Human knowledge: How do we know the things we know?
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A lesson I gave to middle school students during my time at Yale, with the Yale SPROUT student organisation.
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Here are the key steps to solve this problem:
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0.800 m/s2 / 0.330 m = α
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ω = 0 + 2.42 rad/s2 * 20.0 s
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1. The document discusses the structure and content of a unit on planet Earth and its representation. It will cover topics like the shape and movements of the Earth, coordinates, maps, and time zones.
2. Key concepts that will be explained include the rotation and revolution of the Earth, latitude and longitude, map projections that represent the spherical Earth on a flat surface, and different types of maps and scales.
3. Questions to be answered relate to the position of Earth in the solar system, its movements and seasons, geographic coordinates, representations of Earth, and defining features of maps like scale and time zones. Useful vocabulary is also provided.
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- A day on Earth was much shorter in the past due to the Moon being closer and Earth's rotation being faster. Evidence suggests a day was around 6 hours long 700 million years ago.
- The Moon was formed by a giant impact between the early Earth and a Mars-sized body. It originally orbited much closer to Earth.
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The Earth is composed of layers from the crust to the core. The crust is 40 km thick, the upper mantle is 150 km thick, the inner mantle is 400-650 km thick, the outer core is 2,700-2,890 km thick, and the inner core is 5,150-6,378 km thick. The mantle gets hotter towards the bottom, reaching temperatures between 4,000-6,700°F. Oceans cover 70% of the Earth's surface and are up to 3.7 km deep. The crust is made of silicon, aluminum, calcium, sodium and potassium. Astronauts have seen that the Earth and other planets are round, proving the Earth is spherical rather than flat.
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The Earth is composed of layers from the crust to the core. The crust is 40 km thick, the upper mantle is 150 km thick, the inner mantle is 400-650 km thick, the outer core is 2,700-2,890 km thick, and the inner core is 5,150-6,378 km thick. The mantle gets hotter towards the bottom, reaching temperatures between 4,000-6,700°F. Oceans cover 70% of the Earth's surface and are up to 3.7 km deep. The crust is made of silicon, aluminum, calcium, sodium and potassium. Astronauts have seen that the Earth and other planets are round, proving the Earth is spherical rather than flat.
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The document summarizes Earth's structure and composition. It describes that Earth has distinct layers including the crust, mantle, and core. The crust and upper mantle form Earth's lithosphere which is separated into tectonic plates. The mantle circulates heat via convection currents which drive plate tectonics. Earth's inner core is solid iron while the outer core is liquid nickel-iron alloy. Earth's magnetic field is generated by convection currents in the outer core which protects life from solar radiation.
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Here are the key steps to solve this problem:
1) Find the linear acceleration (a = 0.800 m/s2)
2) Find the time of acceleration (t = 20.0 s)
3) Use the equation for linear acceleration (a = rα) to find the angular acceleration:
a / r = α
0.800 m/s2 / 0.330 m = α
α = 2.42 rad/s2
4) Use the equation for angular velocity (ω = ω0 + αt) to find the final angular velocity:
ω = 0 + 2.42 rad/s2 * 20.0 s
ω = 48.4 rad/s
Astronomy in Hinduism
The document discusses different units of measurement used in ancient Indian texts for astronomy and human scales. It describes yojana and angula units used in texts like Surya Siddhanta and Bhagavata Purana to measure distances in the solar system and beyond. A yojana could vary between 7-16 km depending on whether it referred to human or astronomical scales. Dhama is another unit used to measure zones within the galaxy, with 30 dhama zones described ahead of the sun's position.
Gravitation
This document provides 5 practice problems related to gravitation, gravitational force, gravitational field, satellite motion, and Kepler's Laws. The problems cover calculating gravitational force between objects of different masses on a pool table, determining gravitational acceleration and mass of a planet based on satellite motion data, calculating orbital parameters of satellites around Earth and Jupiter, and using orbital period and radius to determine the mass of Jupiter. Consultation is available for any difficulties solving the problems.
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A Strategic Approach: GenAI in Education
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
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Human knowledge: How do we know the things we know?
- 1. Human Knowledge of the Physical World By Jerrick Wee
- 3. Singapore
- 5. Human Knowledge of the Physical World By Jerrick Wee
- 7. What is the shape of the Earth?
- 8. Cube
- 9. Pyramid
- 10. Cylinder
- 11. Flat / Disc
- 13. How do we know…?
- 14. How do we know that the Earth is a sphere?
- 15. Lunar Eclipses
- 17. Lunar Eclipses
- 18. Lunar Eclipses
- 20. Lunar Eclipses
- 23. What is the size of the Earth?
- 28. ?
- 29. S 800km 7°
- 30. 800km 7°
- 31. 800km 7°
- 32. 800km 7° A circle has 360°. 7° of 360° is ~1/50. If there are 800km in 7°, how many km are there in 360°? (in other words, what is the circumference of the Earth?)
- 33. 40000km That’s the circumference of the Earth. ~24900 miles Circumference = 800km x 50 = 40000km
- 34. ? O What about its radius? (remember, C = 2πr)
- 35. 6400km Diameter of the Earth: 800 x 50 = 40000km 2πr = 40000km r = 6366km O
- 36. 6400km O
- 37. What is the mass of the Earth? (how heavy is the Earth?)
- 38. What is gravity?
- 40. F = ma Newton’s Second Law of Motion
- 41. F = ma Newton’s Second Law of Motion Force mass acceleration
- 42. M1M2 F = r2 G Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation
- 43. M1 M2 F2 F1 r
- 44. M1 M2 F2 F1 r
- 45. M1 M2 F2 F1 r
- 46. M1 M2 F2 F1 r
- 47. M1 M2 F2 F1 r
- 48. M1M2 F = r2 G Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation
- 49. ME a = r2 G Formula for the Mass of the Earth
- 50. ME ar2 G Formula for the Mass of the Earth =
- 51. 6 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 kg (13 200 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 lb.)
- 52. Density The amount of stuff in a given space
- 53. m p = V Formula for Density
- 54. m p = V Formula for Density mass volume
- 56. 70% water 30% Sand (Silica)
- 57. 1000 kg m-3 1602 kg m-3
- 58. ? kg m-3
- 59. 70% water 30% Sand (Silica)
- 60. 70% water 30% Sand (Silica) ~1300 kg/m3 ?
- 61. m p = V Formula for Density
- 63. 6400km O V = 1.1 x 1021 m3
- 64. 5500 kg m-3
- 65. What?
- 66. Journey to the Centre of the Earth
- 68. Hypothesis #1 Hypothesis #2
- 70. Earthquake
- 71. Shadow zone Seismic waves Model #1 Model #2
- 72. We know that hypothesis #1 is correct. Shadow zone Seismic waves
- 74. Silicates (Sand) Iron The Early Earth (when the Earth was first formed) Uranium Carbon
- 75. Where did all the water come from?
- 76. Where did the moon come from?
- 77. What was happening to the Solar System then?
- 78. Liquid Iron Outer Core