This document contains a science worksheet with questions about the solar system. It includes questions about planetary distances, speeds, and orbits. It also covers topics like seasons, day/night cycles, eclipses, and reflections. Diagrams illustrate concepts like how seasons are created by the tilt of the Earth's axis and how shadows form during a solar eclipse. Conversions between distance units like AU and km are discussed.
Paper Claim
-The moon orbital geometrical structure uses the distance between perigee and apogee (43000 km) as a building unit
-The moon orbit uses Pythagoras rule with this distance 43000 km to create all other distances found in the moon orbit
-The moon uses Pythagoras rule in its motion to be enable to change its daily displacement
-Because the moon daily displacement 88000 km isn't used as a real displacement totally, Where the moon uses Pythagoras triangle to create another real displacement which can be shorter than 88000 km, this technique enables the moon to move through orbits more near to the Earth than apogee orbit (r=0.406 mkm)
-The moon orbital geometrical structure depends on the distance 43000 km to concentrate the energy into the moon orbit.
Gerges Francis Tawdrous +201022532292
THIS EBOOK WAS PREPARED
AS A PART OF THE COMENIUS PROJECT
WHY MATHS?
by the students and the teachers from:
BERKENBOOM HUMANIORA BOVENBOUW, IN SINT-NIKLAAS
( BELGIUM)
EUREKA SECONDARY SCHOOL IN KELLS (IRELAND)
LICEO CLASSICO STATALE CRISTOFORO COLOMBO IN GENOA (ITALY)
GIMNAZJUM IM. ANNY WAZÓWNY IN GOLUB-DOBRZYŃ (POLAND)
ESCOLA SECUNDARIA COM 3.º CICLO D. MANUEL I IN BEJA (PORTUGAL)
IES ÁLVAREZ CUBERO IN PRIEGO DE CÓRDOBA (SPAIN)
Earth Moon moves with 2 Rates Of Time (Part VI)Gerges francis
We still try to understand the data…
(1)
Mercury Day Period = 2 Mercury Orbital Periods =3 Mercury rotation periods
(2)
Uranus Orbital Distance = 2 Saturn Orbital Distances
(3)
Also I have claimed that
Moon Daily Displacement 88000 km is used As 2 x 88000 km
Shortly
Why The Rate 2: 1 Is Found In The Solar System Geometry?
Paper Hypothesis
Mercury Periods Data causes The Moon Daily Displacement 88000 km to be used in double value = 2 x 88000 km
The Moon Daily Displacement (88000 km) effects On Mercury Periods Data
Is There another Orbit For The Moon Motion? Gerges francis
Paper Hypothesis No. (1)
-Another Orbit must be found for the moon motion.
Paper Hypothesis No. (2)
-An interaction is found between Jupiter and the Earth moon motions, this interaction shows that another orbit must be found for the moon motion –
Paper Objective
-The paper tries to prove that, there's an interaction between Jupiter and the moon motion.
-And
-Based on this interaction, Jupiter effect on the moon motion suggests that another orbit is required necessary for the moon orbital motion.
Gerges Francis Tawdrous +201022532292
Paper Claim
-The moon orbital geometrical structure uses the distance between perigee and apogee (43000 km) as a building unit
-The moon orbit uses Pythagoras rule with this distance 43000 km to create all other distances found in the moon orbit
-The moon uses Pythagoras rule in its motion to be enable to change its daily displacement
-Because the moon daily displacement 88000 km isn't used as a real displacement totally, Where the moon uses Pythagoras triangle to create another real displacement which can be shorter than 88000 km, this technique enables the moon to move through orbits more near to the Earth than apogee orbit (r=0.406 mkm)
-The moon orbital geometrical structure depends on the distance 43000 km to concentrate the energy into the moon orbit.
Gerges Francis Tawdrous +201022532292
THIS EBOOK WAS PREPARED
AS A PART OF THE COMENIUS PROJECT
WHY MATHS?
by the students and the teachers from:
BERKENBOOM HUMANIORA BOVENBOUW, IN SINT-NIKLAAS
( BELGIUM)
EUREKA SECONDARY SCHOOL IN KELLS (IRELAND)
LICEO CLASSICO STATALE CRISTOFORO COLOMBO IN GENOA (ITALY)
GIMNAZJUM IM. ANNY WAZÓWNY IN GOLUB-DOBRZYŃ (POLAND)
ESCOLA SECUNDARIA COM 3.º CICLO D. MANUEL I IN BEJA (PORTUGAL)
IES ÁLVAREZ CUBERO IN PRIEGO DE CÓRDOBA (SPAIN)
Earth Moon moves with 2 Rates Of Time (Part VI)Gerges francis
We still try to understand the data…
(1)
Mercury Day Period = 2 Mercury Orbital Periods =3 Mercury rotation periods
(2)
Uranus Orbital Distance = 2 Saturn Orbital Distances
(3)
Also I have claimed that
Moon Daily Displacement 88000 km is used As 2 x 88000 km
Shortly
Why The Rate 2: 1 Is Found In The Solar System Geometry?
Paper Hypothesis
Mercury Periods Data causes The Moon Daily Displacement 88000 km to be used in double value = 2 x 88000 km
The Moon Daily Displacement (88000 km) effects On Mercury Periods Data
Is There another Orbit For The Moon Motion? Gerges francis
Paper Hypothesis No. (1)
-Another Orbit must be found for the moon motion.
Paper Hypothesis No. (2)
-An interaction is found between Jupiter and the Earth moon motions, this interaction shows that another orbit must be found for the moon motion –
Paper Objective
-The paper tries to prove that, there's an interaction between Jupiter and the moon motion.
-And
-Based on this interaction, Jupiter effect on the moon motion suggests that another orbit is required necessary for the moon orbital motion.
Gerges Francis Tawdrous +201022532292
Earth Moon moves with 2 Rates Of Time (Part III)Gerges francis
We still discuss our subject "Earth Moon moves with 2 rates of time" (Parts I and II)
The last paper concluded an interesting mystery which led to a serious question!
Let's ask it in following:
Why Mercury Day Period = 2 Mercury Orbital Period = 3 Mercury Rotation Period?
Let's remember the mastery to see why this question is important:
- Moon moves daily 2.58 mkm where this distance is contracted to be 2.41 mkm by length contraction effect – this difference in distances causes difference in velocities between Earth and Moon
- The moon needs 0.17 mkm to perform a distance = 2.58 mkm = Earth Motion daily and based on that they will not separate from each other - but the moon moves daily by gravity forces a distance =88000 km only (Moon Daily Displacement)
- So – The moon sends the distance 88000 km (Energy)- to Mercury who receives the value 88000 km and transforms it into 88 days – and Mercury based on this 88 days produced his Day period 176 days and transforms this value into 176000km and sends them to the moon to enable it to move the required distance 2.58 mkm.
Interesting Mystery!
But even contradicts another one! Which is
- The moon moves 88000 km but this value becomes 176000 km because Uranus orbital distance =2 Saturn orbital distance – means – Uranus Saturn Relationship causes the value 88000 km to be 176000km!
Based on that
- What answer we expect for the question… Why Mercury Day period = 2 Mercury Orbital Periods?!
- We expect that Uranus Saturn Relationship causes Mercury Day Period to be = 2 Mercury Orbital Periods…
So this paper doesn't deal with any mystery…
We here to answer the question
Why Mercury Day Period = 2 Mercury Orbital Period = 3 Mercury Rotation Period?
The Moon Orbital Triangle (General discussion) (IV) Gerges francis
Paper hypothesis:
-The moon orbital motion causes the moon orbit regression 19 degrees per sidereal year (365.25 days)
Paper Argument:
The Moon Orbital Triangle Basic Uses:
(1) The moon uses Pythagoras triangle as one of its orbital motion techniques, based on that, the triangle supports the moon motion equation definition.
(2) There's 2nd force effects on the moon orbital motion and this force can be concluded from the moon orbital triangle
(3) There's 2nd orbit for the moon motion, and this orbit can be discovered by the moon orbital triangle data analysis
(4) The moon orbital triangle declination angle (1.1 degrees) on the horizontal level has a massive geometrical effect on the moon motion.
(5) The triangle shows that, the moon daily displacement (88000 km) is defined based on geometrical rules.
(6) The Triangle shows why the moon can't move beyond apogee orbit (r= 0.406 mkm).
Paper conclusion:
- Earth Does A Displacement As A Result Of The Moon Orbit Regression 19 Degrees Per A Sidereal Year (365.25 Days)
Gerges Francis Tawdrous +201022532292
The Moon Orbital Triangle (General discussion)(I) (Revised)Gerges francis
Paper Argument
- The Moon motion has 2 Orbits – we see one of them only
- The moon second orbit is declined by 0.8 degrees on the first one.
- The 2 orbits are neighbors and define together the Lunar Eclipse Umbra Length (1.392 mkm)
- Venus axial tilt is changed from 1.774 to 177.4 degrees because of Uranus axial tilt angle (91.1 degrees) with the moon axial tilt (6.7 deg) and because of Uranus axial tilt perpendicularity on the moon orbital triangle base.
- Venus original axial tilt (1.774 deg) is created as a rate between its diameter and Mars diameter – that shows Mars diameter rate effect on the planets motions
-The moon uses Pythagoras rule in its motion to define its daily displacement
Gerges Francis Tawdrous +201022532292
Paper hypothesis:
The Moon Metonic Cycle (6939.75 solar days) is created because of Uranus Motion effect on The Earth Moon Motion.
The hypothesis Proves
- (1st Proof) Uranus Orbital Circumference = 19 Earth Orbital Circumference, that means, Earth revolves around the sun 19 times (19 sidereal years = 6939.75 solar days) while Uranus revolves around the sun 1 time only, if Uranus has effect on the Earth and its moon motion, this effect should shows the value (19 sidereal years).
- (2nd Proof) Earth Motion Distance During Its Day Period = The Earth Moon Motion Distance During Its Day Period = Pluto Motion Distance During Its Day Period (Error 1%)
- (3rd Proof) Uranus Moves During (1440 Of Its Days Period) A Distance = The Earth Moon Total Displacement During Metonic Cycle (6939.75 Solar Days)
- (4th Proof) The moon orbital triangle angles (33 degrees and 37 degrees) show that the triangle is created by Uranus effect on the moon orbital motion.
Gerges Francis Tawdrous +201022532292
The Moon Orbital Triangle (General discussion) (V) (Revised) Gerges francis
Paper hypothesis:
-The moon orbital motion causes the moon orbit regression 19 degrees per sidereal year (365.25 days)
Paper Argument:
The Moon Orbital Triangle Basic Uses:
(1) The moon uses Pythagoras triangle as one of its orbital motion techniques, based on that, the triangle supports the moon motion equation definition.
(2) There's 2nd force effects on the moon orbital motion and this force can be concluded from the moon orbital triangle
(3) There's 2nd orbit for the moon motion, and this orbit can be discovered by the moon orbital triangle data analysis
(4) The moon orbital triangle declination angle (1.1 degrees) on the horizontal level has a massive geometrical effect on the moon motion.
(5) The triangle shows that, the moon daily displacement (88000 km) is defined based on geometrical rules.
(6) The Triangle shows why the moon can't move beyond apogee orbit (r= 0.406 mkm).
Paper conclusion:
1. Earth Does A Displacement As A Result Of The Moon Orbit Regression.
2. Earth and its moon motions are interacted with each deeply
Gerges Francis Tawdrous +201022532292
The Moon Orbital Triangle (General discussion) (V) (Revised) Gerges francis
Paper hypothesis:
-The moon orbital motion causes the moon orbit regression 19 degrees per sidereal year (365.25 days)
Paper Argument:
The Moon Orbital Triangle Basic Uses:
(1) The moon uses Pythagoras triangle as one of its orbital motion techniques, based on that, the triangle supports the moon motion equation definition.
(2) There's 2nd force effects on the moon orbital motion and this force can be concluded from the moon orbital triangle
(3) There's 2nd orbit for the moon motion, and this orbit can be discovered by the moon orbital triangle data analysis
(4) The moon orbital triangle declination angle (1.1 degrees) on the horizontal level has a massive geometrical effect on the moon motion.
(5) The triangle shows that, the moon daily displacement (88000 km) is defined based on geometrical rules.
(6) The Triangle shows why the moon can't move beyond apogee orbit (r= 0.406 mkm).
Paper conclusion:
1. Earth Does A Displacement As A Result Of The Moon Orbit Regression.
2. Earth and its moon motions are interacted with each deeply
Gerges Francis Tawdrous +201022532292
The Moon Orbital Triangle (General discussion) (V) (Revised) Gerges francis
Paper hypothesis:
- The moon orbital motion causes the moon orbit regression 19 degrees per sidereal year (365.25 days)
Paper Argument:
The Moon Orbital Triangle Basic Uses:
(1) The moon uses Pythagoras triangle as one of its orbital motion techniques, based on that, the triangle supports the moon motion equation definition.
(2) There's 2nd force effects on the moon orbital motion and this force can be concluded from the moon orbital triangle
(3) There's 2nd orbit for the moon motion, and this orbit can be discovered by the moon orbital triangle data analysis
(4) The moon orbital triangle declination angle (1.1 degrees) on the horizontal level has a massive geometrical effect on the moon motion.
(5) The triangle shows that, the moon daily displacement (88000 km) is defined based on geometrical rules.
(6) The Triangle shows why the moon can't move beyond apogee orbit (r= 0.406 mkm).
Paper conclusion:
1. Earth Does A Displacement As A Result Of The Moon Orbit Regression.
2. Earth and its moon motions are interacted with each deeply
Gerges Francis Tawdrous +201022532292
The Moon Orbital Triangle (General discussion) (V) Gerges francis
Paper hypothesis:
-The moon orbital motion causes the moon orbit regression 19 degrees per sidereal year (365.25 days)
Paper Argument:
The Moon Orbital Triangle Basic Uses:
(1) The moon uses Pythagoras triangle as one of its orbital motion techniques, based on that, the triangle supports the moon motion equation definition.
(2) There's 2nd force effects on the moon orbital motion and this force can be concluded from the moon orbital triangle
(3) There's 2nd orbit for the moon motion, and this orbit can be discovered by the moon orbital triangle data analysis
(4) The moon orbital triangle declination angle (1.1 degrees) on the horizontal level has a massive geometrical effect on the moon motion.
(5) The triangle shows that, the moon daily displacement (88000 km) is defined based on geometrical rules.
(6) The Triangle shows why the moon can't move beyond apogee orbit (r= 0.406 mkm).
Paper conclusion:
1. Earth Does A Displacement As A Result Of The Moon Orbit Regression.
2. Earth and its moon motions are interacted with each deeply.
Gerges Francis Tawdrous +201022532292
The Moon Orbital Triangle (General discussion) (III) Gerges francis
Abstract
Paper hypothesis:
- Earth Does A Displacement As A Result Of The Moon Orbit Regression 19 Degrees Per A Sidereal Year (365.25 Days)
Paper Argument:
The Moon Orbital Triangle Basic Uses:
(1) The moon uses Pythagoras triangle as one of its orbital motion techniques, based on that, the triangle supports the moon motion equation definition.
(2) There's 2nd force effects on the moon orbital motion and this force can be concluded from the moon orbital triangle
(3) There's 2nd orbit for the moon motion, and this orbit can be discovered by the moon orbital triangle data analysis
(4) The moon orbital triangle declination angle (1.1 degrees) on the horizontal level has a massive geometrical effect on the moon motion.
(5) The triangle shows that, the moon daily displacement (88000 km) is defined based on geometrical rules.
(6) The Triangle shows why the moon can't move beyond apogee orbit (r= 0.406 mkm).
Gerges Francis Tawdrous +201022532292
Paper Objective
The Moon Motion Trajectory Rules Definition
- There 3 basic rules are known in the moon motion trajectory, which can help us in our investigation to discover the moon motion trajectory…
- The 1st rule
o "There Is Another Force Equal Earth Gravity Force Effect On The Moon Motion Trajectory, This force Is expressed By point (A) in The moon orbital triangle, This Point (A) is found beyond apogee point with 43000 km, i.e. The distance between the Earth and this point (A) = 449000 km"
- The 2nd rule
o The moon orbital triangle shows that, the moon motion 4 basic radius (which are Perigee, Apogee, total solar eclipse, and the orbital distance), these 4 points are defined based on each other by using Pythagoras rule (the Pythagoras equation should use the term 86000 km as a right triangle dimension and the other dimension should be any radius of the 4 radiuses and the result will be another radius of them) – so is this the way by which the moon move? i.e. does the moon move through its motion trajectory based on Pythagoras rule?)
- The 3r rule
o The Cycle 1290 days of the moon motion, this cycle gives us a clear light about how the moon moves through its orbital motion trajectory
- Because we know the rules No 1 and 3, the paper will discuss only the rule no. 3 and review both old rules.
Gerges Francis Tawdrous +201022532292
The Moon Orbital Triangle (General discussion)(II)Gerges francis
Paper Question:
- Why the moon orbital triangle is an important tool in the moon orbital motion study?
The Answer:
Because
(1) The moon uses Pythagoras triangle as one of its orbital motion techniques, based on that, the triangle supports the moon motion equation definition.
(2) There's 2nd force effects on the moon orbital motion and this force can be concluded from the moon orbital triangle
(3) There's 2nd orbit for the moon motion, and this orbit can be discovered by the moon orbital triangle data analysis
(4) The moon orbital triangle declination angle (1.1 degrees) on the horizontal level has a massive geometrical effect on the moon motion.
(5) The triangle shows that, the moon daily displacement (88000 km) is defined based on geometrical rules.
Paper Conclusion
- The moon orbital triangle is a useful tool in the moon orbital motion study
Gerges Francis Tawdrous +201022532292
Earth Moon moves with 2 Rates Of Time (Part III)Gerges francis
We still discuss our subject "Earth Moon moves with 2 rates of time" (Parts I and II)
The last paper concluded an interesting mystery which led to a serious question!
Let's ask it in following:
Why Mercury Day Period = 2 Mercury Orbital Period = 3 Mercury Rotation Period?
Let's remember the mastery to see why this question is important:
- Moon moves daily 2.58 mkm where this distance is contracted to be 2.41 mkm by length contraction effect – this difference in distances causes difference in velocities between Earth and Moon
- The moon needs 0.17 mkm to perform a distance = 2.58 mkm = Earth Motion daily and based on that they will not separate from each other - but the moon moves daily by gravity forces a distance =88000 km only (Moon Daily Displacement)
- So – The moon sends the distance 88000 km (Energy)- to Mercury who receives the value 88000 km and transforms it into 88 days – and Mercury based on this 88 days produced his Day period 176 days and transforms this value into 176000km and sends them to the moon to enable it to move the required distance 2.58 mkm.
Interesting Mystery!
But even contradicts another one! Which is
- The moon moves 88000 km but this value becomes 176000 km because Uranus orbital distance =2 Saturn orbital distance – means – Uranus Saturn Relationship causes the value 88000 km to be 176000km!
Based on that
- What answer we expect for the question… Why Mercury Day period = 2 Mercury Orbital Periods?!
- We expect that Uranus Saturn Relationship causes Mercury Day Period to be = 2 Mercury Orbital Periods…
So this paper doesn't deal with any mystery…
We here to answer the question
Why Mercury Day Period = 2 Mercury Orbital Period = 3 Mercury Rotation Period?
The Moon Orbital Triangle (General discussion) (IV) Gerges francis
Paper hypothesis:
-The moon orbital motion causes the moon orbit regression 19 degrees per sidereal year (365.25 days)
Paper Argument:
The Moon Orbital Triangle Basic Uses:
(1) The moon uses Pythagoras triangle as one of its orbital motion techniques, based on that, the triangle supports the moon motion equation definition.
(2) There's 2nd force effects on the moon orbital motion and this force can be concluded from the moon orbital triangle
(3) There's 2nd orbit for the moon motion, and this orbit can be discovered by the moon orbital triangle data analysis
(4) The moon orbital triangle declination angle (1.1 degrees) on the horizontal level has a massive geometrical effect on the moon motion.
(5) The triangle shows that, the moon daily displacement (88000 km) is defined based on geometrical rules.
(6) The Triangle shows why the moon can't move beyond apogee orbit (r= 0.406 mkm).
Paper conclusion:
- Earth Does A Displacement As A Result Of The Moon Orbit Regression 19 Degrees Per A Sidereal Year (365.25 Days)
Gerges Francis Tawdrous +201022532292
The Moon Orbital Triangle (General discussion)(I) (Revised)Gerges francis
Paper Argument
- The Moon motion has 2 Orbits – we see one of them only
- The moon second orbit is declined by 0.8 degrees on the first one.
- The 2 orbits are neighbors and define together the Lunar Eclipse Umbra Length (1.392 mkm)
- Venus axial tilt is changed from 1.774 to 177.4 degrees because of Uranus axial tilt angle (91.1 degrees) with the moon axial tilt (6.7 deg) and because of Uranus axial tilt perpendicularity on the moon orbital triangle base.
- Venus original axial tilt (1.774 deg) is created as a rate between its diameter and Mars diameter – that shows Mars diameter rate effect on the planets motions
-The moon uses Pythagoras rule in its motion to define its daily displacement
Gerges Francis Tawdrous +201022532292
Paper hypothesis:
The Moon Metonic Cycle (6939.75 solar days) is created because of Uranus Motion effect on The Earth Moon Motion.
The hypothesis Proves
- (1st Proof) Uranus Orbital Circumference = 19 Earth Orbital Circumference, that means, Earth revolves around the sun 19 times (19 sidereal years = 6939.75 solar days) while Uranus revolves around the sun 1 time only, if Uranus has effect on the Earth and its moon motion, this effect should shows the value (19 sidereal years).
- (2nd Proof) Earth Motion Distance During Its Day Period = The Earth Moon Motion Distance During Its Day Period = Pluto Motion Distance During Its Day Period (Error 1%)
- (3rd Proof) Uranus Moves During (1440 Of Its Days Period) A Distance = The Earth Moon Total Displacement During Metonic Cycle (6939.75 Solar Days)
- (4th Proof) The moon orbital triangle angles (33 degrees and 37 degrees) show that the triangle is created by Uranus effect on the moon orbital motion.
Gerges Francis Tawdrous +201022532292
The Moon Orbital Triangle (General discussion) (V) (Revised) Gerges francis
Paper hypothesis:
-The moon orbital motion causes the moon orbit regression 19 degrees per sidereal year (365.25 days)
Paper Argument:
The Moon Orbital Triangle Basic Uses:
(1) The moon uses Pythagoras triangle as one of its orbital motion techniques, based on that, the triangle supports the moon motion equation definition.
(2) There's 2nd force effects on the moon orbital motion and this force can be concluded from the moon orbital triangle
(3) There's 2nd orbit for the moon motion, and this orbit can be discovered by the moon orbital triangle data analysis
(4) The moon orbital triangle declination angle (1.1 degrees) on the horizontal level has a massive geometrical effect on the moon motion.
(5) The triangle shows that, the moon daily displacement (88000 km) is defined based on geometrical rules.
(6) The Triangle shows why the moon can't move beyond apogee orbit (r= 0.406 mkm).
Paper conclusion:
1. Earth Does A Displacement As A Result Of The Moon Orbit Regression.
2. Earth and its moon motions are interacted with each deeply
Gerges Francis Tawdrous +201022532292
The Moon Orbital Triangle (General discussion) (V) (Revised) Gerges francis
Paper hypothesis:
-The moon orbital motion causes the moon orbit regression 19 degrees per sidereal year (365.25 days)
Paper Argument:
The Moon Orbital Triangle Basic Uses:
(1) The moon uses Pythagoras triangle as one of its orbital motion techniques, based on that, the triangle supports the moon motion equation definition.
(2) There's 2nd force effects on the moon orbital motion and this force can be concluded from the moon orbital triangle
(3) There's 2nd orbit for the moon motion, and this orbit can be discovered by the moon orbital triangle data analysis
(4) The moon orbital triangle declination angle (1.1 degrees) on the horizontal level has a massive geometrical effect on the moon motion.
(5) The triangle shows that, the moon daily displacement (88000 km) is defined based on geometrical rules.
(6) The Triangle shows why the moon can't move beyond apogee orbit (r= 0.406 mkm).
Paper conclusion:
1. Earth Does A Displacement As A Result Of The Moon Orbit Regression.
2. Earth and its moon motions are interacted with each deeply
Gerges Francis Tawdrous +201022532292
The Moon Orbital Triangle (General discussion) (V) (Revised) Gerges francis
Paper hypothesis:
- The moon orbital motion causes the moon orbit regression 19 degrees per sidereal year (365.25 days)
Paper Argument:
The Moon Orbital Triangle Basic Uses:
(1) The moon uses Pythagoras triangle as one of its orbital motion techniques, based on that, the triangle supports the moon motion equation definition.
(2) There's 2nd force effects on the moon orbital motion and this force can be concluded from the moon orbital triangle
(3) There's 2nd orbit for the moon motion, and this orbit can be discovered by the moon orbital triangle data analysis
(4) The moon orbital triangle declination angle (1.1 degrees) on the horizontal level has a massive geometrical effect on the moon motion.
(5) The triangle shows that, the moon daily displacement (88000 km) is defined based on geometrical rules.
(6) The Triangle shows why the moon can't move beyond apogee orbit (r= 0.406 mkm).
Paper conclusion:
1. Earth Does A Displacement As A Result Of The Moon Orbit Regression.
2. Earth and its moon motions are interacted with each deeply
Gerges Francis Tawdrous +201022532292
The Moon Orbital Triangle (General discussion) (V) Gerges francis
Paper hypothesis:
-The moon orbital motion causes the moon orbit regression 19 degrees per sidereal year (365.25 days)
Paper Argument:
The Moon Orbital Triangle Basic Uses:
(1) The moon uses Pythagoras triangle as one of its orbital motion techniques, based on that, the triangle supports the moon motion equation definition.
(2) There's 2nd force effects on the moon orbital motion and this force can be concluded from the moon orbital triangle
(3) There's 2nd orbit for the moon motion, and this orbit can be discovered by the moon orbital triangle data analysis
(4) The moon orbital triangle declination angle (1.1 degrees) on the horizontal level has a massive geometrical effect on the moon motion.
(5) The triangle shows that, the moon daily displacement (88000 km) is defined based on geometrical rules.
(6) The Triangle shows why the moon can't move beyond apogee orbit (r= 0.406 mkm).
Paper conclusion:
1. Earth Does A Displacement As A Result Of The Moon Orbit Regression.
2. Earth and its moon motions are interacted with each deeply.
Gerges Francis Tawdrous +201022532292
The Moon Orbital Triangle (General discussion) (III) Gerges francis
Abstract
Paper hypothesis:
- Earth Does A Displacement As A Result Of The Moon Orbit Regression 19 Degrees Per A Sidereal Year (365.25 Days)
Paper Argument:
The Moon Orbital Triangle Basic Uses:
(1) The moon uses Pythagoras triangle as one of its orbital motion techniques, based on that, the triangle supports the moon motion equation definition.
(2) There's 2nd force effects on the moon orbital motion and this force can be concluded from the moon orbital triangle
(3) There's 2nd orbit for the moon motion, and this orbit can be discovered by the moon orbital triangle data analysis
(4) The moon orbital triangle declination angle (1.1 degrees) on the horizontal level has a massive geometrical effect on the moon motion.
(5) The triangle shows that, the moon daily displacement (88000 km) is defined based on geometrical rules.
(6) The Triangle shows why the moon can't move beyond apogee orbit (r= 0.406 mkm).
Gerges Francis Tawdrous +201022532292
Paper Objective
The Moon Motion Trajectory Rules Definition
- There 3 basic rules are known in the moon motion trajectory, which can help us in our investigation to discover the moon motion trajectory…
- The 1st rule
o "There Is Another Force Equal Earth Gravity Force Effect On The Moon Motion Trajectory, This force Is expressed By point (A) in The moon orbital triangle, This Point (A) is found beyond apogee point with 43000 km, i.e. The distance between the Earth and this point (A) = 449000 km"
- The 2nd rule
o The moon orbital triangle shows that, the moon motion 4 basic radius (which are Perigee, Apogee, total solar eclipse, and the orbital distance), these 4 points are defined based on each other by using Pythagoras rule (the Pythagoras equation should use the term 86000 km as a right triangle dimension and the other dimension should be any radius of the 4 radiuses and the result will be another radius of them) – so is this the way by which the moon move? i.e. does the moon move through its motion trajectory based on Pythagoras rule?)
- The 3r rule
o The Cycle 1290 days of the moon motion, this cycle gives us a clear light about how the moon moves through its orbital motion trajectory
- Because we know the rules No 1 and 3, the paper will discuss only the rule no. 3 and review both old rules.
Gerges Francis Tawdrous +201022532292
The Moon Orbital Triangle (General discussion)(II)Gerges francis
Paper Question:
- Why the moon orbital triangle is an important tool in the moon orbital motion study?
The Answer:
Because
(1) The moon uses Pythagoras triangle as one of its orbital motion techniques, based on that, the triangle supports the moon motion equation definition.
(2) There's 2nd force effects on the moon orbital motion and this force can be concluded from the moon orbital triangle
(3) There's 2nd orbit for the moon motion, and this orbit can be discovered by the moon orbital triangle data analysis
(4) The moon orbital triangle declination angle (1.1 degrees) on the horizontal level has a massive geometrical effect on the moon motion.
(5) The triangle shows that, the moon daily displacement (88000 km) is defined based on geometrical rules.
Paper Conclusion
- The moon orbital triangle is a useful tool in the moon orbital motion study
Gerges Francis Tawdrous +201022532292
This unit has been designed to support Year 3 teachers. It integrates some of the Primary Connections Ideas and acknowledges these, yet also add additional resources. We have tried to incorporate higher order thinking skills within the unit.
If you like this resource like and share http://www.australiancurriculumlessons.com.au/2014/08/09/earth-moon-sun-lessons-plans-year-34/ (I am trying to win my son an iPad. The resource on this site with the most likes wins an iPad Mini).
Uranus Is Perpendicular On Earth Moon Orbit (II) Gerges francis
Paper Claim
-Uranus Axial Tilt created an angle = 91.1 degrees with the Earth Moon Axial Tilt
But
- Uranus Axial Tilt is perpendicular (90 degrees) on the moon orbit, at the radius Perigee Point (r= 0.363 mkm)
- This perpendicularity (90 degrees), Uranus Axial Tilt performed because of using the value (1.1 degrees) to create an angle between the moon orbit horizontal base and the horizontal level…
- The angle (1.1 degrees) effects causes the moon orbit regression (19 degrees) per year
Paper Conclusion
- The moon orbit regression is a result of Uranus Axial Tilt perpendicularity on The moon orbit.
Gerges Francis Tawdrous +201022532292
The moon orbit geometrical structure (revised)Gerges francis
The first question in this research was why we see the sun disc = the moon disc? i.e. why (the Sun diameter/ the moon diameter) = (Earth orbital distance/ Earth Moon distance)?
The answer was "That's only Pure Coincidence" (No.1)
Then I found another question…
The Earth-Moon Orbit circumference at apogee radius (r=406000 km) = 2.58 mkm = Earth daily motion… why?
"That's also Pure Coincidence" (No.2)
Then I found the moon orbit geometrical relationships which are:
1. Earth Moon Distance at Perigee point =363000 km = Solar Outer Planets Diameters Total (error 1%)
2. Earth Moon Distance at Apogee point =406000 km = Solar Planets Diameters Total
3. The Distance between Perigee and Apogee = 40000km = Inner Solar Planets Diameters Total = Earth Circumference.
4. Saturn Circumference = Earth Moon Distance at total solar eclipse radius (377000km)
5. Note Please/ Solar Planets Diameters Total= 2 Jupiter diameters + 1 Saturn diameter (i.e. Jupiter diameter = 8 solar planets diameters total)
Why the previous relationships are found?
"Surely these are Pure Coincidence" (No.3)
Let's think more deeply,
The moon has to move daily a distance = Earth daily motion, otherwise The Earth and Moon will be separated from each other.. that means
- The moon should move daily =2.58 mkm,
- We know Earth moves daily = 2.58 mkm
- Also the moon orbit circumference at apogee radius (406000km) = 2.58 mkm
Is There any relationship between the three value 2.58 mkm… ?
The answer is "No, this is Pure Coincidence" (No.4)
Then Metonic Cycle question is produced
Why the moon orbit regresses yearly 19 degrees? Why the moon rotates Metonic Cycle which Earth doesn't? let's think more deeply
Metonic Cycle period = 6939.75 days
= 19 x 365.25 days (19 sidereal years)
= 235 x 29.53 days (235 Synodic Months)
= 20 x 346.6 days (20 nodal years)
The previous data tells us that, the Earth motion is in harmony with Moon and Moon orbit motions, that's why the three motions finish their cycles in the same time.
Why? (by the way how The moon orbit regresses alone with the moon? does it occur with any other planet?
"Just Pure Coincidence" (No.5)
Also I found some interesting relationship
Earth Circumference = inner planets diameters total
i.e. diameters of (Mercury + Venus + The moon + Earth + Mars) = Earth Circumference
but
2 Neptune Circumference = Jupiter diameter + Saturn diameter + Uranus diameter
(error 1%)
Also I found
Earth Mass = Mercury Mass + Venus Mass+ Moon Mass + Mars Mass (error 1%)
Neptune Mass= inner Planets masses total + Uranus mass + Pluto Mass (3.3%)
Is there any geometrical reason behind all these relationships?
"Simply these are only Pure coincidences" (No.6)
Paper hypothesis
-Planet diameter (or circumference) is created as a function in another planet diameter and velocity
The hypothesis explanation
- By this technique the produced planet diameter will be in harmony with the parent one, and accordingly, will be in harmony with all other planets diameters, circumferences and motions
- This harmony is a necessary to guarantee the planets motions general harmony..
- Planet diameter creation depending on another planet diameter and velocity, is done by A Motion Transportation Process, and by that planet diameter is created in harmony with its velocity and day period
Based on this concept we can explain the following data
- Jupiter moves during its day period a distance = its circumference (+4%)
- Saturn moves during its day period a distance = its circumference (-1.2%)
- Neptune moves during its day period a distance = its circumference x 2
- This specific data is produced as results for the motion transportation process
Gerges Francis Tawdrous +201022532292
Planet Velocity Is Defined As A Function Of Its Diameter (II)Gerges francis
Paper hypothesis
The Earth moon is created by effect of Uranus and Pluto motions
The hypothesis explanation
- Although the Earth moon is created by Planets collisions But
- The Earth moon data is created by an effect of light motion calculations
- That supports the conclusion that (light motion must be a companying with planet motion an effect on it)
Paper questions
- The paper tries to answer the following question
o Why Mercury Day needs 5040 seconds to be 176 solar days?
o Why Uranus motion distance during (5040 seconds)= Pluto motion distance during 7511 seconds.
Paper conclusion
- Light Motion Is Accompanying With Planet Motion.
Gerges Francis Tawdrous +201022532292
Let's remember our main argument in this papers series "Matter Creation Principle"
I have claimed the following:
(1) Light with velocity 1.16 mkm/sec travels for 1 second period only
(2) Light Motion for 1Second causes Planet to move for 1 solar day
(3) Based on Planet motion for 1 solar day – Solar Planets are created…
(4) Specifically – Pluto motion for 1 solar day is a result of light motion for 1 second period (light velocity =1.16 mkm/sec) and based on Pluto motion for 1 solar day – the planets diameters are created that's why Pluto Motion Distance Daily = 406000 km= Planets Diameters Total
But
(5) We have discovered that Earth Moon Orbit defines solar Planets diameters Where
a. Apogee Radius = Solar Planets Diameters Total
b. Perigee Radius = Outer Planets Diameters Total
c. Apogee–Perigee Distance =inner planets diameters total =Earth Circumference
(6) Based on the previous data we have concluded that (1st Conclusion) Pluto and Earth Moon together effect on Solar Planets Diameters Creation process (2nd Conclusion) light beam with velocity 1.16 mkm/sec is sent from Pluto to Earth causes the Earth Axial Tilt (23.45degrees)
Also
(7) We have discovered that 2 Jupiter Diameters +1 Saturn Diameter = Solar Planets Diameters Total =406000 km
(8) i.e. Jupiter Diameter = 8 Planets Diameters Total
(9) These relationships are depended also on light beam velocity 1.16 mkm /sec
What we need to do in this paper?
The previous claim is a heavy one, so we need to discuss (1st) More Proves & Details (2nd) How does this machine work?
Let's start immediately…
Please Note
Paper Methodology is mentioned in "Matter Creation Principle (Part III)"
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
1. 1
Departament Física i Química131209
SCIENCE: The Solar System
1. (1 mark) The relative distance from the Sun to Jupiter is 5,2. What does this
quantity mean?
What is the distance, in km, from the Sun to Jupiter? The distance from the Sun to
the Earth is 150.000.000 km.
2. (1,5 mark) In this graph is represented on vertical axis the speed of planets in its
motion around the Sun in meters per second, m/s, and on horizontal axis the relative
distance to the Sun.
a. How does the speed of planet change when the distance to the Sun
increases?
b. What is the fastest planet?
c. What is the orbital speed of Saturn?
d. What is the relative distance from the Sun to Saturn? (approximately).
3. (1 mark) Name the hotter planets and name the colder planets. Try to explain why it
happens.
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Relative
Distance
to
the
Sun
Speed
of
planets
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
2. 2
4. (2 mark) How are the seasons created? Explain making a draw to illustrate your
explanation.
Make a draw showing the following elements
5. (1 mark) How does daytime and nitghttime occur on planets?
6. (1 mark) Why do we see different shapes of the Moon? Draw the sun, the Earth and
the Moon, when is New Moon.
Sun
Earth
Rotation Earth axis
Earth’s orbital path and direction
Spring, summer, autumn, winter
For all position, daytime and nighttime
3. 3
7. (1 mark) What is an eclipse? Represent a solar eclipse drawing the relative position
of the Sun, the Earth and the Moon.
8. (1,5 mark) Explain how can you see any object, for example the blackboard, from
any position in class. Make a draw and represent in it all the elements that you need
to see anything. What type of reflection produces the blackboard?
9. (0,5 mark) How is umbra and penumbra produced? Make a draw.
4. 4
Worksheet 2
Name: ; date
Questions
1. How many planets are in the Solar System? Name them.
2. Is the Sun a planet? Explain it.
3. What is a Moon? Represent, drawing them, the Sun, a Planet and a Moon. How are
they moving?
4. Which are the motions of the Planets?
5. Explain what is an Orbital period. What is the Jupiter’s orbital period?
6. Explain what a Rotation period. How many days is Mars’ rotation period?
5. 5
7. Represent the Sun and planets, with their names, and draw their orbits.
6. 6
8. The Sun and planets are huge balls, what is the diameter of those balls? Help you
drawing a ball and represent its diameter.
9. Which planet has the bigger diameter?
10. What do you understand when we say that the relative diameter of a planet to the
Earth is 2? And its relative diameter was 0,38 on the Earth
11.
7. 7
Worksheet 3:
1. How far away is the Sun from the Earth?
2. What is the hottest planet in the Solar System?
3. How many stars are in the Solar System?
4. Name all the planets that have rings.
5. What is the coldest planet in the Solar System?
6. Name all the planets and Moons people have walked on.
7. Why are there daytime and nighttime on planets? Draw the Sun and a planet and
represent on it where is daytime and where is nigh time.
8. What are the seasons? How are the seasons created?
8. 8
9. Why do we see different shapes of the Moon? Draw the sun, the Earth and the
Moon, when is New Moon.
10. What is an eclipse? Represent a solar eclipse drawing the relative position of the
Sun, the Earth and the Moon.
11. How long does it take light from the Sun to reach Venus? The speed of light is
300000 km/s and the distance from the Sun to Venus is 109000000 km.
9. 9
HOW TO CONVERT UNITS
23 km; 23000 m: Are these lengths equals?
You know that the answer is YES. All we need is to know that:
1km = 1000 m.
As you know, it is possible to write this identity as a fraction:
! !"
!""" !
𝑜𝑟
!""" !
!!"
The question is: which of these two last Conversion Factor do we need to
convert “km” to “m”?
We need the expression that can cancel “km” and leave “m” above. As we
show:
23 𝑘𝑚 =
!" !"
!
;
→
23 𝑘𝑚
1
·
1000 𝑚
1𝑘𝑚
= 23000 𝑚
Example 1: The distance from Maó to Sant Lluís is 3325 m. Write this
distance in km.
Solution:
3325 𝑚 =
!!"# !
!
; à
!!"# !
!
·
! !"
!""" !
=
!!"#·! !"
!·!"""
= 3,325 𝑘𝑚
Remember what you have learned in Mathematics:
!
!
·
!
!
=
! · !
! . !
=
!"
!"
Are they the same person?
We call this expression
“CONVERSION FACTOR”
Conversion Factor
10. 10
Exercise 1: Write the Conversion Factor associated to this identity:
• 1 Astronomical Unit (AU) = 150.000.000 km à
• 1 meter (m) = 100 cm à
• 1 minute (min) = 60 seconds à
• 1 hour = 60 minutes à
• 1 day = 24 hours à
• 1 year = 365 days à
• 1 kilogram (kg) = 1000 grams (g) à
Exercise 2:
• 55 min à seconds
• 4,3 hours à minutes
• 31 days à hours
• 2,4 years à days
• 492 second à minute
• 200 day à years
• 7284-gram à kg.
Exercise 3: The distance from the Sun to Jupiter is 5,2 AU. Convert this
distance to km.
11. 11
THE AVERAGE SPEED
Speed is a property of moving bodies.
The average speed of an object is the distance travelled by the object
divided by total time from start to finish. We write this concept using an
equation that relates, speed “v”, distance “d” and time “t”.
𝒗 =
𝒅
𝒕
Example 2: Matthias is walking along the corridor and travels 50 m in 45
seconds. Find his average speed.
Solution:
• Distance, d = 50 m
• Time, t = 45 s
• Equation, 𝑣 =
!
!
We solve the equation for “v”: 𝑣 =
!
!
=
!" !
!" !
= 1,1 𝑚/𝑠 à v=1,1 m/s.
It is possible to find the distance that Matthias has travelled if you know the
speed and time previously.
Example 3: Matthias’ average speed is 1,1 m/s when he is moving along
corridor and takes 45 s to move from the Physics lab to the library. What is
the length Matthias has travelled?
Solution:
• Speed, v =1,1 𝑚
𝑠 =
!,! !
!
= 1,1
!
!
• Time, t = 45 s
• Equation, 𝑣 =
!
!
Now we want to know the distance from the physic lab to the library. We
need to find “d” from our equation:
𝑑 = 𝑣 · 𝑡
Then; 𝑑 = 1,1
!
!
· 45 𝑠 = 50 𝑚 à d=50 m.
Remember what you have learned in Mathematics:
!"
!
= 12 ; à 24=12 · 2
12. 12
Also it’s possible to find the time “t” that Matthias takes from the lab to the
library if we know its speed and the distance from lab to library.
Example 4: Matthias is walking at 1,1 m/s. How long does it takes
Matthias to move along 50 meters?
Solution:
• Distance, d= 50 m
• Speed, v =1,1 𝑚
𝑠 =
!,! !
!
= 1,1
!
!
• Time, “t”
• Equation, 𝑣 =
!
!
If we solve the equation for time “t” à 𝑡 =
!
!
𝑡 =
!
!
=
!" !
!,! !
!
= 45𝑠
Exercise 4: We have seen the equations: 𝑣 =
!
!
; 𝑑 = 𝑣 · 𝑡; 𝑡 =
!
!
Are they three different equations?
Are they the same equation written in different ways?
Exercise 5: The distance from Maó to Ciutadella is 45 km. Find the
average speed of our car if it takes 36 minutes in this trip. Write the answer
in km/min and km/h.
Exercise 6: The faster snail moves at 1,3 cm/s. How long does it take the
snail to move 1 m?
Exercise 7: The fastest possible speed is the speed of light in a vacuum, v
= c= 300.000 km/s. If the light takes 8,2 minutes from the Sun to reach the
Earth,
a. How many seconds are 8,2 minutes?
b. What is the distance from the Sun to the Earth in km?
13. 13
Name and surname:
Exercises
1. Convert units:
a. 2,34 km à m
b. 200 days à years
c. 19,1 AU à km
d. 72 km/h à km/s and then: convert to à m/s.
2. An athlete runs 100 m in 12 seconds. Find its average speed.
3. The speed of light in a vacuum is 300.000 km/s. How long does it take
the light from the Sun to Uranus? The distance from the Sun to Uranus
is 19,1 AU.
14. 14
Exam: Matter 140324
1. (1) From the drawing, identify the state of the substances and their
formula.
2. (1) Classify the systems represented below. For each one:
• Is there only one substance?
• Which are their states?
• Is there any solution? Why?
3. (0,5) From its formula and its state, draw the substance using its molecules.
Iron
Oxygen Water Sodium hydroxideNa
O
H
Mercury,
Hg (liquid) Chlorine, Cl2
(gas)
CS2 ; liquid. FeO ; Solid
15. 15
4. (0,5) What is bigger, a star or a galaxy? Why?
a. Have the iron atoms existed from the beginning of the universe?
b. Why are hydrogen atoms the most abundant in the universe?
5. (1) Explain how a hot air balloon works? What happens to the molecules inside the
balloon when the air is heated?
6. (1) How do we know when a chemical reaction has taken place?
7. (1) Label each process as a physical process or a chemical reaction:
Phy. CR Phy CR
Butter melting Freezing water to make ice cubs
Burning butane Melting gold to make jewellery
Autumn leaves changing colour Digesting food
Perfume evaporate Fogging a mirror with your breath
Melting copper metal Cooking potatoes
Iron become oxide, rust Mixing sugar with coffee
Writing on paper Frying chicken
Burning papers Fruit changes its colour and it
becomes a darker colour.
Paper ripping From grapes we produce wine.
8. (0,5) Carbon dioxide: Where is the carbon dioxide produced?
16. 16
9. Propane, C3H8, is a gas and we use it for cooking.
a. (0,25) What do we need to burn propane?
b. (0,5) What gas is produced when we burn propane? Write
the word equation.
c. (0,25) Why are combustions so important for humans?
10. (0,5) Darakth has three balloons, which
are filled with different gases. Which
balloon holds:
a. Air?
b. Hydrogen?
c. Carbon dioxide?
Explain your answer.
11. (0,25) Is carbon dioxide a toxic gas? Why?
(0,25) Is carbon dioxide the gas that we take from the air to breath?
12. (0,5) Why is carbon dioxide so important?
13. (0,5) Why are combustions related to the Earth warming up? Name this effect.
Hydrogen
17. 17
14. (0,5) Analyse the following
graph. The chaotic line
represents how the
temperature has changed a
long the last 1000 years until
now. The other line shows
how the amount of carbon
dioxide has been changed
along these years in the
atmosphere.
a. What do different numbers represent?
b. Describe the most important changes that shown by this graphic. When
(year) did these changes happen?
Year
18. 18
Exam:
THE
EARTH.
140526
1. (0,5)
As
you
know,
the
Moon
is
moving
away
from
the
Earth
3,8
cm
per
year.
How
long
does
it
take
the
Moon
to
increase
the
distance
from
the
Earth
0,76
meters?
2. (0,5)
Name
the
different
layers
of
the
Earth.
For
each
layer
indicate
their
state
(solid,
liquid
or
gas)
3. (0,4)
True
or
falls:
a. The
story
of
the
Earth
began
about
450
million
of
years.
b. The
Earth’s
surface
is
moving
all
the
time.
c. Millions
of
years
ago
all
the
continents
were
together.
d. The
Earth
and
the
Moon
were
born
at
same
time.
4. Convection
Currents
a. (0,5)
Explain
the
meaning
of
convection
currents.
Explain
our
experience
on
convection
currents
in
the
laboratory.
b. (0,2)
Which
is
Earth’s
layer
where
convections
currents
are
produced?
c. (0,3)
What
is
the
cause
of
convection
currents
in
this
Earth
layer?
5. Tectonic
Plates:
a. (0,2)
What
are
tectonic
plates?
b. (0,2)
What
do
convergent
boundaries
mean?
What
do
divergent
boundaries
mean?
Do
a
scheme.
19. 19
c. (0,1)
Where
is
new
tectonic
material
created,
where
it
is
destroyed?
d. (0,2)
Why
is
the
oceanic
crust
always
pushed
below
continental
crust?
e. (0,3)
What
is
the
cause
of
earthquakes?
6. The
Earth
atmosphere:
a. (0,4)
4
thousands
of
million
of
years
ago
did
the
Earth’s
atmosphere
have
the
same
composition
as
now?
Use
the
opposite
graph
to
explain
the
atmospheric
composition
at
this
time.
b. (0,2)
When
did
the
seas
appear?
c. (0,4)
When
did
oxygen
appear
in
the
atmosphere?
How
was
the
oxygen
produced?
7. (1,0)
Represent
inside
the
squares
the
air
molecules
taking
into
account
that
there
are
4
nitrogen
molecules,
N2,
by
each
of
oxygen,
O2.
Represent
the
air
molecules
at
sea
level
and
at
10
km
altitude.
Thousands of million of
years
20. 20
8. (0,4)
At
sea
level
the
air
density
is
about
1,2
g/L.
If
we
have
a
balloon
filled
with
7,5
l
of
air,
what
is
its
mass?
9. (0,6)
Explain
how
the
Cartesian
Diver
(Descartes
devil)
works.
10. Carbon
Cycle:
a. (0,2)
Name
places
or
processes
where
carbon
dioxide
is
produced.
b. (0,2)
How
is
the
carbon
dioxide
reduced
from
the
atmosphere?
c. (0,1)
Is
the
carbon
dioxide
a
toxic
gas?
Why?
d. (0,5)
What
will
happen
if
the
amount
of
carbon
dioxide
is
greatly
increased
in
the
atmosphere?
Name
and
explain
this
Effect.
11. (0,6)
Write
the
chemical
reaction
when
we
burn
petrol?
Petrol
+
à
+
+
Are
there
some
relation
between
combustion
reactions
and
atmospheric
pollution?
21. 21
12. (1,0)
When
we
breath
inhale
• N2,
78,4%
• O2,
20,8%
• CO2,
0,04%
• H2O
vapour,
0,76%
Which
gasses
are
increased
and
which
are
reduced
when
we
exhale?
Why?
13. (1,0)
Draw
a
representation
of
Water
Cycle.
Name
all
the
processes
that
happen
in
this
cycle.
What
makes
the
water
cycle
works?
22. 22
Exam 1stC ESO 140611
1. (0,5)
What is a chemical reaction?
2. (0,5)
Label each process as a physical process or a chemical reaction:
Phy. CR Phy CR
Butter melting Freezing water to make ice cubes
Burning butane Melting gold to make jewellery
Autumn leaves changing colour Digesting food
Perfume evaporate Fogging a mirror with your breath
Melting copper metal Cooking potatoes
Iron become oxide, rust Mixing sugar with coffee
Writing on paper Frying chicken
Burning papers Fruit changes its colour and
becomes darker.
3.
We
inhale
• N2,
78,4%
• O2,
20,8%
• CO2,
0,04%
• H2O
vapour,
0,76%
a. (0,5)
Draw
these
molecules.
b. (0,6)
Which
gasses
are
increased
and
which
are
reduced
when
we
exhale?
• Increase:
• Decrease:
c. (0,6)
Why
we
need
to
breath
oxygen?
What
kind
of
chemical
reaction
is
produced
with
the
oxygen?
Write
the
chemical
equation.
d. (0,5)
In
winter
the
air’s
temperature
is
about
15ºC,
what
happens
to
the
air
that
we
inhale
if
our
lungs
are
at
36ºC?
4. (0,4) Fill de gaps:
Men feed on organic matter that is already elaborated, and then man can be
classified as ___________. Men eat meat and vegetables, so he is __________.
All the processes that enable living things to obtain energy we call
___________.
Some living things produce their own food and we name them ____________,
for example _____________.
5. (0,4) How do the plants make their own food?
23. 23
6. (0,5) Explain how a hot air balloon works?
a. (0,5)
What happens to the molecules inside the balloon when the air is
heated?
b. (0,5)
What happens to the density of air inside the balloon?
7. (1,2)
Explain what would happen if suddenly the carbon dioxide disappear from the
Earth atmosphere.
a. To plants. Why?
b. To the Earth. Why?
8. (0,8)
What
will
happen
if
the
amount
of
carbon
dioxide
is
greatly
increased
in
the
atmosphere?
Name
and
explain
this
effect.
9. (1,0)
What
would
happen
if
the
Sun’s
rays
couldn’t
arrive
to
the
Earth?
a. Plants.
b. Water.
10. (0,5)
Explain
what
are
the
convection
currents.
11. (0,5)
What produces the convection currents in the Earth’s Mantle?
12. (0,5)
Why are tectonic plates moving? Draw scheme.