Balu Balakrishnan, CEO of Power Integrations, presented at the International Conference on Standby Power in New Delhi, India. He discussed how improving power supply efficiency and product power management can significantly reduce energy waste and save billions. Power Integrations' proprietary technologies like TOPSwitch, TinySwitch, and LinkSwitch have helped improve the efficiency of over 70% of AC-DC power supplies. Their digital ON/OFF and multi-mode PWM control methods allow for high efficiency over wide load ranges. Standards for energy efficiency are also increasing with some OEMs demanding even tighter requirements to reduce environmental impact.

1. Meeting Energy Efficiency Standards
Balu Balakrishnan
President and CEO
Power Integrations
International Conference on Standby Power
New Delhi, India April 3, 2008

2. International Standby Conference April 3, 2008 Slide# 2
The Leader in High Voltage AC-DC Power
Conversion ICs
• Revolutionary products
– TOPSwitch®, TinySwitch®, LinkSwitch®
• Pioneer in energy efficiency (EcoSmart®)
– $2.7 billion saved in energy waste to date
• Products address 70% of all AC-DC power supplies
• Shipping > 650 million ICs per year

3. International Standby Conference April 3, 2008 Slide# 3
Cost-Effective Integration
36-watt discrete adapter:
75 discrete components

4. International Standby Conference April 3, 2008 Slide# 4
Cost-Effective Integration
36-watt adapter with a PI chip: 25
components

5. International Standby Conference April 3, 2008 Slide# 5
Power Integrations - India
• Established in 1995
– 600+ customers
– 2 distributors (Spectra Innovations, SM
Electronics & Components)
• 1 more to be added in 2008
• Applications design lab in Bangalore
– Conducted EMI test capability
• Localized design support
– Customized designs for India mains
– Design seminars

6. International Standby Conference April 3, 2008 Slide# 6
Reducing Standby Power – Two Components
Internal or external
AC
Mains Standby
Power
Power Conversion
Improve power supply
efficiency in standby
• Each area can contribute to significant energy savings
• Many products need attention to both areas for maximum savings
– Power supply to improve standby efficiency
– Power management to reduce consumption in standby
?
Usable DC
Power
Power Management
Reduce power
consumption in standby
Power Management
Reduce power
consumption in standby
Power Management
Reduce power
consumption in standby
Set-top box,TV, DVD…etc
?
Usable DC
Power
Power Management
Reduce power
consumption in standby
Power Management
Reduce power
consumption in standby
Power Management
Reduce power
consumption in standby
Set-top box,TV, DVD…etc

7. International Standby Conference April 3, 2008 Slide# 7
Importance of Power Supply Standby Efficiency
Power supply Total input Loss in Power used by
standby efficiency power Power supply the product
33% 1.5 W 1.0 W 0.5W
67% 0.75 W 0.25 W 0.5W
• Doubling Standby Efficiency Saves: 0.75 W

8. International Standby Conference April 3, 2008 Slide# 8
A Good Example of Power Management
• Inexpensive phone (free with contract)
• Transmits and receives constantly
• Consumes only 20 mW in standby (180 hours)
• Consumes 1.15 W during calls (3 hours)
• On:Standby consumption ratio is 60:1
Demonstrates what can be achieved through
cost- effective power management

9. International Standby Conference April 3, 2008 Slide# 9
Switchers Offer High Efficiency
Switchers offer much higher efficiency at cost-parity with linears
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Load
Efficiency
Classic PWM Switcher
Linear Transformer
Ideal

10. International Standby Conference April 3, 2008 Slide# 10
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Efficiency
Load
EcoSmart
Fixed Frequency PWM
Ideal
Classic PWM Switcher
EcoSmart Cost Effectively Improves Stand-by and
Active Mode Efficiency

11. International Standby Conference April 3, 2008 Slide# 11
Two Control Methods Cover All Power Ranges
Power Range Architecture Control Method
0 - 30 W Single supply Digital ON/OFF control
20 – 200 W Single supply Multi-Mode PWM
control
>150 W Dual supply Digital ON/OFF control
(for 0 - 50 W standby
supply)

12. International Standby Conference April 3, 2008 Slide# 12
Digital ON/OFF Control

13. International Standby Conference April 3, 2008 Slide# 13
Digital ON/OFF Control
• Each ON cycle delivers full power
– Cycles are disabled (OFF cycles) as needed to maintain regulation
• Provides virtually constant efficiency over entire load range
– Effective switching frequency proportional to load
• Much simpler than PWM control
• Meets 300mW no-load without bias winding
Enable signal sampled each cycle

14. International Standby Conference April 3, 2008 Slide# 14
Less Than 30mW No-load With Bias Winding
• Three parts reduce no-load consumption from ~300 mW to 30 mW
– Energy saving is 27 cents per year
– Component cost is 1 cent - about 5 cents at retail
– Payback period only 2.2 months

15. International Standby Conference April 3, 2008 Slide# 15
32 W (85 W Peak) Printer Power Supply
Greater than 70% efficiency at 1 W input

16. International Standby Conference April 3, 2008 Slide# 16
Constant Efficiency Over a Wide Power Range
• Average frequency automatically adjusted for line/load condition
– Constant efficiency operation over entire line and load range
Sleep Mode
(PIN=3 W)
Standby Mode
(PIN=1 W)
Active-on load range
(PO=8, 16, 24, 32 W)

17. International Standby Conference April 3, 2008 Slide# 17
Multi-Mode PWM Control

18. International Standby Conference April 3, 2008 Slide# 18
Optimizing Operating Mode vs. Load
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Pout normalized to 46 W
Efficiency
115 VAC
230 VAC
Standby/Sleep Mode
Active-on load range
Full Frequency PWMVariable Frequency PWMLow Fixed
Frequency
PWM
Multi-Cycle Modulation

19. International Standby Conference April 3, 2008 Slide# 19
Multi-Mode PWM Control Example
46 W LCD Monitor Supply

20. International Standby Conference April 3, 2008 Slide# 20
Standby Power Supply
(Digital ON/OFF Control)

21. International Standby Conference April 3, 2008 Slide# 21
20 W PC Standby Supply
67% efficiency at 1 W input

22. International Standby Conference April 3, 2008 Slide# 22
Usable Output Power
INPUT
POWER
3 W
2 W
1 W
PC Standby Supply
AVAILABLE
OUTPUT
POWER
2.3 W
(eff 77%)
1.48 W
(eff 74%)
0.67 W
(eff 67%)

23. International Standby Conference April 3, 2008 Slide# 23
Industry Begins Driving Energy Efficiency Specs
• Proposed Energy Efficiency Index
for Mobile Phones
– Driven by major OEMs
– Suppliers commit by 2008 with
updates every 3 years
• Self certification
– Uses ENERGY STAR test method
• Star rating to be shown on
product or user guide
• Tighter than current standards
Scoring No-load power
consumption
≤ 0.03 W
> 0.03 W to 0.1 W
> 0.1 W to 0.2 W
> 0.2 W to 0.3 W
> 0.3 W to 0.5 W
No stars > 0.5 W

24. International Standby Conference April 3, 2008 Slide# 24
Conclusions
• Increasing trend towards mandatory standards
– Energy efficiency: quick & painless way to slow down global warming
• Some OEMs demanding even tighter requirements
– Proactively exploiting available technology
• Two components to reducing standby consumption
– Power supply efficiency in standby
– Product power management
• Power supply standby efficiency is essentially free
– Design objective, not necessarily a cost issue

25. International Standby Conference April 3, 2008 Slide# 25
www.powerint.com