This summary provides the key details about the document in 3 sentences: The document discusses the "argument from analogy" which aims to show that we are justified in inferring the existence of other minds based on analogies to our own behavior and thoughts. It raises Norman Malcolm's objection to this argument and will assess whether the argument succeeds by discussing Wittgenstein's "Beetle in a Box" thought experiment as well as arguments from H.H. Price and Stuart Hampshire in defense of the analogy argument. The document also examines Russell's view that we can infer the existence of thoughts in others from observing correlations between thoughts and actions in ourselves.

1. Argument From Analogy Essay
The argument from analogy is an inductive argument that focuses on the problem of other minds
and aims to show that we are justified in inferring the existence of other minds. British philosopher,
Bertrand Russell, describes the argument from analogy as follows: "The behaviour of other people
is in many ways analogous to our own, and we suppose that it must have analogous causes. What
people say is what we should say if we had certain thoughts, and so we infer that they probably have
these thoughts. They give us information which we can sometimes subsequently verify" (Russell,
"Analogy", p89). Norman Malcolm argues that the argument from analogy does poorly in its
attempts to show that we are justified in inferring the existence of other minds. In assessing whether
the argument from analogy succeeds in its aims, I will raise and respond to Malcolm's objection
against the argument from analogy; Austrian–born British philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein's 'Beetle
in a Box' thought experiment; as well as Welsh philosopher H. H. Price's argument and English
philosopher Stuart Hampshire's argument in defence of the argument from analogy....show more
content...
From subjective observation, Russell claims to know that A, which is a thought or feeling,
causes B, which is a bodily act (Russell, "Analogy", p110). Russell argues that believing in the
existence of other minds requires some postulate, and describes this postulate to be "If, whenever
we can observe whether A and B are present or absent, we find that every case of B has an A as a
causal antecedent, then it is probable that most B's have A's as causal antecedents, even in cases
where observation does not enable us to know whether A is present or not" (Russell, "Analogy",
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2. Argumentative Reflection
Argumentative Essay Reflection One of my central struggles throughout high school has been
writing essays and reports for all classes not just english. I was a little worried when I signed up to
take this course, since it counted as a college credit. Even though I was worried about taking this
course, but I am thankful that I did. The main reason behind my decision to take this course is
because I thought it would better prepare me for college. This argumentative essay was one of the
hardest essay that I have written. I have never written in this style before this essay. Even though, I
have never been the best writer, I have always got good grades. After receiving my first rough draft I
knew this class was not going to be easy. The part...show more content...
One of the areas of my writing where I was struggling in using my voice. Granite, there were parts
of my essay where I successfully integrated quotes within my voice, but for the most part that was
my weakest area. For example of one of my better integrated quotes, in my third paragraph when I
say, "Today, consumers rely on social media for everything, whether it is communicating with old
friends, finding new friends, shopping, researching, and staying informed with the latest news.
Daniel adds that, "'Americans who take part in political activities on social networking sites also
tend to be highly active in other areas of political or civic life'" (29), which insinuates that people
rely on social media more today than we have in the past". This was one of my better examples
because I further explain and analyze the quote in my voice instead of just ending the sentence
after the quote. One of my poor examples is, "Many people who suffer from depression care a lot
about what others think about them. That is why many of those people tend to turn to social
media as an outlet to express their feelings". I made a bold statement and did not back up what I
said with my voice I just ended that sentence and moved on. Instead of moving on I should have
explained it further and told them why people tend to turn to social media to express their feelings.
One of the areas of my writing where I was
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3. Argumentative Essays
Failure is the step towards success. Do you agree?
It is often assumed that failure is a deterrent to achievement. Rather, failure should be seen as a
motivator for a person to keep trying until the objective or aim of a particular mission is fulfilled.
Failure often times leads a person to feel helpless, disappointed and depressed. However,one should
not allow this to set them back in trying to achieve the ultimate aim one has set out to do. Failure in
the beginning can often be a powerful incentive to reassess one's position in wanting to achieve the
particular aims; to analyse whether the purpose is worth the trouble the person has to undergo and
the whether the obstacles are surmountable. Practical and...show more content...
Another disadvantage of being an only is that he lacks companionship. He has no brother or sister
to confide in. Growing up as an only child can be very lonely. If you have siblings you will have
to share everything, so you get less; but you also get less of the bad things. Siblings can support
and comfort each in times of trouble. The elder siblings learn to care for the younger ones and the
younger ones learn to respect their elder siblings and have someone to look up to besides their
parents. You are more balanced person than an only child. Another advantage of having siblings is
that your parents' attention is divided among your siblings. As a result, there is less pressure on you
to perform well, be it academically or in other areas. Having siblings also means that you have
companionship, the joy of caring and sharing, and security. I, personally, am happy that I am not an
only child.
Students should not take up part time jobs. Discuss.
Nowadays, students love to have part–time jobs. Their parents approve it easily as they are said to
gain experience from working. However, having a job is a big responsibility for a student. Before,
teenagers at their age were working to help their family because of poverty. Nevertheless, they
were actually eager to study and learn at school for their future. It was not the same as the teenagers
nowadays where they are more likely competing to each other to have a job. Most of the
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