The document discusses several HTML tags including <a> for hyperlinks, <abbr> for abbreviations, <address> for contact information, <audio> for embedding sounds, <b> for bold text, <button> for clickable buttons, <data> for machine-readable values, <dialog> for pop-up dialog boxes, <div> for sections, <form> for forms, and <input> for different form input fields. Each tag is accompanied by an example and brief definition of its usage.