HPLC is a new age technology and this presentation gives insight about it.It is used in agriculture,medical,pharmaceutical etc.for detection of various molecules of economic importance.
Reference:-https://www.advancechemjournal.com/apdf/aac-aid1026.pdf
HPLC stands for “High-performance liquid chromatography”(sometimes referred to as High-pressure liquid chromatography).
High performance liquid chromatography is a powerful tool in analysis, it yields high performance and high speed compared to traditional columns chromatography because of the forcibly pumped mobile phase.
It is used in biochemistry and analytical chemistry to identify, quantify and purify the individual components of a mixture.
The presentation contains basic introduction to mostly used and versatile reversed phase chromatography, its instrumentation, working and applications. It will be useful for you to understand basic concepts about RP-HPLC.
Instrumentation of HPLC, principle by kk sahuKAUSHAL SAHU
INTRODUCTION
Instrumentation of HPLC
TYPES OF HPLC
PARAMETERS
APPLICATION
CONCLUSION
REFERENCE
High-performance liquid chromatography ( HPLC) is a specific form of column chromatography generally used in biochemistry and analysis to separate, identify, and quantify the active compounds.
HPLC mainly utilizes a column that holds packing material (stationary phase), a pump that moves the mobile phase(s) through the column, and a detector that shows the retention times of the molecules.
An introduction to HPLC(High Performance LIquid Chromatography) was depicted in the presentation.
Simultaneously, the each and every component of HPLC was explained by depicting with a diagram in the slide.
The key notes are also included in the presentation.
Content include basic introduction to chromatography. Brief view of Liquid Chromatography. HPLC introduction, other names, types of HPLC, detailed instrumentation with image of each part, and applications. Sources of content described in 'References' entitled slide. This presentation was prepared for the partial fulfillment of Master of Pharmacy.
HPLC stands for “High-performance liquid chromatography”(sometimes referred to as High-pressure liquid chromatography).
High performance liquid chromatography is a powerful tool in analysis, it yields high performance and high speed compared to traditional columns chromatography because of the forcibly pumped mobile phase.
It is used in biochemistry and analytical chemistry to identify, quantify and purify the individual components of a mixture.
The presentation contains basic introduction to mostly used and versatile reversed phase chromatography, its instrumentation, working and applications. It will be useful for you to understand basic concepts about RP-HPLC.
Instrumentation of HPLC, principle by kk sahuKAUSHAL SAHU
INTRODUCTION
Instrumentation of HPLC
TYPES OF HPLC
PARAMETERS
APPLICATION
CONCLUSION
REFERENCE
High-performance liquid chromatography ( HPLC) is a specific form of column chromatography generally used in biochemistry and analysis to separate, identify, and quantify the active compounds.
HPLC mainly utilizes a column that holds packing material (stationary phase), a pump that moves the mobile phase(s) through the column, and a detector that shows the retention times of the molecules.
An introduction to HPLC(High Performance LIquid Chromatography) was depicted in the presentation.
Simultaneously, the each and every component of HPLC was explained by depicting with a diagram in the slide.
The key notes are also included in the presentation.
Content include basic introduction to chromatography. Brief view of Liquid Chromatography. HPLC introduction, other names, types of HPLC, detailed instrumentation with image of each part, and applications. Sources of content described in 'References' entitled slide. This presentation was prepared for the partial fulfillment of Master of Pharmacy.
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...Sérgio Sacani
The ambient solar wind that flls the heliosphere originates from multiple
sources in the solar corona and is highly structured. It is often described
as high-speed, relatively homogeneous, plasma streams from coronal
holes and slow-speed, highly variable, streams whose source regions are
under debate. A key goal of ESA/NASA’s Solar Orbiter mission is to identify
solar wind sources and understand what drives the complexity seen in the
heliosphere. By combining magnetic feld modelling and spectroscopic
techniques with high-resolution observations and measurements, we show
that the solar wind variability detected in situ by Solar Orbiter in March
2022 is driven by spatio-temporal changes in the magnetic connectivity to
multiple sources in the solar atmosphere. The magnetic feld footpoints
connected to the spacecraft moved from the boundaries of a coronal hole
to one active region (12961) and then across to another region (12957). This
is refected in the in situ measurements, which show the transition from fast
to highly Alfvénic then to slow solar wind that is disrupted by the arrival of
a coronal mass ejection. Our results describe solar wind variability at 0.5 au
but are applicable to near-Earth observatories.
2. 2
INTRODUCTION :
• HPLC is an analytical technique used to separate, identify or quantify
each component in a mixture.
• The mixture is separated using the basic principle of column
chromatography and then identified and quantified by spectroscopy or
UV Detectors.
3. PRINCIPLE :
• It is the technique in which the components of a mixture are separated
based upon the rates at which they are carried or moved through a
stationary phase (column) by a gaseous or liquid mobile phase.
• The separation of a mixture into its components depends on different
degrees of retention of each component in the column.
• The extent to which a component is retained in the column is determined
by its partitioning between the liquid mobile phase and the stationary
phase.
3
4. INSTRUMENTATION IN HPLC :
4
• The Pump
• Injector
• Column
• Detector
• Recorder
• Column Heater
5. PUMP :
• The pump is positioned in the most upper stream of the liquid
chromatography system and generates a flow of eluent from the solvent
reservoir into the system.
• High-pressure generation is a “standard” requirement of pumps besides
which, it should also to be able to provide a consistent pressure at any
condition and a controllable and reproducible flow rate.
• Most pumps used in current LC systems generate the flow by back-and-
forth motion of a motor-driven piston (reciprocating pumps). Because of
this piston motion, it produces “pulses”.
6. INJECTOR :
• An injector is placed next to the pump.
• The injector can be a single injection or an automated injection system.
• An injector for an HPLC system should provide an injection of the liquid
sample within the range of 0.1-100 mL of volume with high
reproducibility and under high pressure (up to 4000 psi).
• The injector must also be able to withstand the high pressures of the
liquid system.
7. COLUMN :
• The separation is performed inside the column.
• Columns are usually made of polished stainless steel and are between
50 and 300 mm long, and have an internal diameter of between 2 and 5
mm.
• They are commonly filled with a stationary phase with a particle size of
3–10 μm. Columns with internal diameters of less than 2 mm are often
referred to as microbore columns.
• The temperature of the mobile phase and the column should be kept
constant during an analysis.
8. DETECTOR :
• The HPLC detector located at the end of the column detects the analytes
as they elute from the chromatographic column.
• The detector can see (detect) the individual molecules that come out
(elute) from the column.
• Commonly used detectors are evaporative light scattering, UV-
spectroscopy, fluorescence, mass-spectrometric and electrochemical
detectors.
9. ADVANTAGES :
• Separations are fast and efficient (high-resolution power).
• Continuous monitoring of the column effluent.
• It can be applied to the separation and analysis of very complex
mixtures.
• Accurate quantitative measurements.
• Repetitive and reproducible analysis using the same column.
• It provides a means for the determination of multiple components in a
single analysis and etc.
10. DISADVANTAGES :
• Very costive
• Low sensitivity for certain compounds
• Some cannot be detected as they are irreversibly adsorbed.
11. APPLICATIONS :
• For analysis of:-
• Fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, and K)
• Water-soluble vitamins (B-complex vitamins such as B1, B2, B3, B6, Folic acid, Pantothenic
acid, B12, Vitamin C)
• Residual pesticides such as 2, 4-D, and Monochrotophos.
• Antioxidants such as TBHQ, BHA, and BHT.
• Sugars: Glucose, Fructose, Maltose, and other saccharides
• Mycotoxins such as Aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, G2, M1, M2, and ochratoxin
• Amino acids
• Residual antibiotics,Steroids and flavonoids.
• Aspartame and other artificial sweeteners.
12. APPLICATIONS IN MEDICAL:
• Quantification of drugs in biological samples.
• Identification of steroids in blood, urine, etc.
• Determination of cocaine and other drugs of abuse in blood, urine, etc.
• Useful for diagnosing vitamin D deficiencies in children.
• Detection of molecules that are useful for clinical studies.
• Nutrient analysis.