How To Lie With Statistics Chapter 10
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This document discusses ways to identify potential biases in data presentations. It notes that presenters may selectively choose favorable data and emphasize conclusions that support their own bias. It also advises readers to consider whether the sample size of any studies or surveys is large enough to support reliable conclusions. Readers are warned to watch out for switches between raw data and conclusions, as increases in reported cases do not necessarily mean increases in actual cases. Finally, the document stresses that while historical trends can be factual, projecting future trends based on the past is merely an educated guess.
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The relative ability is often overestimated by the overconfident
individuals and so probabilistically, their perceptions for their
actions seem to be safer to them in comparison to those who
show no overconfidence. Interesting findings are shown in the
sample of 2,944 entrepreneurs there are as many as 81%
people who feel their chances of obtaining success are at least
70%, there are 33% other people with a belief that the
probability of 100% exists in terms of their chances of success.
The truth is that, as many as 75% new businesses fail to
exist after 5 years. Here arises a question that, are the
entrepreneurs not in a position to see the risk, or do they carry
a different perception of the risk involved in their acts? Going
through a recent study, it is clear that the entrepreneurs are
very much cautious (even more than what we think) and the
opinion that entrepreneurs have more tolerance for risk is
considered wrong in the findings.
There are few cases though, where entrepreneurs seem to
bear less risk than normal, still it does not stop them to take
risk.
Some people find these findings controversial, but the
truth is that, it is not the case. Different dimensions are set by
entrepreneurs for uncertainty; therefore, the oxymoron as
discussed above in reality justifies their actions.
As per the belief of entrepreneurs, there are two
dimensions of uncertainty: Uncertainty related to the ability
and the uncertainty of the market. Just like most of the people,
entrepreneurs too hate the market risk, however they do
appreciate their own abilities that results in compensating for
their hatred for risk. The main objective of this paper is to
showcase the impact of overconfidence in the behavior of
entrepreneur. Applying HealthNewsReview.org criteria
This is the presentation I made to the National Cancer Institute's Cancer Research in the Media workshop for Latin American journalists in Guadalajara on November 8, 2011. It is step-by-step advice about things to consider about each of the 10 criteria we apply to the review of health care news stories about treatments, tests, products & procedures.
Supershrinks: An Interview with Scott Miller about What Clinicians can Learn ...
The document summarizes an interview between Dr. David Van Nuys and Dr. Scott Miller about what really works in therapy. Some key points:
1) Dr. Miller argues that while different therapeutic approaches work, there is little evidence that diagnostic categories predict treatment outcomes or what approach works best for a specific diagnosis.
2) Research shows that on average, clients who receive treatment improve more than 80% of untreated clients, but debates over diagnostic systems and treatment approaches obscure this fact.
3) The rise of managed care and evidence-based practices has intensified debates over diagnoses and approaches, even though these factors have little bearing on outcomes according to research.
4) Dr. Miller advocates shifting the
Making decisions about therapies
This document provides guidance on making decisions about HIV treatment. It emphasizes the importance of choosing an experienced doctor, developing a relationship with that doctor, and getting informed about HIV and treatment options. It recommends learning about HIV and options before treatment is needed in order to make informed decisions. Sources like Project Inform can provide objective information to help with the decision-making process.
InnaMed Introducation
We’re creating a home blood testing device that with one finger prick, tells you:
(1) What your major health indicators are
(2) Whether they’re at healthy levels or not
(3) If they’re problematic, then recommendations on how to improve your health, and the option to send those results to a doctor
Instant and accurate results for you, your family, and those you care about.
Spri workshop on oncology trial enrollment tools
This document discusses strategies for improving patient enrollment in clinical trials. It notes that only a small percentage of cancer patients participate in trials currently. The workshop aims to share ideas that have worked for enrollment as well as new tools and methods that could be explored. Suggestions include revising informed consent forms to use plain language and visual aids, educating patients and physicians, using new technologies and community outreach, and focusing on customized education and communication rather than one-size-fits-all approaches. The goal is to move beyond traditional methods that have not proven effective and to empower sites and sponsors to find patients rather than hope patients find them.
PCDD – A Roadmap
This document discusses patient-centered drug development and clinical trials. It defines patient centricity as meaningfully including patients, particularly in trial protocol design, and linking clinical trial goals with patients' needs and experiences. It emphasizes measuring what matters to patients. While patient centricity is seen as important, there is no consensus on how to measure it. The document explores definitions of patient centricity, challenges in measuring it, examples of companies working to include the patient voice, and the need for new approaches to drug development that place greater focus on the patient experience.
PCDD – A Roadmap
This document discusses patient-centered drug development and clinical trials. It defines patient centricity as meaningfully including patients, particularly in designing trial protocols, and linking clinical trial goals with patients' needs and experiences. It emphasizes measuring what matters to patients. While patient centricity is seen as important, there is no consensus on how to measure it. The document explores how companies are working to include the patient voice, such as through patient advisory boards and surveys to capture patient perceptions and experiences in clinical trials. It argues that simply talking about patient centricity is not enough, and that meaningful action is needed to achieve it.
World without cancer - the story of vitamin b17
WORLD WITHOUT CANCER
The Story of Vitamin B17
DEDICATION
This book is dedicated to the memory of Dr. Ernst T. Krebs, Jr.,
and John A. Richardson, M.D. When confronted by the power and malice of entrenched scientific error, they did not flinch. While others scampered for protective shelter, they moved to the front line of battle. May the telling of their deeds help to arouse an indignant public which, alone, can break the continuing hold of their enemies over our lives and our health.
Building a patient:doctor relationship
This document discusses building cooperative relationships between patients and doctors in treating HIV/AIDS. It emphasizes that patients should take an active role in their healthcare by learning about their condition, preparing for appointments, and openly communicating their needs and viewpoints to their doctor. Doctors are encouraged to support their patients' interests, be flexible in their responses, and describe multiple perspectives on issues to establish trust and shared decision making. The document provides tips for both parties on how to handle disagreements respectfully.
Www non12steprehabs org_blog_2014_doctor-shopping
1) Doctor shopping involves patients visiting multiple physicians to obtain prescription drugs illicitly or continue abusing medications. It is a major contributor to the rise in prescription drug overdoses.
2) Rates of doctor shopping vary widely in studies but can be as high as 56% based on definitions. Patients seek multiple prescriptions to build up tolerance or fill the same prescription at different pharmacies to avoid suspicion.
3) Reasons for doctor shopping include psychological dependence on drugs, lack of treatment improvement or understanding, and factors like long wait times or strict physicians that push patients to seek care elsewhere. Monitoring programs and education can help address this problem.
Similar to How To Lie With Statistics Chapter 10 (20)
Best recruitment strategies for elderly patients in clinical trials
Best recruitment strategies for elderly patients in clinical trials
Lesson 3 Separation of Fact From FictionObjectives· Define .docx
Lesson 3 Separation of Fact From FictionObjectives· Define .docx
How to combat misinformation on vaccines and other public health issues
How to combat misinformation on vaccines and other public health issues
10 healthcare marketing statistics that matter now
10 healthcare marketing statistics that matter now
UNDERSTANDING ENTREPRENEURSHIP: IMPACT OF OVERCONFIDENCE ON ENTREPRENEURSHIP
UNDERSTANDING ENTREPRENEURSHIP: IMPACT OF OVERCONFIDENCE ON ENTREPRENEURSHIP
Supershrinks: An Interview with Scott Miller about What Clinicians can Learn ...
Supershrinks: An Interview with Scott Miller about What Clinicians can Learn ...
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The state of welfare Resolution Foundation Event
How has Britain’s safety net changed since 2010 and what comes next?
Independent Study - College of Wooster Research (2023-2024)
"Does Foreign Direct Investment Negatively Affect Preservation of Culture in the Global South? Case Studies in Thailand and Cambodia."
Do elements of globalization, such as Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), negatively affect the ability of countries in the Global South to preserve their culture? This research aims to answer this question by employing a cross-sectional comparative case study analysis utilizing methods of difference. Thailand and Cambodia are compared as they are in the same region and have a similar culture. The metric of difference between Thailand and Cambodia is their ability to preserve their culture. This ability is operationalized by their respective attitudes towards FDI; Thailand imposes stringent regulations and limitations on FDI while Cambodia does not hesitate to accept most FDI and imposes fewer limitations. The evidence from this study suggests that FDI from globally influential countries with high gross domestic products (GDPs) (e.g. China, U.S.) challenges the ability of countries with lower GDPs (e.g. Cambodia) to protect their culture. Furthermore, the ability, or lack thereof, of the receiving countries to protect their culture is amplified by the existence and implementation of restrictive FDI policies imposed by their governments.
My study abroad in Bali, Indonesia, inspired this research topic as I noticed how globalization is changing the culture of its people. I learned their language and way of life which helped me understand the beauty and importance of cultural preservation. I believe we could all benefit from learning new perspectives as they could help us ideate solutions to contemporary issues and empathize with others.
Governor Olli Rehn: Inflation down and recovery supported by interest rate cu...
Governor Olli Rehn
Bank of Finland
Press conference on the outlook for the Finnish economy
Helsinki, 11 June 2024
Using Online job postings and survey data to understand labour market trends
Using Online job postings and survey data to understand labour market trendsLabour Market Information Council | Conseil de l’information sur le marché du travail
[4:55 p.m.] Bryan Oates
OJPs are becoming a critical resource for policy-makers and researchers who study the labour market. LMIC continues to work with Vicinity Jobs’ data on OJPs, which can be explored in our Canadian Job Trends Dashboard. Valuable insights have been gained through our analysis of OJP data, including LMIC research lead
Suzanne Spiteri’s recent report on improving the quality and accessibility of job postings to reduce employment barriers for neurodivergent people.
Decoding job postings: Improving accessibility for neurodivergent job seekers
Improving the quality and accessibility of job postings is one way to reduce employment barriers for neurodivergent people.Seeman_Fiintouch_LLP_Newsletter_Jun_2024.pdf
The Impact of the 2024 Indian
Election Beyond Borders
01. Investment Gyan
02. Market Update
03. Inspiration investment story
Bridging the gap: Online job postings, survey data and the assessment of job ...
Bridging the gap: Online job postings, survey data and the assessment of job ...Labour Market Information Council | Conseil de l’information sur le marché du travail
OJP data from firms like Vicinity Jobs have emerged as a complement to traditional sources of labour demand data, such as the Job Vacancy and Wages Survey (JVWS). Ibrahim Abuallail, PhD Candidate, University of Ottawa, presented research relating to bias in OJPs and a proposed approach to effectively adjust OJP data to complement existing official data (such as from the JVWS) and improve the measurement of labour demand.What's a worker’s market? Job quality and labour market tightness
What's a worker’s market? Job quality and labour market tightnessLabour Market Information Council | Conseil de l’information sur le marché du travail
In a tight labour market, job-seekers gain bargaining power and leverage it into greater job quality—at least, that’s the conventional wisdom.
Michael, LMIC Economist, presented findings that reveal a weakened relationship between labour market tightness and job quality indicators following the pandemic. Labour market tightness coincided with growth in real wages for only a portion of workers: those in low-wage jobs requiring little education. Several factors—including labour market composition, worker and employer behaviour, and labour market practices—have contributed to the absence of worker benefits. These will be investigated further in future work.Discover the Future of Dogecoin with Our Comprehensive Guidance
Learn in-depth about Dogecoin's trajectory and stay informed with 36crypto's essential and up-to-date information about the crypto space.
Our presentation delves into Dogecoin's potential future, exploring whether it's destined to skyrocket to the moon or face a downward spiral. In addition, it highlights invaluable insights. Don't miss out on this opportunity to enhance your crypto understanding!
https://36crypto.com/the-future-of-dogecoin-how-high-can-this-cryptocurrency-reach/
1比1复刻(ksu毕业证书)美国堪萨斯州立大学毕业证本科文凭证书原版一模一样
原版定制【微信:bwp0011】《(ksu毕业证书)美国堪萨斯州立大学毕业证本科文凭证书》【微信:bwp0011】成绩单 、雅思、外壳、留信学历认证永久存档查询，采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信bwp0011】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信bwp0011】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）】
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
RMIT University degree offer diploma Transcript
澳洲RMIT毕业证书制作RMIT假文凭定制Q微168899991做RMIT留信网教留服认证海牙认证改RMIT成绩单GPA做RMIT假学位证假文凭高仿毕业证申请墨尔本皇家理工大学RMIT University degree offer diploma Transcript
Ending stagnation: How to boost prosperity across Scotland
A toxic combination of 15 years of low growth, and four decades of high inequality, has left Britain poorer and falling behind its peers. Productivity growth is weak and public investment is low, while wages today are no higher than they were before the financial crisis. Britain needs a new economic strategy to lift itself out of stagnation.
Scotland is in many ways a microcosm of this challenge. It has become a hub for creative industries, is home to several world-class universities and a thriving community of businesses – strengths that need to be harness and leveraged. But it also has high levels of deprivation, with homelessness reaching a record high and nearly half a million people living in very deep poverty last year. Scotland won’t be truly thriving unless it finds ways to ensure that all its inhabitants benefit from growth and investment. This is the central challenge facing policy makers both in Holyrood and Westminster.
What should a new national economic strategy for Scotland include? What would the pursuit of stronger economic growth mean for local, national and UK-wide policy makers? How will economic change affect the jobs we do, the places we live and the businesses we work for? And what are the prospects for cities like Glasgow, and nations like Scotland, in rising to these challenges?
在线办理(GU毕业证书)美国贡萨加大学毕业证学历证书一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(GU毕业证书)美国贡萨加大学毕业证学历证书》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Independent Study - College of Wooster Research (2023-2024) FDI, Culture, Glo...
Independent Study - College of Wooster Research (2023-2024) FDI, Culture, Glo...AntoniaOwensDetwiler
"Does Foreign Direct Investment Negatively Affect Preservation of Culture in the Global South? Case Studies in Thailand and Cambodia."
Do elements of globalization, such as Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), negatively affect the ability of countries in the Global South to preserve their culture? This research aims to answer this question by employing a cross-sectional comparative case study analysis utilizing methods of difference. Thailand and Cambodia are compared as they are in the same region and have a similar culture. The metric of difference between Thailand and Cambodia is their ability to preserve their culture. This ability is operationalized by their respective attitudes towards FDI; Thailand imposes stringent regulations and limitations on FDI while Cambodia does not hesitate to accept most FDI and imposes fewer limitations. The evidence from this study suggests that FDI from globally influential countries with high gross domestic products (GDPs) (e.g. China, U.S.) challenges the ability of countries with lower GDPs (e.g. Cambodia) to protect their culture. Furthermore, the ability, or lack thereof, of the receiving countries to protect their culture is amplified by the existence and implementation of restrictive FDI policies imposed by their governments.
My study abroad in Bali, Indonesia, inspired this research topic as I noticed how globalization is changing the culture of its people. I learned their language and way of life which helped me understand the beauty and importance of cultural preservation. I believe we could all benefit from learning new perspectives as they could help us ideate solutions to contemporary issues and empathize with others.The Impact of Generative AI and 4th Industrial Revolution
This infographic explores the transformative power of Generative AI, a key driver of the 4th Industrial Revolution. Discover how Generative AI is revolutionizing industries, accelerating innovation, and shaping the future of work.
Tdasx: In-Depth Analysis of Cryptocurrency Giveaway Scams and Security Strate...
Tdasx: In-Depth Analysis of Cryptocurrency Giveaway Scams and Security Strategies
STREETONOMICS: Exploring the Uncharted Territories of Informal Markets throug...
Delve into the world of STREETONOMICS, where a team of 7 enthusiasts embarks on a journey to understand unorganized markets. By engaging with a coffee street vendor and crafting questionnaires, this project uncovers valuable insights into consumer behavior and market dynamics in informal settings."
OAT_RI_Ep20 WeighingTheRisks_May24_Trade Wars.pptx
How will new technology fields affect economic trade?
在线办理(TAMU毕业证书)美国德州农工大学毕业证PDF成绩单一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(TAMU毕业证书)美国德州农工大学毕业证PDF成绩单》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Optimizing Net Interest Margin (NIM) in the Financial Sector (With Examples).pdf
NIM is calculated as the difference between interest income earned and interest expenses paid, divided by interest-earning assets.
Importance: NIM serves as a critical measure of a financial institution's profitability and operational efficiency. It reflects how effectively the institution is utilizing its interest-earning assets to generate income while managing interest costs.
Fabular Frames and the Four Ratio Problem
Digital, interactive art showing the struggle of a society in providing for its present population while also saving planetary resources for future generations. Spread across several frames, the art is actually the rendering of real and speculative data. The stereographic projections change shape in response to prompts and provocations. Visitors interact with the model through speculative statements about how to increase savings across communities, regions, ecosystems and environments. Their fabulations combined with random noise, i.e. factors beyond control, have a dramatic effect on the societal transition. Things get better. Things get worse. The aim is to give visitors a new grasp and feel of the ongoing struggles in democracies around the world.
Stunning art in the small multiples format brings out the spatiotemporal nature of societal transitions, against backdrop issues such as energy, housing, waste, farmland and forest. In each frame we see hopeful and frightful interplays between spending and saving. Problems emerge when one of the two parts of the existential anaglyph rapidly shrinks like Arctic ice, as factors cross thresholds. Ecological wealth and intergenerational equity areFour at stake. Not enough spending could mean economic stress, social unrest and political conflict. Not enough saving and there will be climate breakdown and ‘bankruptcy’. So where does speculative design start and the gambling and betting end? Behind each fabular frame is a four ratio problem. Each ratio reflects the level of sacrifice and self-restraint a society is willing to accept, against promises of prosperity and freedom. Some values seem to stabilise a frame while others cause collapse. Get the ratios right and we can have it all. Get them wrong and things get more desperate.
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- 1. by : David K
- 2. Look for bias The presenter may look towards a selection of favorable data in an act to hide the data that really doesn’t support his conclusion. Who says so? Many times we hear a study from a universities, scientific laboratories, medical professional; should we believe it? Please note that while the data may have came from Cornell the conclusion is entirely dependent on the writer. So yes the study my be true but what the presenter wants to come a crossed may be emphasized and bias.
- 3. You need to ask yourself is the sample large enough to permit any reliable conclusion. The Journal polled 1200 large companies and only 14% replied and the other 86% did not care to say whether they were raising their prices. It came down to this 1200 companies polled 9% said they had not raised prices, 5% said they had and 86% would not say.
- 4. Watch out for a switch between raw figures and conclusion. For example more reported cases of a disease is not always the same thing as more cases of the disease. If a long term problem is being tackled, as a result of the efforts some cases recorded in other years would have been overlooked or unrecognized.
- 5. Its important to remember one thing the trend-to-now may be a fact but the future trend is no more than an educated guess. For example. The number of Television sets in American homes increased around 10,000 percent from 1947 to 1952. Project this for the next five years soon we will have 40 sets per family. Its like saying you can prove that soon every family will have 40,000 sets.