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General Aspects of Pharmaceutical And Physio-Pharmacology-
I (Pharma)
General Aspects of Pharmaceuticals
Over view of Pharmaceutical Industry
Introduction to human body, Organization of human body, Different system of human
body, Definitions and examples of different drug categories, composition and functions
of blood, cardiac cycle
Introduction to pharmacopoeias, Routes of drug administration, introduction to bio
pharmaceutics
Discussion of monographs and general test procedures and their importance, inorganic
chemicals of pharmaceutical importance with respect to their manufactures and uses,
assay methods
Books:
1. Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences, A.R.Gennaro Mac Pub. Co. Easton,
Pennsylvania 1990
2. Indian Pharmacopoiea, British Pharmacopoiea, United States Pharmacopoiea.
3. Bentely’s Textbook of Pharmaceutics, Rawlins, Cassell Ltd, London
Physio-Pharmacology-I
Hematinics, thrombolytics, coagulants / anticogulants
Digestive system antacids, purgatives
Structure and function of kidney,
diuretics Respiratory system
General pharmacology (ADME, routes of administration, MOA)
Bioassay: histamine and antihistaminic, Pharmacology and local anesthetics
Books:
1. “Anatomy Physiology”, C.C. Calcuttal Medical Allied agency, 1994
2. “Anatomy Physiology”, Toutora, 10th Johns Wiley and Sons, NY, 2003
3. “Pharmacology” Tripath, 4th Jaypee Brother New Delhi, 1999
4. “Pharmacology” Satoskar-Bhandarkar, Popular Prakshan, Mumbai, 2003
5. “Pharmacology” Seth, Churchill Livingestone, New Delhi, 1998
6. “Handbook of in Pharmacology”, S. K. Kulkarni, Vallabh Prakashan, New Delhi,
1999
10th
7. “Element of in Pharmacology”, Dr. R. K. Goyal, S. B. Shah,
Ahmadabad, 2003
Medicinal Chemistry I (Anti- Infective) And Physio-Pharmacology
(Pharma)
Physio-pharmacology- II
CNS and drugs acting on CNS
ANS and drugs acting on uterus, oral hypoglycemic, chemotherapy
Drugs used in hypertensive, vasodilator, Immunopharamcology
Books:
1. “Anatomy Physiology”, C.C. Chatergree, Calcuttal Medical Allied agency, 1994
2. “Anatomy Physiology”, Toutora, 10th Johns Wiley and Sons, NY, 2003
3. “Pharmacology” Tripath, 4th Jaypee Brother New Delhi, 1999
4. “Pharmacology” Satoskar-Bhandarkar, Popular Prakshan, Mumbai, 2003
5. “Pharmacology” Seth, Churchill Livingstone, New Delhi, 1998
6. “Handbook of in Pharmacology”, S.K.Kulkarni, Vallabh Prakashan,
New Delhi, 1999
10th
7. “Element of in Pharmacology”, Dr. R. K. Goyal, S. B. Shah,
Ahmadabad, 2000
quinoline, DHFR antagonists, antibiotics including stability and degradation
products, antiparasitic agents- antimalarial, antiamoebic, antihelminitic,
Medicinal Chemistry I (Anti-infective)
1. Introduction to Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
(a)Methods of classification of drugs based on structure and biological activity
Concept of acidity and basicity of drugs and pKa values. Introduction of
absorption distribution of drugs based on physicochemical properties
(b) Drug metabolism chemistry
2. Study of the chemistry of the following classes of drugs: nomenclature, classification,
SAR
(a) Anti-infective agents: antiseptic and disinfectant; antibacterial- sulfonamides,
antimycobactrial agents, antifungal agents, anticancer agents, antiviral agents
(b) Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents
Books:
1. Burger’s Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Discovery: Vol. 1 to 6; Ed.: A. Burger and
M. E. Wolff; John Wiley & Sons-New Jersey.
2. Foye’s Principles of Medicinal Chemistry; Ed.: W. O. Foye; Lippincott Williams
& Wilkins-Philadelphia.
3. Textbook of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Ed.: Charles Owens
Wilson; Lippincott Williams & Wilkins –Philadelphia.
4. Organic Synthesis-The Disconnection Approach; Ed.: Warren S.; John Wiley &
Sons-Chichester.
5. Pharmaceutical Substances: Synthesis, Patents, Applications (N-Z); Ed: A.
Kleemann; Georg Thieme Verlag-Stuttgart.
6. Strategies for Organic Drug Synthesis and Design; Ed.: Lednicer & Daniel; John
Willey & Sons Inc., New York.
7. Organic Chemistry of Drug Synthesis: Vol. 1 to 6; Ed.: Daniel Lednicer; John
Wiley & Sons Inc.- New York.
Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Synthesis Of Drug Molecules)
Pharmaceutical chemistry (Synthesis of Drug Molecules)
Retro synthesis analysis, concepts
(a) Retro synthetic analysis and synthesis of 30 drugs in the classes of anti-infective,
antihistaminic, CNS drugs, CVS drugs and NSAIDS with aromatic,
(b) Heterocyclic and fused ring systems giving approximate conditions and emphasis on
techno-commercial potential routes, synthesis of vitamins, peptide
Microbiology And Formulation Technology of Liquids And Topicals
Microbiology
Microscopy concept of magnification resolution, basis of light microscopes. Dyes and
stains, Observation of micro organisms under light microscopy-wet mount, hanging drop,
gram staining and acid fast stains. Cultivation and growth requirements, nutritional
aspects and other conditions. Basis of growth media classification-principles and
application. Concept of pure culture, clone, isolation, preservation and maintenance of
pure cultures. Basis of identification and characteristics of micro organisms-its relevance.
Basis morphology of a typical prokaryotic cell. Appendages external to cell wall, cell
membrane, cytoplasm and cell inclusions. Study of bacteria, yeast, mold, algae and
viruses-morphology, structure. Reproduction isolation, cultivation and metabolism,
Immunology-basic classification of antigen// antibody immunoglobulin, concept of
allergy-antigen and antibody reaction. Concept of vaccines- Manufacture of bacterial and
viral vaccines. Sterilization-methods and validation, aseptic techniques, sterility testing.
Disinfections and disinfectants, phenol coefficient tests.
Formulation Technology of Liquids And Topicals
Introduction and classification of pharmaceutical dosage forms
Preformaulation, formulation, evaluation, large scale manufacture and packageing with
focus on equipment with reference to liquid dosage forms; Monophasic solution syrups,
elixirs, Nasal and ear drops etc.
Biphasic suspensions and emulsions
Topiclas: ointments, creams, gels and suppositories
Layout design and Unit operations related to above dosage forms
Books:
1. Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms And Drug Delivery Systems, Ansel, Philadelphia,
Fea and Febiger, 1985
2. Introduction to Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, Ansel, Henry Kimpton Publishers,
London.
3. Pharmaceutical: The Science of Dosage Form Design, Aulton, New Delhi, B. I.
Naverly Pvt. Ltd., 1995
4. Dermatological Formulations, B. W. Barry, New York, Marcel Dekker 1983
5. Modern Pharmaceutics, G. S. Banker, New York, Marcel Dekker 1990
6. Bentely’s Textbook of Pharmaceutics, Rawlins, Cassell Ltd, London
anticancer agents, antiviral agents, (16)
Medicinal Chemistry II (Pharma)
(ANS, CNS and CVS-Drugs, Drug Design and Discovery)
ANS, CNS- Drugs
Study of the chemistry of the following classes of drugs including nomenclature,
classification, SAR, Synthesis:
(a) Drugs affecting neurotransmission-cholinergic
(b) Serotonergics and their antagonists
(c) General Anesthetics, hypnotics, anti-seizure drugs, Antipsychotic and
antianxiety agents, analgesics, anti-Parkinson drugs,
CVS-Drugs, Drug Design and Discovery
•Concept of drug action, receptor theory with relevant examples, enzymes and enzyme
inhibitors
•Modern methods of drug design and discovery, introduction to combinatorial
chemistry and CADD, antihistaminic including anti ulcer drugs
•Cardiovascular drugs Diuretics, anticoagulants, thrombolytics and antithrombotics,
cardiac agents, antihypertensive, antihyperlipidemics, local anesthetics, diagnostic agents
Books:
1. Burger’s Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Discover: Vol. 1 to 6; Ed.: A. Burger and M.
E. Wolf; John Wiley & Sons-New Jersey.
2. Foye’s Principles of Medicinal Chemistry; Ed.: W.O. Foye; Lippincott Williams &
Wilkins-Philadelphia.
3. Textbook of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Ed.: Charles Owens;
Lippincott Williams & Wilkins- Philadelphia.
4. Organic Synthesis- The Disconnection Approach; Ed.: Warren S.; John Wiley & Sons-
Chichester.
5. Pharmaceutical Substances: Synthesis, Patents, Applications (N-Z); Ed.: A.
Kleemann; Georg Thieme Verlag-Stuttgart.
6. Strategies for Organic Drug Synthesis and Design; Ed.: Lednicer & Daniel; John
Willey & Sons Inc.- New York.
7. Organic Chemistry of Drug Synthesis: Vol. 1 to 6; Ed.: Daniel Lednicer; John Wiley
& Sons Inc.- New York.
Technology of Solid Dosage Forms & Medicinal Natural
Products (Pharma)
Technology of Solid Dosage Forms
Performulation, Formulation, Evolution, Large scale manufacture and packing with focus
on equipment with reference to tablets
Coated tablets
Capsules: Hard gelatin and soft gelatin, microcapsules
Layout design and Unit operations related to above dosage forms
Books :
1. Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences, A. R. Gennaro Mac Pub. Co. Easton,
Pennsylvania 1990.
2. Indian Pharmacopoiea, British Pharmacopoiea, United States Pharmacopoiea
3. Coated Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, K. H. Bauer, CRC Press, Boca Raton. Med
Pharm.
4. Pharmaceutical Coating Technology, G. C. Cole, New York, Ellis, Horwood, 1990
5. Pulsed and Self-Regulated Drug Delivery, J. Kost, Florida, CRC Press, 1987
6. Extended Release Dosage Forms, - Klow Czynski, Florida, CRC Press, 1987
7. Treatise on Controlled Drug Delivery, A. Kydonieus CRC Press 1987
8. The Theory and Practice of Industrial Pharmacy, Lachman, Bombay, K. M. Warghese
Co. 1976
9. Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms Vol. I & II, Liebermann, New York, Marcel Dekker,
1996.
10. Hard Capsules: Development and Technology, K. Ridgway, London
Pharmaceutical Press 1987
Medicinal Natural Products (Pharma)
Scope of the subject, Source of the drug of natural origin, Classification of drug, factors
involved in the production of drugs.
Phytochemistry
Chemical constituents in the production of plants (carbohydrates, protein enzymes, lipids,
alkaloids, glycosides, steroids, tannins, terpenoids, flavonoids, plant pigments, etc)
Biosynthesis approach
Extraction and isolation of plant drugs: conventional and modern techniques used in
extraction and separation of phytoconstituents
Commerce and quality control, application of spectroscopy and chromatography
techniques for isolation, identification and analysis of phytoconstituents
Detailed study of one reprehensive from each of the above mentioned chemical class
(10drugs)
Recent advances in phytopharmaceuticals (topic of current interest)
Books:
1. Paul M. Dewick, Medicinal Natural Products, A Biosynthetic Approach, Chichester:
John Wiley and Sons, Ltd., 2nd Edn., 2002
2. G. E. Trease & W. C. Evans, Pharmacognosy Edinburdh: W. B. sauder, 15th Edn.,
2002
3. Varro E. Tyler, Lynn R. Brady, Hames E. Robbers, Pharmacognosy, Philadelphra :
Lea & Febiger, 8th Edn, 1981.
4. T. E. Wallis, A Text book of Pharmacognosy London : J & A Churchill Ltd., 5th Edn.,
1967
Chemistry of Natural Products
Vitamins: Classification, chemistry of biological role, synthesis
Hormones (other than steroid):Classification, chemistry of biological role, synthesis,
Bioactive peptides including peptide hormones: Chemistry of peptide, characterization,
protection of amino acids, Synthesis of peptides general, synthesis of peptide hormones,
Structure of poisonous peptides.
Terpines, terpinoids and carotinoids: Classification, occurrence, isolation,
characterization and chemistry of terpines, biologically active terpines. Terpines as
pharmaceutical raw materials.
Plant pigments:
Occurrence, classification, nomenclature, and structure,
Chemistry of biologically important flavanoids, Flavanoids as raw materials. Pyrethroids
and retinones: Occurrence, reactions, biological activity, structure and Chemistry
Eicosanoids:Classifications, nomenclature, and chemical propertoies, and biological
activity of Thromboxanes, Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes,
Marine Natural Products:
Introduction, occurrence and characteristic structural
features, And structure of few marine products.
Alkaloids and antibiotics will be covered elsewhere however An overview of these to be
given.
Porphyrins:Structure, general chemistry and properties, examples Haemoglobin,
chlorophyll, cytochromes, etc.
Few natural products from current literature that are having exciting Bioactivity to be
discussed in general irrespective to which class they belong.
Books:
1. Natural Products: chemistry and biological significance J. Mann,
R.S. Davidson, et. Al.
2. Insecticides of Natural Origin, Sukh Dev,
3. Introduction to Flavanoids, B,A. Bohm,
4. Many Organic chemistry and Medicinal chemistry books cover natural
Products those can be referred.
Drug Discovery Process and Drug Design
General introduction to drug discovery, molecular discovery to market to be discussed,
meaning of hit, lead, lead development, toxicity study, various phases of clinical trials,
synthetic methods, ADME, entire gamut including filing of various applications and
approvals to be covered with significance of each aspect. Objective is to expose the
students to the entire process and details to be covered accordingly.
Introduction to various sources and approaches for new chemical entities, (Coverage to
be at appropriate depth and level with suitable examples)
Drug Receptor interaction, drug action theories, classification of receptor outline, General
screening approaches outline.
source: Medicines used in folklore and traditional system of
treatment and their regulatory requirements to market, concept of reverse pharmacology
and an approach for drug discovery.
a) Random screening approach, methodology.
b) Analog design and tools: SAR, QSAR, CADD - Molecular modeling,
bioisostrerism and other concepts
c) SBDD: general concept, molecular modeling, docking
d) Fragment based drug design,
e) Enzyme inhibitors as drugs
f) Meaning of lead optimization and general approaches
Books:
1. Burger’s Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Discovery: Vol. 1 to 6; Ed.: A. Burger and
M. E. Wolf; John Wiley & Sons-New jersey.
2. Foye’s Principles of Medicinal Chemistry; Ed.: W.O.Foye; Lippincott Williams &
Wilkins-Philadelphia
3. Textbook of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemsitry; Ed.:Charles Owens
Wilson; Lippincott Williams & Wilkins-Philadelphia.,
4. Comprehensive Medicinal Chemistry Series.
Pharmaceutical Technology (Catalytic Process ) And Process
Technology of Drugs and Intermediates (Pharma)
Raw materials for Pharmaceutical Industry
Enzymes as catalyst
(a) in Synthesis for Pharmaceuticals
(b)Introduction to Principle of enzymes catalyst, Lipases and esterase’s for hydrolytic
conversion. Lipases and esterase’s in organic solvents, other hydrolytic reactions,
Enzyme-catalyzed oxidation reactions, Enzyme -catalyzed C-X bond synthesis, Enzyme-
catalyzed reduction, Chiral Technology
Chemical Development of enantiomerically pure products, resolution, chiral synthesis etc
Separation (a) Aspect of Chemical Purification and process separation technology
(b)Introduction to Separation technology; choosing a separation process, Adsorption
Separation methods, Simulated moving bed (SMB) chromatography; Large scale
chromatography; Homogeneous, Heterogeneous catalyst and phase transfer catalyst
Mixing (a)Flow pattern and theories (impeller); suspension of solid particles; lipid- lipid
dispersion; three phase dispersion; mass transfer at gas-liquid, solid-liquid, solid-solid,
process design and scale up of mixing
Books:
1. Wolfgang Aehle, “Enzymes in Industry Production and Applications” Wiley VCH
Publication, 2003
2. Heinrich Klefenz, “Industrial Pharmaceutical Biotechnology” Wiley-VCH
Publication, 2002.
3. T. Scheper, “Process Integration in Biochemical Engineering” Springer Publication,
2003.
4. Oligan Repic, “Principles of Research and Chemical Development in the
Pharmaceutical Industry Wiley Interscience 1998.
5. Romano Di Fabio, “From Bench to Market the Evolution Chemical Synthesis” Oxford
University Press, 2000
Process Technology of Drug and Intermediates
Manufacturing processes for drugs involving multiple steps and comparative study of
various routes of synthesis
1. The Design and Development of Safe Chemical Processes
(a) Introduction, the chemical process life-cycle, Legislative requirements for safe
process development and scale up, Development techniques for safe process design, Unit
operations posing particular hazards during development, Strategies for chemical hazards
assessment, Hazards of gas and vapor generation, Identification of highly-energetic
materials, Small scale screening tests; case studies, Flammability issues associated with
chemical manufacture, Gas and Vapor pressure systems, Process control consideration
and safety critical systems, GMP in chemical development
2. Optimization of Organic Reactions and Processes
(a) Introduction-the purpose of chemical development, Discovering the best synthetic
route; Selecting the best route for scale-up, Choice of raw materials, reagents etc; case
studies, The investigative approach to chemical development, Effect of process variables
on yield and quality of products; Quality control in process analysis as an aid to
optimization, Designing a robust process and preventing scale-up problems, Solvent
effects, Work up and product isolation, Selecting the parameters to vary, Planning for
scale up, Design of environmentally friendly processes, Effluent minimization and
control, Statistical methods of optimizations.
Books:
1. A. Liese, “ Industrial Bio transformations” Wiley-VCH 2000
2. Mahmound M. “Pollution Prevention Through Process Integration (Systematic
Design Tools)” Academic Press, 1997
3. Neal G. Andreson, “ Practical Process Research and Development” academic Press,
2000
4. A. Cybulski, “ Fine Chemicals Manufacture- Technology and Engineering Elsevier
Publication, 2000
5. “Mixing Equipment (Impeller type)” AIChE Publication 2001
6. “Chemical Process Quantitative Risk Analysis” AIChE Publication, 2000
Medicinal Chemistry III And Sterile Product Technology
Medicinal Chemistry III (Drugs for Metabolic Disorders)
Bioorganic chemistry of vitamins, Peptide and protein drugs, Carbohydrate drugs
Drugs acting on hormonal system
(a) Ant diabetic agents
(b) Steriod hormones-adrenocorticoids
(c) Sex steroids and antagonists, oral contraceptive
(d) Thyroid and ant thyroid agents
(e)Drugs acting on calcium homeostatic, iron preparation
(f) Prostaglandin’s and related compounds
Books:
1. Burger’s Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Discovery: Vol. 1 to 6; Ed.: A. Burger and M.
E. Wolf; John Wiley & Sons-New jersey.
2. Foye’s Principles of Medicinal Chemistry; Ed.: W.O.Foye; Lippincott Williams &
Wilkins-Philadelphia
3. Textbook of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemsitry; Ed.:Charles Owens Wilson;
Lippincott Williams & Wilkins-Philadelphia.,
4. Organic Synthesis- The Disconnection Approach; Ed.:Warren S.; John Wiley & Sons-
Chichester.
5. Pharmaceutical Substances: Synthesis, Patents, Applications (N-Z); Ed: A. Kleemann;
Georg Thieme Verlag-Stuttgart.
6. Strategies for Organic Drug Synthesis and Design; Ed.: Lednicer & Daniel; John
Willey & Sons Inc.-Inc.-New York.
7. Organic Chemistry of Drug Synthesis: Vol.1 to 6; Ed.: Daniel Lednicer; John Wiely &
Sons Inc. New York.
Serile Product Technology
Performulation, Formulation, Evolution, Large scale manufacture and packing with focus
on equipment with reference Parenterals and ophthalmic
Layout design and Unit operations related to above dosage forms
Blood products, Glandular products, medical sutures, ligatures
Stability evolution of Pharmaceutical dosage forms
Books:
1. Dispensing for Pharmaceutical Students, Cooper and Gunn, London, Pitman Medical
Pubs. Co. 1965
2. Therapeutic Systems: Pattern-Specific Drug Delivery, Heilmann, Struttgart, G.
Thiense Pub. 1978
3. Encyclopedia of Pharmaceutical Technology, J. Swarbrick, New York, Marcel
Dekker, 1993
4. Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences, A. R. Gennaro Mac Pub. Co. Easton,
Pennsylvania 1990
5. Indian Pharmacopoiea, British Pharmacopoiea, United States Pharmacopoiea.
Drug Delivery Systems And Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
Drug Delivery Systems
Performulation, Formulation, Evolution, Large scale manufacture and packing with focus
on equipment with reference to Oral sustained and controlled release dosage forms and
Aerosols
Introduction to Novel drug Delivery Systems: Transdermal, Tracsmucosal, Ophthalmic,
Colloidal: Liposome’s, nanoparticles, emulsion systems etc
Introduction to Radio pharmaceuticals, Overview of cosmetic products
Books:
1. Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms And Drug Delivery, Systems, Ansel, Philadelphia, Fea
and Febiger, 1985
2. Introduction to Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms Ansel, Henry Kimpton Publishers,
London.
3. Pharmaceutics: The Science of Dosage Form Design Aulton, New Delhi, B. I. Naverly
Pvt. Ltd., 1995
4. Modern Pharmaceutics G. S. Banker New York Marcel Dekker 1990
5. Bentely’s Textbook of Pharmaceutics Rawlins Cassell Ltd, London
6. Fundamentals of Pharmacy Blome H. E. Philadelphia, Fea and Febiger, 1985
7. Fundamentals of Pharmacy Blome H. E. Philadelphia, Fea and Febiger, 1985
8. Pharmacuetical Production Facilities: Design and Applciations G. C. Cole
9. New York Ellis Horwood 1990
10.Husa’s Pahrmaceutical Dispensing Martin E. W. Easton Mack Pub. Co. 1971
11.Transdermal Delivery of Drug A. Kydonieus Florida, CRC Press, 1971
12.Transdermal Controlled System Medications Y. W. Chien, New York, Marcel Dekker
1987
Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
Application of Bitoechnology in foods, pharmac, and other industries with special
reference to enzymes Definitons, nomenclature and terminologies, isolation
purification strain improvements, optimization of growth and product formation using
industrially important micro organism
Genetic engineering principles and technique
Principles of surface and solid state fermentation, Design of deferent fermentors and the
biochemical engineering aspects. Process control of fermentations. Fermentation
technology of industrial chemicals, organic acids, amino acids, vitamins, polysaccharides,
antibiotics, etc.
Enzyme fermentation and technology including immobilization and enzyme
reactors. Fermentative animals, and other developments
Books:
Principles of fermentation technology, Stanbury P. F. and Whitaker A.
Industrial microbiology, Prescott S. and Dunn C.
Elements of biotechnology, Gupta P.K.
Plant cell, Tissue and Organ culture, Gamborg O.L. and Phillips G. C.
Basic bioreactor design, Riet K. V. and Tramper J.
Bioreactor system design, Asenjo J. A.
Bioreactor immobilized enzymes and cells: fundamentals & applications, Moo-young
M. Industrial fermentations: Underkofler L. A. and Hickey R. J. Vol. I and II
Validation and Regulatory Requirements (Pharma)
CGMP and Quality assurance
Process, product validation and quality audits. Documentation
New drug approval
DPCO, drugs and cosmetics act and rules including licensing intermediates industry
Books:
1. Beotra’s Law of Drugs Medicins and Cosmetics K. K. Singh, L. R. Bugga for the Law
Book Co. Pvt. Ltd. Allahabad
2. Modern Pharmaceutics, G. S. Banker, New York, Marcel Dekker 1990
3. Fundamentals of Pharmacy, Blome H. E., Philadelphia, Fea and Febiger, 1985
4. Pharmaceutical Production Facilities: Design and Applications, G. C. Cole, New York
Ellis Horwood 1990
5. Drug Delivery Devices: Fundamentals and Applications Tyle, New York, Marcel
Dekker 1988
6. Microbial Quality Assurance in Pharmaceuticals Cosmetics and Toiletries, S. F.
Bloomfield, Chichester, Ellis, Horwood, 1998.
7. Encyclopedia of Pharmaceutical Technology, J. Swarbrick, New York, Marcel
Dekker, 1993
8. Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences, A. R. Gennaro Mac Pub. Co. Easton,
Pennsylvania 1990
9.Indian Pahrmacopoiea, British Pahrmcopoiea, United States Pharmcopoiea.
10.Oral Mucosal Drug Delivery, Rathbone, New York, Marcel Dekker, 1996
11.Good Laboratory Practice Regulations A. F. Hirsch, New York, Marcel Dekker, 1989
12.Good Laboratory Practice Regulations Weinberg New York, Marcel Dekker, 1995.

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  • 1. HOW TO CRACK ICT-MTECH ICT-MTECH
  • 2. General Aspects of Pharmaceutical And Physio-Pharmacology- I (Pharma) General Aspects of Pharmaceuticals Over view of Pharmaceutical Industry Introduction to human body, Organization of human body, Different system of human body, Definitions and examples of different drug categories, composition and functions of blood, cardiac cycle Introduction to pharmacopoeias, Routes of drug administration, introduction to bio pharmaceutics Discussion of monographs and general test procedures and their importance, inorganic chemicals of pharmaceutical importance with respect to their manufactures and uses, assay methods Books: 1. Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences, A.R.Gennaro Mac Pub. Co. Easton, Pennsylvania 1990 2. Indian Pharmacopoiea, British Pharmacopoiea, United States Pharmacopoiea. 3. Bentely’s Textbook of Pharmaceutics, Rawlins, Cassell Ltd, London Physio-Pharmacology-I Hematinics, thrombolytics, coagulants / anticogulants Digestive system antacids, purgatives Structure and function of kidney, diuretics Respiratory system General pharmacology (ADME, routes of administration, MOA) Bioassay: histamine and antihistaminic, Pharmacology and local anesthetics Books: 1. “Anatomy Physiology”, C.C. Calcuttal Medical Allied agency, 1994 2. “Anatomy Physiology”, Toutora, 10th Johns Wiley and Sons, NY, 2003 3. “Pharmacology” Tripath, 4th Jaypee Brother New Delhi, 1999 4. “Pharmacology” Satoskar-Bhandarkar, Popular Prakshan, Mumbai, 2003 5. “Pharmacology” Seth, Churchill Livingestone, New Delhi, 1998 6. “Handbook of in Pharmacology”, S. K. Kulkarni, Vallabh Prakashan, New Delhi, 1999 10th 7. “Element of in Pharmacology”, Dr. R. K. Goyal, S. B. Shah, Ahmadabad, 2003
  • 3. Medicinal Chemistry I (Anti- Infective) And Physio-Pharmacology (Pharma) Physio-pharmacology- II CNS and drugs acting on CNS ANS and drugs acting on uterus, oral hypoglycemic, chemotherapy Drugs used in hypertensive, vasodilator, Immunopharamcology Books: 1. “Anatomy Physiology”, C.C. Chatergree, Calcuttal Medical Allied agency, 1994 2. “Anatomy Physiology”, Toutora, 10th Johns Wiley and Sons, NY, 2003 3. “Pharmacology” Tripath, 4th Jaypee Brother New Delhi, 1999 4. “Pharmacology” Satoskar-Bhandarkar, Popular Prakshan, Mumbai, 2003 5. “Pharmacology” Seth, Churchill Livingstone, New Delhi, 1998 6. “Handbook of in Pharmacology”, S.K.Kulkarni, Vallabh Prakashan, New Delhi, 1999 10th 7. “Element of in Pharmacology”, Dr. R. K. Goyal, S. B. Shah, Ahmadabad, 2000 quinoline, DHFR antagonists, antibiotics including stability and degradation products, antiparasitic agents- antimalarial, antiamoebic, antihelminitic, Medicinal Chemistry I (Anti-infective) 1. Introduction to Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry (a)Methods of classification of drugs based on structure and biological activity Concept of acidity and basicity of drugs and pKa values. Introduction of absorption distribution of drugs based on physicochemical properties (b) Drug metabolism chemistry 2. Study of the chemistry of the following classes of drugs: nomenclature, classification, SAR (a) Anti-infective agents: antiseptic and disinfectant; antibacterial- sulfonamides, antimycobactrial agents, antifungal agents, anticancer agents, antiviral agents (b) Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents Books: 1. Burger’s Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Discovery: Vol. 1 to 6; Ed.: A. Burger and M. E. Wolff; John Wiley & Sons-New Jersey. 2. Foye’s Principles of Medicinal Chemistry; Ed.: W. O. Foye; Lippincott Williams & Wilkins-Philadelphia. 3. Textbook of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Ed.: Charles Owens Wilson; Lippincott Williams & Wilkins –Philadelphia.
  • 4. 4. Organic Synthesis-The Disconnection Approach; Ed.: Warren S.; John Wiley & Sons-Chichester. 5. Pharmaceutical Substances: Synthesis, Patents, Applications (N-Z); Ed: A. Kleemann; Georg Thieme Verlag-Stuttgart. 6. Strategies for Organic Drug Synthesis and Design; Ed.: Lednicer & Daniel; John Willey & Sons Inc., New York. 7. Organic Chemistry of Drug Synthesis: Vol. 1 to 6; Ed.: Daniel Lednicer; John Wiley & Sons Inc.- New York. Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Synthesis Of Drug Molecules) Pharmaceutical chemistry (Synthesis of Drug Molecules) Retro synthesis analysis, concepts (a) Retro synthetic analysis and synthesis of 30 drugs in the classes of anti-infective, antihistaminic, CNS drugs, CVS drugs and NSAIDS with aromatic, (b) Heterocyclic and fused ring systems giving approximate conditions and emphasis on techno-commercial potential routes, synthesis of vitamins, peptide Microbiology And Formulation Technology of Liquids And Topicals Microbiology Microscopy concept of magnification resolution, basis of light microscopes. Dyes and stains, Observation of micro organisms under light microscopy-wet mount, hanging drop, gram staining and acid fast stains. Cultivation and growth requirements, nutritional aspects and other conditions. Basis of growth media classification-principles and application. Concept of pure culture, clone, isolation, preservation and maintenance of pure cultures. Basis of identification and characteristics of micro organisms-its relevance. Basis morphology of a typical prokaryotic cell. Appendages external to cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm and cell inclusions. Study of bacteria, yeast, mold, algae and viruses-morphology, structure. Reproduction isolation, cultivation and metabolism, Immunology-basic classification of antigen// antibody immunoglobulin, concept of allergy-antigen and antibody reaction. Concept of vaccines- Manufacture of bacterial and viral vaccines. Sterilization-methods and validation, aseptic techniques, sterility testing. Disinfections and disinfectants, phenol coefficient tests. Formulation Technology of Liquids And Topicals Introduction and classification of pharmaceutical dosage forms Preformaulation, formulation, evaluation, large scale manufacture and packageing with focus on equipment with reference to liquid dosage forms; Monophasic solution syrups, elixirs, Nasal and ear drops etc. Biphasic suspensions and emulsions Topiclas: ointments, creams, gels and suppositories Layout design and Unit operations related to above dosage forms
  • 5. Books: 1. Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms And Drug Delivery Systems, Ansel, Philadelphia, Fea and Febiger, 1985 2. Introduction to Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, Ansel, Henry Kimpton Publishers, London. 3. Pharmaceutical: The Science of Dosage Form Design, Aulton, New Delhi, B. I. Naverly Pvt. Ltd., 1995 4. Dermatological Formulations, B. W. Barry, New York, Marcel Dekker 1983 5. Modern Pharmaceutics, G. S. Banker, New York, Marcel Dekker 1990 6. Bentely’s Textbook of Pharmaceutics, Rawlins, Cassell Ltd, London anticancer agents, antiviral agents, (16) Medicinal Chemistry II (Pharma) (ANS, CNS and CVS-Drugs, Drug Design and Discovery) ANS, CNS- Drugs Study of the chemistry of the following classes of drugs including nomenclature, classification, SAR, Synthesis: (a) Drugs affecting neurotransmission-cholinergic (b) Serotonergics and their antagonists (c) General Anesthetics, hypnotics, anti-seizure drugs, Antipsychotic and antianxiety agents, analgesics, anti-Parkinson drugs, CVS-Drugs, Drug Design and Discovery •Concept of drug action, receptor theory with relevant examples, enzymes and enzyme inhibitors •Modern methods of drug design and discovery, introduction to combinatorial chemistry and CADD, antihistaminic including anti ulcer drugs •Cardiovascular drugs Diuretics, anticoagulants, thrombolytics and antithrombotics, cardiac agents, antihypertensive, antihyperlipidemics, local anesthetics, diagnostic agents Books: 1. Burger’s Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Discover: Vol. 1 to 6; Ed.: A. Burger and M. E. Wolf; John Wiley & Sons-New Jersey. 2. Foye’s Principles of Medicinal Chemistry; Ed.: W.O. Foye; Lippincott Williams & Wilkins-Philadelphia. 3. Textbook of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Ed.: Charles Owens; Lippincott Williams & Wilkins- Philadelphia. 4. Organic Synthesis- The Disconnection Approach; Ed.: Warren S.; John Wiley & Sons- Chichester. 5. Pharmaceutical Substances: Synthesis, Patents, Applications (N-Z); Ed.: A. Kleemann; Georg Thieme Verlag-Stuttgart.
  • 6. 6. Strategies for Organic Drug Synthesis and Design; Ed.: Lednicer & Daniel; John Willey & Sons Inc.- New York. 7. Organic Chemistry of Drug Synthesis: Vol. 1 to 6; Ed.: Daniel Lednicer; John Wiley & Sons Inc.- New York. Technology of Solid Dosage Forms & Medicinal Natural Products (Pharma) Technology of Solid Dosage Forms Performulation, Formulation, Evolution, Large scale manufacture and packing with focus on equipment with reference to tablets Coated tablets Capsules: Hard gelatin and soft gelatin, microcapsules Layout design and Unit operations related to above dosage forms Books : 1. Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences, A. R. Gennaro Mac Pub. Co. Easton, Pennsylvania 1990. 2. Indian Pharmacopoiea, British Pharmacopoiea, United States Pharmacopoiea 3. Coated Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, K. H. Bauer, CRC Press, Boca Raton. Med Pharm. 4. Pharmaceutical Coating Technology, G. C. Cole, New York, Ellis, Horwood, 1990 5. Pulsed and Self-Regulated Drug Delivery, J. Kost, Florida, CRC Press, 1987 6. Extended Release Dosage Forms, - Klow Czynski, Florida, CRC Press, 1987 7. Treatise on Controlled Drug Delivery, A. Kydonieus CRC Press 1987 8. The Theory and Practice of Industrial Pharmacy, Lachman, Bombay, K. M. Warghese Co. 1976 9. Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms Vol. I & II, Liebermann, New York, Marcel Dekker, 1996. 10. Hard Capsules: Development and Technology, K. Ridgway, London Pharmaceutical Press 1987 Medicinal Natural Products (Pharma) Scope of the subject, Source of the drug of natural origin, Classification of drug, factors involved in the production of drugs. Phytochemistry Chemical constituents in the production of plants (carbohydrates, protein enzymes, lipids, alkaloids, glycosides, steroids, tannins, terpenoids, flavonoids, plant pigments, etc)
  • 7. Biosynthesis approach Extraction and isolation of plant drugs: conventional and modern techniques used in extraction and separation of phytoconstituents Commerce and quality control, application of spectroscopy and chromatography techniques for isolation, identification and analysis of phytoconstituents Detailed study of one reprehensive from each of the above mentioned chemical class (10drugs) Recent advances in phytopharmaceuticals (topic of current interest) Books: 1. Paul M. Dewick, Medicinal Natural Products, A Biosynthetic Approach, Chichester: John Wiley and Sons, Ltd., 2nd Edn., 2002 2. G. E. Trease & W. C. Evans, Pharmacognosy Edinburdh: W. B. sauder, 15th Edn., 2002 3. Varro E. Tyler, Lynn R. Brady, Hames E. Robbers, Pharmacognosy, Philadelphra : Lea & Febiger, 8th Edn, 1981. 4. T. E. Wallis, A Text book of Pharmacognosy London : J & A Churchill Ltd., 5th Edn., 1967 Chemistry of Natural Products Vitamins: Classification, chemistry of biological role, synthesis Hormones (other than steroid):Classification, chemistry of biological role, synthesis, Bioactive peptides including peptide hormones: Chemistry of peptide, characterization, protection of amino acids, Synthesis of peptides general, synthesis of peptide hormones, Structure of poisonous peptides. Terpines, terpinoids and carotinoids: Classification, occurrence, isolation, characterization and chemistry of terpines, biologically active terpines. Terpines as pharmaceutical raw materials. Plant pigments: Occurrence, classification, nomenclature, and structure, Chemistry of biologically important flavanoids, Flavanoids as raw materials. Pyrethroids and retinones: Occurrence, reactions, biological activity, structure and Chemistry Eicosanoids:Classifications, nomenclature, and chemical propertoies, and biological activity of Thromboxanes, Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes, Marine Natural Products: Introduction, occurrence and characteristic structural features, And structure of few marine products. Alkaloids and antibiotics will be covered elsewhere however An overview of these to be given. Porphyrins:Structure, general chemistry and properties, examples Haemoglobin, chlorophyll, cytochromes, etc.
  • 8. Few natural products from current literature that are having exciting Bioactivity to be discussed in general irrespective to which class they belong. Books: 1. Natural Products: chemistry and biological significance J. Mann, R.S. Davidson, et. Al. 2. Insecticides of Natural Origin, Sukh Dev, 3. Introduction to Flavanoids, B,A. Bohm, 4. Many Organic chemistry and Medicinal chemistry books cover natural Products those can be referred. Drug Discovery Process and Drug Design General introduction to drug discovery, molecular discovery to market to be discussed, meaning of hit, lead, lead development, toxicity study, various phases of clinical trials, synthetic methods, ADME, entire gamut including filing of various applications and approvals to be covered with significance of each aspect. Objective is to expose the students to the entire process and details to be covered accordingly. Introduction to various sources and approaches for new chemical entities, (Coverage to be at appropriate depth and level with suitable examples) Drug Receptor interaction, drug action theories, classification of receptor outline, General screening approaches outline. source: Medicines used in folklore and traditional system of treatment and their regulatory requirements to market, concept of reverse pharmacology and an approach for drug discovery. a) Random screening approach, methodology. b) Analog design and tools: SAR, QSAR, CADD - Molecular modeling, bioisostrerism and other concepts c) SBDD: general concept, molecular modeling, docking d) Fragment based drug design, e) Enzyme inhibitors as drugs f) Meaning of lead optimization and general approaches Books: 1. Burger’s Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Discovery: Vol. 1 to 6; Ed.: A. Burger and M. E. Wolf; John Wiley & Sons-New jersey. 2. Foye’s Principles of Medicinal Chemistry; Ed.: W.O.Foye; Lippincott Williams & Wilkins-Philadelphia
  • 9. 3. Textbook of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemsitry; Ed.:Charles Owens Wilson; Lippincott Williams & Wilkins-Philadelphia., 4. Comprehensive Medicinal Chemistry Series. Pharmaceutical Technology (Catalytic Process ) And Process Technology of Drugs and Intermediates (Pharma) Raw materials for Pharmaceutical Industry Enzymes as catalyst (a) in Synthesis for Pharmaceuticals (b)Introduction to Principle of enzymes catalyst, Lipases and esterase’s for hydrolytic conversion. Lipases and esterase’s in organic solvents, other hydrolytic reactions, Enzyme-catalyzed oxidation reactions, Enzyme -catalyzed C-X bond synthesis, Enzyme- catalyzed reduction, Chiral Technology Chemical Development of enantiomerically pure products, resolution, chiral synthesis etc Separation (a) Aspect of Chemical Purification and process separation technology (b)Introduction to Separation technology; choosing a separation process, Adsorption Separation methods, Simulated moving bed (SMB) chromatography; Large scale chromatography; Homogeneous, Heterogeneous catalyst and phase transfer catalyst Mixing (a)Flow pattern and theories (impeller); suspension of solid particles; lipid- lipid dispersion; three phase dispersion; mass transfer at gas-liquid, solid-liquid, solid-solid, process design and scale up of mixing Books: 1. Wolfgang Aehle, “Enzymes in Industry Production and Applications” Wiley VCH Publication, 2003 2. Heinrich Klefenz, “Industrial Pharmaceutical Biotechnology” Wiley-VCH Publication, 2002. 3. T. Scheper, “Process Integration in Biochemical Engineering” Springer Publication, 2003. 4. Oligan Repic, “Principles of Research and Chemical Development in the Pharmaceutical Industry Wiley Interscience 1998. 5. Romano Di Fabio, “From Bench to Market the Evolution Chemical Synthesis” Oxford University Press, 2000 Process Technology of Drug and Intermediates Manufacturing processes for drugs involving multiple steps and comparative study of various routes of synthesis 1. The Design and Development of Safe Chemical Processes (a) Introduction, the chemical process life-cycle, Legislative requirements for safe process development and scale up, Development techniques for safe process design, Unit
  • 10. operations posing particular hazards during development, Strategies for chemical hazards assessment, Hazards of gas and vapor generation, Identification of highly-energetic materials, Small scale screening tests; case studies, Flammability issues associated with chemical manufacture, Gas and Vapor pressure systems, Process control consideration and safety critical systems, GMP in chemical development 2. Optimization of Organic Reactions and Processes (a) Introduction-the purpose of chemical development, Discovering the best synthetic route; Selecting the best route for scale-up, Choice of raw materials, reagents etc; case studies, The investigative approach to chemical development, Effect of process variables on yield and quality of products; Quality control in process analysis as an aid to optimization, Designing a robust process and preventing scale-up problems, Solvent effects, Work up and product isolation, Selecting the parameters to vary, Planning for scale up, Design of environmentally friendly processes, Effluent minimization and control, Statistical methods of optimizations. Books: 1. A. Liese, “ Industrial Bio transformations” Wiley-VCH 2000 2. Mahmound M. “Pollution Prevention Through Process Integration (Systematic Design Tools)” Academic Press, 1997 3. Neal G. Andreson, “ Practical Process Research and Development” academic Press, 2000 4. A. Cybulski, “ Fine Chemicals Manufacture- Technology and Engineering Elsevier Publication, 2000 5. “Mixing Equipment (Impeller type)” AIChE Publication 2001 6. “Chemical Process Quantitative Risk Analysis” AIChE Publication, 2000 Medicinal Chemistry III And Sterile Product Technology Medicinal Chemistry III (Drugs for Metabolic Disorders) Bioorganic chemistry of vitamins, Peptide and protein drugs, Carbohydrate drugs Drugs acting on hormonal system (a) Ant diabetic agents (b) Steriod hormones-adrenocorticoids (c) Sex steroids and antagonists, oral contraceptive (d) Thyroid and ant thyroid agents (e)Drugs acting on calcium homeostatic, iron preparation (f) Prostaglandin’s and related compounds Books: 1. Burger’s Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Discovery: Vol. 1 to 6; Ed.: A. Burger and M. E. Wolf; John Wiley & Sons-New jersey. 2. Foye’s Principles of Medicinal Chemistry; Ed.: W.O.Foye; Lippincott Williams & Wilkins-Philadelphia
  • 11. 3. Textbook of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemsitry; Ed.:Charles Owens Wilson; Lippincott Williams & Wilkins-Philadelphia., 4. Organic Synthesis- The Disconnection Approach; Ed.:Warren S.; John Wiley & Sons- Chichester. 5. Pharmaceutical Substances: Synthesis, Patents, Applications (N-Z); Ed: A. Kleemann; Georg Thieme Verlag-Stuttgart. 6. Strategies for Organic Drug Synthesis and Design; Ed.: Lednicer & Daniel; John Willey & Sons Inc.-Inc.-New York. 7. Organic Chemistry of Drug Synthesis: Vol.1 to 6; Ed.: Daniel Lednicer; John Wiely & Sons Inc. New York. Serile Product Technology Performulation, Formulation, Evolution, Large scale manufacture and packing with focus on equipment with reference Parenterals and ophthalmic Layout design and Unit operations related to above dosage forms Blood products, Glandular products, medical sutures, ligatures Stability evolution of Pharmaceutical dosage forms Books: 1. Dispensing for Pharmaceutical Students, Cooper and Gunn, London, Pitman Medical Pubs. Co. 1965 2. Therapeutic Systems: Pattern-Specific Drug Delivery, Heilmann, Struttgart, G. Thiense Pub. 1978 3. Encyclopedia of Pharmaceutical Technology, J. Swarbrick, New York, Marcel Dekker, 1993 4. Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences, A. R. Gennaro Mac Pub. Co. Easton, Pennsylvania 1990 5. Indian Pharmacopoiea, British Pharmacopoiea, United States Pharmacopoiea. Drug Delivery Systems And Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Drug Delivery Systems Performulation, Formulation, Evolution, Large scale manufacture and packing with focus on equipment with reference to Oral sustained and controlled release dosage forms and Aerosols Introduction to Novel drug Delivery Systems: Transdermal, Tracsmucosal, Ophthalmic, Colloidal: Liposome’s, nanoparticles, emulsion systems etc Introduction to Radio pharmaceuticals, Overview of cosmetic products Books: 1. Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms And Drug Delivery, Systems, Ansel, Philadelphia, Fea and Febiger, 1985 2. Introduction to Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms Ansel, Henry Kimpton Publishers, London.
  • 12. 3. Pharmaceutics: The Science of Dosage Form Design Aulton, New Delhi, B. I. Naverly Pvt. Ltd., 1995 4. Modern Pharmaceutics G. S. Banker New York Marcel Dekker 1990 5. Bentely’s Textbook of Pharmaceutics Rawlins Cassell Ltd, London 6. Fundamentals of Pharmacy Blome H. E. Philadelphia, Fea and Febiger, 1985 7. Fundamentals of Pharmacy Blome H. E. Philadelphia, Fea and Febiger, 1985 8. Pharmacuetical Production Facilities: Design and Applciations G. C. Cole 9. New York Ellis Horwood 1990 10.Husa’s Pahrmaceutical Dispensing Martin E. W. Easton Mack Pub. Co. 1971 11.Transdermal Delivery of Drug A. Kydonieus Florida, CRC Press, 1971 12.Transdermal Controlled System Medications Y. W. Chien, New York, Marcel Dekker 1987 Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Application of Bitoechnology in foods, pharmac, and other industries with special reference to enzymes Definitons, nomenclature and terminologies, isolation purification strain improvements, optimization of growth and product formation using industrially important micro organism Genetic engineering principles and technique Principles of surface and solid state fermentation, Design of deferent fermentors and the biochemical engineering aspects. Process control of fermentations. Fermentation technology of industrial chemicals, organic acids, amino acids, vitamins, polysaccharides, antibiotics, etc. Enzyme fermentation and technology including immobilization and enzyme reactors. Fermentative animals, and other developments Books: Principles of fermentation technology, Stanbury P. F. and Whitaker A. Industrial microbiology, Prescott S. and Dunn C. Elements of biotechnology, Gupta P.K. Plant cell, Tissue and Organ culture, Gamborg O.L. and Phillips G. C. Basic bioreactor design, Riet K. V. and Tramper J. Bioreactor system design, Asenjo J. A. Bioreactor immobilized enzymes and cells: fundamentals & applications, Moo-young M. Industrial fermentations: Underkofler L. A. and Hickey R. J. Vol. I and II Validation and Regulatory Requirements (Pharma) CGMP and Quality assurance Process, product validation and quality audits. Documentation New drug approval DPCO, drugs and cosmetics act and rules including licensing intermediates industry Books:
  • 13. 1. Beotra’s Law of Drugs Medicins and Cosmetics K. K. Singh, L. R. Bugga for the Law Book Co. Pvt. Ltd. Allahabad 2. Modern Pharmaceutics, G. S. Banker, New York, Marcel Dekker 1990 3. Fundamentals of Pharmacy, Blome H. E., Philadelphia, Fea and Febiger, 1985 4. Pharmaceutical Production Facilities: Design and Applications, G. C. Cole, New York Ellis Horwood 1990 5. Drug Delivery Devices: Fundamentals and Applications Tyle, New York, Marcel Dekker 1988 6. Microbial Quality Assurance in Pharmaceuticals Cosmetics and Toiletries, S. F. Bloomfield, Chichester, Ellis, Horwood, 1998. 7. Encyclopedia of Pharmaceutical Technology, J. Swarbrick, New York, Marcel Dekker, 1993 8. Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences, A. R. Gennaro Mac Pub. Co. Easton, Pennsylvania 1990 9.Indian Pahrmacopoiea, British Pahrmcopoiea, United States Pharmcopoiea. 10.Oral Mucosal Drug Delivery, Rathbone, New York, Marcel Dekker, 1996 11.Good Laboratory Practice Regulations A. F. Hirsch, New York, Marcel Dekker, 1989 12.Good Laboratory Practice Regulations Weinberg New York, Marcel Dekker, 1995.