A mandatory assignment for a course I am taking.

1. H U M A N D E V E L O P M E N T
B Y : R H I E C E C O R D E S
P A R E N T A L I N F L U E N C E O N T H E D E V E L O P M E N T O F
C H I L D R E N

2. • Like everything in psychology both nature and nurture contribute
to social and personality development.
• Parents are often the main influential figures as a child develops.
• Certain parents nurture certain tempérament and personalities.
• The proper development of social and relationship skills relies
mainly on the attachments formed with parents.
• These attachments must be made during infancy.

3. A T T A C H M E N T T H E O R Y
• A N A T T A C H M E N T I S A N E M O T I O N A L B O N D I N
W H I C H A P E R S O N ’ S S E N S E O F S E C U R I T Y I S
B O U N D U P I N A R E L A T I O N S H I P .
• P A R E N T S A N D T H E I R C H I L D R E N M U S T
E N G A G E I N S Y N C H R O N Y I N O R D E R T O F O R M
A S E C U R E A T T A C HM E N T .
• S Y N C H R O N Y D E S C R I B E S A L E A R N E D
I N T E R A C T I O N B E T W E E N P A R E N T S A N D T H E I R
C H I L D R E N . T H I S I N V O L V E S T H E C H I L D O R
I N F A N T D I S P L A Y I N G W H A T T H E Y W A N T O R
N E E D . T H E P A R E N T T H E N A C T S
A C C O R D I N G L Y .
• P A R E N T A L A T T A C H M E N T S F O R M E D
T H R O U G H O U T C H I L D H O O D C A N D E T E R M I N E
S U C C E S S O R F A I L U R E I N F U T UR E

4. P O S T A T T A C H M E N T
Once a baby is attached to their primary care giver they will often exude
the following:
• Stranger anxiety
• Separation anxiety
• Social referencing
Often the primary caregiver is the mother as she is most frequently the
one to ensure the babies basic needs are met on a daily basis. Fathers
who take on the role of meeting the basic needs of the child may also
become the primary caregiver. Fathers however, are statistically more
likely to engage in physical play with infants.

5. S E C U R E V S I N S E C U R E
A T T A C H M E N T S
There are four different types of attachment that a child may develop with their
primary caregiver’s:
• Secure attachement
• Avoidant attachement
• Ambivalent attachment
• Disorganized/disorientated attachement
A secure attachment dependant on consistency within the home. For an
attachment to shift from secure to insecure there must be a major change in
the child’s life. An insecure attachment will negatively affect the individual for
the rest of their lives.

6. I N S E C U R E A T T A C H M E N T S
An insecure attachment may be
caused by the following:
• Emotional unresponsiveness
• Marital status and
socioeconomic status
inconsistency
• Mental health issues among
parents

7. P A R E N T I N G S T Y L E S
Parenting types can determine aspects of a child’s
personality. There are four main types of parenting.
Each type produces a different outcome.
• Authoritarian - Demanding and controlling. Lacks
emotional warmth.
• Authoritative - The best outcomes result from this
type of parenting. Has a high level of acceptance
and a high level of demand as opposed to an
authoritarian with only a high level of demand.
• Permissive - This type of parenting has a low
level of demand and a high level of acceptance.
Children who are parented this way have issues
with responsibility.
• Uninvolved - The uninvolved parent has a low
level of acceptance and demand. Virtually the
parent pays little to no attention to the child.

8. F A M I L Y S T R U C T U R E
• I T I S I M P O R T A N T T O U N D E R S T A N D T H A T F A M I L Y
S T R U C T U R E H A S A M A J O R I M P A C T O N T H E D E V E L O P M E N T
O F A C H I L D .
• T H O S E W H O S T R A Y F R O M T H E C O N V E N T I O N A L T W O
P A R E N T H O M E M A Y S T I L L R A I S E A C H I L D E F F E C T I V E L Y .
H O W E V E R , T H E Y A R E F A C E D W I T H M O R E C H A L L E N G E S
T H A N T H E A V E R A G E T W O P A R E N T H O M E .
• I N 1 9 8 1 T H E P E R C E N T A G E O F T W O P A R E N T H O M E S W A S
8 4 % A S O F 2 0 1 1 I T H A D F A L L E N T O 6 4 % .

9. D I V O R C E
• A divorce in the family can be a very traumatic experience for a child.
Many of the factors that are associated with divorce have the greatest
negative affect on the child. These include:
• Parental conflict
• Poverty
• disruptions of the daily routine

10. M A L T R E A T M E N T
• Children that suffer from maltreatment struggle to develop normally.
• Types of maltreatment include:
• Neglect
• Violence
• Physical abuse
• Emotional Maltreatment
• Sexual abuse

11. M A L T R E A T M E N T C O N ’ T
• Parents who mistreat their children are usually suffering
themselves. The most common reasons for child maltreatment
are as follows.
• Uneducated
• Mental health issues
• Substance abuse
• Abused themselves as children
• Poverty

12. M A L T R E A T M E N T E F F E C T S
• Children who endure abuse
are likely to develop PTSD.
• Victims of abuse are more
likely to turn to substance
abuse.
• Brains of abused children are
often slow or unable to fully
develop due to the amount of
stress that they have
experienced. This can cause
problems in school and future
work environments.

13. C O N C L U S I O N
• Despite the aspects of nature that contribute to the
development of children it is evident that children are
shaped by their parents.
• It is important to take into account the impact that
parents have on their children. Parental figures
influence their children with every interaction. This is
why it is crucial to ensure these actions are of a
positive nature.

14. I N T E R E S T I N G
• These concepts are very interesting to me for the way
we have all been raised is something we carry with us
for our entire lives.
• The way we have been parented is essentially who we
are. Our parents teach us our values and beliefs. We
learn our mannerisms for our parents. Though we may
stray away from certain aspects of our childhood as
we experience new things on our own we are prone to
avert back to what is familiar.

15. F U T U R E
• I find it particularly intriguing to consider the childhood of those
who are the most troubled in life. I want to be able to
understand why people are the way that they are.
• Someday I hope to able to apply this knowledge to my career.
I want to help people who are struggling in life. Even though
their are many other factors that contribute to mental illness
and depression I strongly believe that their are many
individuals that are unable to deal with their childhood’s.
Individuals that I have come across are often still seeking what
they did not receive from their parents as kids. I hope to be
able to help these people obtain peace in their lives.

16. R E F E R E N C E S
• http://www.ask.com/family/percentage-serial-killers-
bad-childhoods-667f68b23d5cf17bhttp:
• soundforschools.co.uk/2014/06/03/child-able-hear-
school-questions-parents/
• http://gogetfunding.com/child-abuse-and-neglect-
prevention-charity/
• http://relateinstitute.com/3-warning-signs-that-predict-
divorce-early-in-a-relationship/