Howard Gardner proposed the theory of multiple intelligences, which broadened the traditional view of intelligence as being only logical-mathematical. Gardner's theory identified eight types of intelligence that individuals may possess to varying degrees: linguistic, logical-mathematical, musical, bodily-kinesthetic, spatial, interpersonal, intrapersonal, naturalist, and existential. The theory of multiple intelligences is important as it allows for differing strengths in students to be identified and contradicts the idea that intelligence can be fully measured by IQ.