This document provides an overview of effective strategies for learning and practicing grammar. It outlines several steps for analyzing grammar, including reading titles, identifying sections, noticing examples and highlights, and identifying extra information. Some strategies discussed are identifying key words, drawing conclusions, paraphrasing, and completing exercises. The document also discusses grammar learning strategies like note taking, highlighting, and relating new concepts to prior knowledge. Different classroom techniques are presented, such as input enhancement, reproductive techniques, and creative techniques. Finally, some English grammar books and online tools are recommended for additional practice.

1. Yamith José Fandiño Parra
September 2021
SCHOOL OF EDUCATION SCIENCES
BA IN SPANISH AND FOREIGN LANGUAGES
How to learn and work with grammar
effectively

2. Objectives
• Follow the steps to analyze grammar
• Get familiar with how to analyze grammar
• Explore strategies, exercises and
techniques
• Know textbooks and websites.

3. Steps
1. Read the title

4. Steps
2. Identify the
sections

5. Steps
3. Look at the
examples

6. Steps
4. Notice the
highlights

7. Steps
5. Identify extra
information

8. Analyze and practice
grammar in exercises
 Identifying key words
 Drawing conclusions
 Paraphrasing

9. Grammar Practice
1. Read the instruction

10. Grammar Practice
2. Identify the prompts to be used.

11. Analyze and practice
grammar in conversations
 Find grammar topic
 Identify function and form
 Refer to the grammar chart

12. Natural Use
Find the grammar

13. Natural Use
Analyze function and
form

14. Grammar learning strategies
LANGUAGE LEARNING STRATEGIES
PRESENTATION
Notetaking:Writing down key concepts or explanations.
Highlighting: Using emphasis techniques, e.g., underlining, color-coding, etc.
Elaboration: Relating new information to prior knowledge.
Resourcing: Looking for and using varied materials.
Questions for clarification:Asking for repetition, clarification, or explanation.
COMPREHENSION
Selective attention: Paying attention to certain aspects of input language or details of the
situation.
Deduction: Paying attention to the rules or structured explained by teachers or provided by
coursebooks
Induction: Discovering grammar rules or structures by analyzing examples or doing exercises.
Inferencing: Using available information to guess the use of new grammar items (rule
discovery).
Analyzing contrastively: Comparing elements to determine similarities and differences.
Transfer: Using acquired linguistic knowledge to assist comprehension or production.

15. Grammar learning strategies
LANGUAGE LEARNING STRATEGIES
PRACTICE
Reception: Reading or listening to texts containing examples of a structure or rule.
Repetition: Imitating a language model, a rule, or a structure.
Grouping: Reordering, reclassifying or labeling the material based on common attributes.
Practicing:Working with different type of exercises and materials.
Recombination: Combining known elements in new ways.
Production: Using grammar rules or structures in dialogues, interactions or texts.
Contextualization: Using rules or structures to meet the needs of a particular situation.
Directed attention: Focusing on a task, ignoring disturbances.
Feedback: Paying attention to corrections or comments about the use of rules or
structures.
Self-monitoring:Correcting one’s speech or writing for accuracy and appropriateness.
Cooperation: Working with others to model a rule or structure or to obtain feedback.
Self-encouragement: Finding motives to learn and work with grammar despite
drawbacks.

16. Classroom techniques
Type Definition Examples
Input
enhancement
Get students to notice a
grammar topic.
Input flood (texts with lots of examples)
and textual enrichment (Changing the
font style, enlarging the character size,
underlining, bolding, capitalizing or
highlighting with colors)
Reproductive
techniques
Get students to repeat
structures or rules in a
controlled way.
Reproduce models in textbook exercises,
grammar books, websites, etc. // Doing
drilling exercises such as repetition,
substitution, transformation, etc.
Creative
techniques
Get students to Use
structures or rules freely
or spontaneously
Questioning activities, interviews,
discussions, problem-solving activities,
role plays and simulations, journals,
poems, speed writing, etc.

17. Classroom exercises
Write words to
complete a text
Choose the
correct option

18. Classroom exercises
Complete a gap
Word formation
Sentence formation

19. English Grammar books

20. OnlineTools
 https://www.englishgrammar.org/
 https://www.perfect-english-
grammar.com/index.html
 https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/grammar
 https://englishgrammarexercise.com/
 www.grammar-quizzes.com

21. References
Centro ColomboAmericano. (2014). How to approach grammar effectively.
https://www.colombobogota.edu.co/tag/aprendeingles/
Nunan, D. (2003).Grammar. In D. Nunan (ed.), Practical English language teaching
(pp. 153-172). Mcgraw Hill.
Pawlak, M. (2013). Researching grammar learning strategies: Combining the
macro and the micro perspective. In L. Salski et al., (eds), Perspectives on foreign
language learning (pp. 191-220). University of Lódz Press.
Pawlack, M. (2018). Grammar learning strategy inventory:Another look. Studies
in second language learning and teaching, 8(2), 351-379.