
alternatively during the period of
menstrual cycle
Process of menstrual cycle takes
place associated with two locations
1. Changes that take place in the ovary
2. Changes that take place in the uterus
Sudarshana Elapatha
Changes that take place in the ovary
Sudarshana Elapatha
Development and release of
ova are carried out by ovary.
Changes that occur in the ovary
can be divided into two stages.
1. Follicular phase
2. Luteal phase
Sudarshana Elapatha
Follicular phase
• In this initial stage primary follicles
develop into graafian follicles
• This stage is controlled by FSH which is
secreted from pituitary gland
• During this phase, ovary secrets
Oestrogen
Sudarshana Elapatha
Luteal phase
• The ovum is released in to the fallopian
tube from the ovary.
• This stage is controlled by Lutenising
Hormone (LH), secreted by pituitary gland.
• During this phase ovary secrets
progesterone
Sudarshana Elapatha
Sudarshana Elapatha
Changes that take place in uterus
• If an ovum is fertilized, the embryo
develops in the uterus.
• Changes that occur in uterus are
divided into three phases.
1. Menstrual phase
2. Proliferation phase
3. Secretory phase
Sudarshana Elapatha
Sudarshana Elapatha
Menstrual phase
• If fertilization does not take
place, level of Progesterone
decreases.
• This causes the degradation of
the wall of uterus and it is
expelled/driven out
• Occurs for about four days.
Sudarshana Elapatha
Proliferation phase
• Due to increases level of
Oestrogen,
• Degraded wall of uterus starts to
re-build
• New cell layer and blood
capillaries grow on the inner wall
of the uterus.
• It takes about 10 days for this.Sudarshana Elapatha
Sudarshana Elapatha
• One of the sperms fuses with the
ovum passing down towards the
uterus. Here nucleic matter of the
ovum and the sperm fuses together.
• This phenomenon is called fertilization.
Sudarshana Elapatha
• Fertilized ovum is referred to as
zygote.
• While it is rolling towards uterus, it
divides to increase the number of
cells. Then it is known as morula.
• Morula disintegrates the tissues of
uterine wall, sinks and deposits in the
wall. This is known as implantation
Sudarshana Elapatha
morula is a solid ball of cells
resulting from division of a
fertilized ovum.
Sudarshana Elapatha
Development of foetus
Sudarshana Elapatha
• Takes human form
• Head of foetus is large, with respect
to other body parts
• Development of nails starts
• Male and female sex organs are
developed
Sudarshana Elapatha
• Development of skeleton starts
• Hair begins to grow
Sudarshana Elapatha
• Foetus is completely covered with
hair
• Heart beat of foetus can observe
from out side
• (average rate of heart beat is 120-
140 per minute)
Sudarshana Elapatha
• Eyebrows and eyelashes have
developed
Sudarshana Elapatha
• Eyelids open
• Skin is in wrinkled nature
Sudarshana Elapatha
• Subcutaneous fat begins to deposit
• Weight of foetus is about 2 1/2 kg
Sudarshana Elapatha
• Nails are completely grown
• Testes are positioned in scrotum
• Body shows a full grown nature
• Weight of foetus is about 2 1/2 -3- 1/2
kg
Sudarshana Elapatha
Sudarshana Elapatha
Parturition
Sudarshana Elapatha
• When it is close to child birth, head
of the foetus in uterus, turns
towards vagina.
• After completion of development
for about 280 days, foetus is
pushed outside through vagina by
the contraction of muscles of
uterus.
• This process is known as child
birth or parturition.
Sudarshana Elapatha
• Further contraction of uterine
wall, disconnects the placenta
and associated tissues.
• After parturition the umbilical
cord that connected placenta
and foetus is cut and tied
Sudarshana Elapatha
Sudarshana Elapatha
Sudarshana Elapatha

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Human reproduction

  • 3. secondary sexual characteristics Physical characteristics developed at puberty which distinguish between the sexes but are not involved in reproduction. Sudarshana Elapatha
  • 4. Puberty • The period during which adolescents reach sexual maturity and become capable of reproduction. adolescent in the process of developing from a child into an adult. Sudarshana Elapatha
  • 5. Secondary sexual characters of males • Pubertal hair grows –on face , chest, under arm pits and in genital areas. • Shoulders grow wide. • Larynx enlarges and voice becomes deep. • Genitals start to grow larger. Sudarshana Elapatha
  • 6. The action of Testosterone hormone is responsible for Secondary sexual characters of malesSudarshana Elapatha
  • 7. Secondary sexual characters of female • Pabertal hair graws –on arm-pits and on genital area. • Pubic region widens. • Mammary glands start to grow. • Body becomes fat due to subcutaneous fat deposits . Sudarshana Elapatha
  • 8. The action of Oestogen and Progesterone are responsible for Secondary sexual characters of female. Sudarshana Elapatha
  • 9. • Testes start to produce sperms with adolescents of a boy. • Releasing of ova from ovaries (menstrual cycle) starts with adolescents of a girl. Sudarshana Elapatha
  • 11. Male reproductive system • Main parts – Testes / Testicles – Pair of epididymis – Pair of vas deferenses – Pair of seminal vesicles, prostrate gland and pair of Cowper's glands – Penis Sudarshana Elapatha
  • 13. Testes / Testicles Sperms are produced in Testicles A testes is comprised of about 250 testical lobules. Sperm mother cells are produced in seminferous tubules. Sudarshana Elapatha
  • 14. Pair of epididymis Sperms are temporarily stored in the epididymis All the vas efferenses in a testes emerge out of the testes and are opened to the epididymis Sudarshana Elapatha
  • 15. vas deferenses The tube that brings sperms from epididymis is called vas deferens. Sudarshana Elapatha
  • 16. Secrete white fluid called seminal fluidSudarshana Elapatha
  • 17. Functions of Seminal Fluid • To provide a medium for the sperms to swim • To activate and nourish the sperms • To neutralize the acidity in the female reproductive tract Sudarshana Elapatha
  • 19. Penis • This is the muscular organ which is important in ejection of semen into female reproductive system. • The tip of the penis is called glans penis and it is covered by prepuce or foreskin Sudarshana Elapatha
  • 24. Main parts • Ovary • Fallopian tube • Uterus • Vagina or Endocervical canal Sudarshana Elapatha
  • 26. Functions of Ovary • Production of ova • Development of primary follicles to graafian follicles • Release the ovum • Production of Oestogen and Progesterone Sudarshana Elapatha
  • 27. Functions of the Uterus During embryo development ◦Protect the embryo ◦Provide a constant environment for the embryo to develop ◦Allow placenta to attach on During birth of baby ◦Push the baby out by muscular contractionSudarshana Elapatha
  • 28. Activities of female reproductive system 1. Developing of ova (the female reproductive cells) 2. Facilitate the developing of fetus 3. Production of hormones Oestrogen and Progesterone Sudarshana Elapatha
  • 31. Menstrual cycle The process of ovulation and menstruation in women is known as Menstrual cycle Sudarshana Elapatha
  • 32. • Period of menstrual cycle is approximately 28 days. • The pair of ovaries releases ova alternatively during the period of menstrual cycle Process of menstrual cycle takes place associated with two locations 1. Changes that take place in the ovary 2. Changes that take place in the uterus Sudarshana Elapatha
  • 33. Changes that take place in the ovary Sudarshana Elapatha
  • 34. Development and release of ova are carried out by ovary. Changes that occur in the ovary can be divided into two stages. 1. Follicular phase 2. Luteal phase Sudarshana Elapatha
  • 35. Follicular phase • In this initial stage primary follicles develop into graafian follicles • This stage is controlled by FSH which is secreted from pituitary gland • During this phase, ovary secrets Oestrogen Sudarshana Elapatha
  • 36. Luteal phase • The ovum is released in to the fallopian tube from the ovary. • This stage is controlled by Lutenising Hormone (LH), secreted by pituitary gland. • During this phase ovary secrets progesterone Sudarshana Elapatha
  • 38. Changes that take place in uterus • If an ovum is fertilized, the embryo develops in the uterus. • Changes that occur in uterus are divided into three phases. 1. Menstrual phase 2. Proliferation phase 3. Secretory phase Sudarshana Elapatha
  • 40. Menstrual phase • If fertilization does not take place, level of Progesterone decreases. • This causes the degradation of the wall of uterus and it is expelled/driven out • Occurs for about four days. Sudarshana Elapatha
  • 41. Proliferation phase • Due to increases level of Oestrogen, • Degraded wall of uterus starts to re-build • New cell layer and blood capillaries grow on the inner wall of the uterus. • It takes about 10 days for this.Sudarshana Elapatha
  • 43. • One of the sperms fuses with the ovum passing down towards the uterus. Here nucleic matter of the ovum and the sperm fuses together. • This phenomenon is called fertilization. Sudarshana Elapatha
  • 44. • Fertilized ovum is referred to as zygote. • While it is rolling towards uterus, it divides to increase the number of cells. Then it is known as morula. • Morula disintegrates the tissues of uterine wall, sinks and deposits in the wall. This is known as implantation Sudarshana Elapatha
  • 45. morula is a solid ball of cells resulting from division of a fertilized ovum. Sudarshana Elapatha
  • 47. • Takes human form • Head of foetus is large, with respect to other body parts • Development of nails starts • Male and female sex organs are developed Sudarshana Elapatha
  • 48. • Development of skeleton starts • Hair begins to grow Sudarshana Elapatha
  • 49. • Foetus is completely covered with hair • Heart beat of foetus can observe from out side • (average rate of heart beat is 120- 140 per minute) Sudarshana Elapatha
  • 50. • Eyebrows and eyelashes have developed Sudarshana Elapatha
  • 51. • Eyelids open • Skin is in wrinkled nature Sudarshana Elapatha
  • 52. • Subcutaneous fat begins to deposit • Weight of foetus is about 2 1/2 kg Sudarshana Elapatha
  • 53. • Nails are completely grown • Testes are positioned in scrotum • Body shows a full grown nature • Weight of foetus is about 2 1/2 -3- 1/2 kg Sudarshana Elapatha
  • 56. • When it is close to child birth, head of the foetus in uterus, turns towards vagina. • After completion of development for about 280 days, foetus is pushed outside through vagina by the contraction of muscles of uterus. • This process is known as child birth or parturition. Sudarshana Elapatha
  • 57. • Further contraction of uterine wall, disconnects the placenta and associated tissues. • After parturition the umbilical cord that connected placenta and foetus is cut and tied Sudarshana Elapatha