The current study, which was conducted in the district Dir (Upper) in Khyber
Pukhtunkhwa Pakistan, investigated the relationship between dietary patterns and
the prevalence of hypertension. A total of three hundred and thirty one sample size
was determined from 2500 respondents as per the Sekarn criteria. The sampled
respondents were recruited from Rural Health Centers (RHC) and other clinics and
dispensaries in Tehsil (Sub-division) Sheringal of district Dir Upper, Khyber
Pukhtunkhwah Pakistan using a convenient sampling method. Further, the data
were collected through a structured questionnaire covering the study variables,
which were dietary habits (independent variable) and hypertension (dependent
variable). Moreover, the selected data were analyzed by the application of SPSS
(25 version) by applying descriptive statistics and chi-square test statistics
analysis. Furthermore, all the attributes of hypertension were indexed and crosstabulated to expose the association with dietary habits at bivariate level analysis.
With descriptive statistics, the results indicated that majority of the respondents,
with regards to gender identity, who suffered from hypertension were male,
between the age group of 40-59 years, with a high illiteracy level. At bivariate level
a significant association was found between hypertension and lack of proper food;
less vegetable consumption; and excessive usage of salty food was the major
cause of hypertension. Based on the aforementioned findings, it is possible to
conclude that the respondents' poor daily food habits were the root cause of their
hypertension. Furthermore, the consumption of fatty and salty foods rather than
vegetables was discovered to be additional contributing factors to hypert
Background: Alcohol has long been a global social and medical issue. According to W.H.O report. Total 3.3 million people die from
alcohol abuse annually. Alcoholic liver disease (A.L.D.) ranges from steatosis to liver cirrhosis. Chronic heavy drinkers get hepatitis
or cirrhosis 15 20% of the time
Methods: This study was c onducted in the general medicine inpatient department at PGIMER & C . in Bhubaneswar, Odisha,
Indi a. All hospitali z ed patients with liver illness who had previously t aken alcohol were screened. Each patient's alcohol
consumption, including native alcoholic beverages, was recorded. To support the diagnosis, all standard and extra examination s
were carri ed out. The modified Kuppuswamy scale was used to determine s s ocioeconomic class.
Results: The study comprised 186 participants with a median age of 46. The gender ratio was 3:1, with 139 (74.7%) men. Urban
populations have a greater prevalence of alcohol ic liver disease (60.75%) than rural populations (39.24%). The l ower
s ocioeconomic c lass (50.53%) has the highest rate of alcoholic liver disease. Men drink more (>700 gm/wk) and married people
drink more. A woman who drinks 140 280 grams per week for 10 1 5 years is more likely to develop alcoholic liver disease than a
man who drinks >700 grams per week for 15 years.
Conclusions: In this study, we conclude d that the prevalence of A .L. about S .E. is of utmost importance in developing
population based st r ategies that effectively educate individuals on the need to modify their drinking habits. This is crucial to
mitigate the occurrence of alcohol consumption and its associated repercussions.
Key-words: Socioeconomic status, Hospitalized Patients, Alcoholic Liver Disease
RunningHead: PICOT Question 1
RunningHead: PICOT Question 7
PICOT Question
Avery Bryan
NRS-433V
Professor Christine Vannelli
May 19, 2019
Clinical Problem
A report from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention in 2015 revealed that (9.4%) 30.3 million Americans are diabetic and 84.1 million have prediabetes. This is a total population of over 100 million is at risk of developing type 2 diabetes which is a growing health problem being the seventh leading cause of death in the U.S. An estimated 1.5 million new cases were among 18-year old bracket and the rates of diagnosed diabetes increased proportionally to age. Below 44 years accounted for 4%, below 64 years at 17 % and 25% for those above 65 years across both genders. One-third of adults in America has prediabetes but sadly, they are unaware despite reports released by The National Diabetes Statistics Report every year. These reports elaborate on prevalence and incidence, prediabetes, long-term complications, risk factors, mortality, and cost. Diabetes poses the risk of serious complications like death, blindness, stroke, kidney disorders, cardiac diseases and health problems that lead to amputation of legs. However, the risks can be mitigated through physical body activities, proper dieting and prescribed use of insulin and other related measures to control the blood sugar levels. Diabetes Prevention Program was funded by NIH to research a yearly evidence-based program to improve healthy weight loss through diet and physical activities. There also efforts to determine the effectiveness of public service campaigns in improving the real-life experience in the diagnosis and treatment of diabetes.
PICOT Question.
The population affected by diabetes cuts across all ages, gender, race, and ethnicity. The prevalence is significantly high from 18 years and it increases with age to about 25% above 65 years. In terms of gender, men are at higher risk accounting for 37% while women are at 30% across races and educational levels. On races, the rates were higher among Indians/Alaska natives at 15%, non-Hispanic blacks at 12.7% and Hispanics at 12%. Among Asians, the rates were lower at 8% and 7.4% for non-Hispanic whites.
Intervention indicator for diabetes shows that individuals who do not observe a healthy diet are more exposed to the disease. Some risk behaviors include lack of exercise and excessive intake of junk foods that lead to obesity and increased blood sugar levels. Diabetes prevalence varied according to education levels were those with less than high school education at 12.6% and 7.2% for those higher than high school education.
Comparison and use of a control group from the popularity of Complementary and Alternative Medicine and Traditional Chinese Medicine showed distinct knowledge of diabetes, blood sugar control, and self-care. The experimental group received education through interactive multimedia for three months while the control group received.
1ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY FOR SEDENTARY LIFESTYLESTHESE ARE.docxhyacinthshackley2629
1
ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY FOR SEDENTARY LIFESTYLES
THESE ARE THE INSTRUCTORS REMARKS AFTER GRADING AND GIVING ME A ZERO/100. PLEASE CORRECT THIS DOCUMENT FOR ME. THANKS.
I HAVE ALSO ATTACHED A Turnitin Report in pdf format.
Hi, Jude. Your Turnitin report showed that 74% of your draft matches sources that were not cited properly. Please review the plagiarism tutorial in the syllabus, and review the APA materials on how to cite sources. Paraphrase your sources whenever possible; this shows you understand the material and can restate it in your own words. This also enables you to claim ownership of the language while still giving credit for the ideas. When you use source material verbatim, make sure to place it in quotation marks. Avoid copying and pasting large chunks of text. Even if you include proper citations, your essay will lack originality. Please review the attached Turnitin report so you can see which sections need attention. I will review your draft and update your score once you've rewritten it in your own words and cited sources properly. Please note the late policy in the syllabus. Let me know if you have any questions. Thanks.
Annotated Bibliography for Sedentary Lifestyles
Jude Kum
DeVry University
Sedentary lifestyle is predominant in our everyday life be it in workplace, school, social or homes and the fact is we have got accustomed to sitting down and doing many things forgetting the impact this is causing to our health. People fail to realize how valuable exercise is in their life and especially in improving their health and well-being. Sitting down on the computer with all focused attention and forgetting that we need to get up and even eat cause problems to many people.
Guedes, N.G., Lopes, M.V., Leite de Araujo, T. Moreira, R.P. and Martins, L.C. G. (2010). Predictive Factors of the Nursing Diagnosis Sedentary Lifestyle in People with High Blood Pressure. Public Health Nursing. Vol. 28 No. 2, p. 193-200. Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The research question for the study conducted by Guesdes, et al (2010) is based on the following: 1.what is the result of the defining characteristics and related factors of sedentary lifestyle diagnosis in patients with high blood pressure? 2. What are the predictive value and possible predictors of the nursing diagnosis sedentary lifestyle in patients with high blood pressure? The study looked at the validation of diagnostic groupings of the population being studied including aspects of their clinical situations. The study looked at diagnosis resulting from insufficient physical activity, intolerance of activity, fatigue, impaired physical mobility, self-care deficit.
My assessment: Using this article, I will bring out the important indicators and useful predictors for identification of sedentary lifestyle; demonstrated the benefits of physical fitness, verbalized preferences for activities that are to accomplish real training or exercises. I will point out appr.
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
All manuscripts are subject to rapid peer review. Those of high quality (not previously published and not under consideration for publication in another journal) will be published without delay.
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
All manuscripts are subject to rapid peer review. Those of high quality (not previously published and not under consideration for publication in another journal) will be published without delay.
Background: Alcohol has long been a global social and medical issue. According to W.H.O report. Total 3.3 million people die from
alcohol abuse annually. Alcoholic liver disease (A.L.D.) ranges from steatosis to liver cirrhosis. Chronic heavy drinkers get hepatitis
or cirrhosis 15 20% of the time
Methods: This study was c onducted in the general medicine inpatient department at PGIMER & C . in Bhubaneswar, Odisha,
Indi a. All hospitali z ed patients with liver illness who had previously t aken alcohol were screened. Each patient's alcohol
consumption, including native alcoholic beverages, was recorded. To support the diagnosis, all standard and extra examination s
were carri ed out. The modified Kuppuswamy scale was used to determine s s ocioeconomic class.
Results: The study comprised 186 participants with a median age of 46. The gender ratio was 3:1, with 139 (74.7%) men. Urban
populations have a greater prevalence of alcohol ic liver disease (60.75%) than rural populations (39.24%). The l ower
s ocioeconomic c lass (50.53%) has the highest rate of alcoholic liver disease. Men drink more (>700 gm/wk) and married people
drink more. A woman who drinks 140 280 grams per week for 10 1 5 years is more likely to develop alcoholic liver disease than a
man who drinks >700 grams per week for 15 years.
Conclusions: In this study, we conclude d that the prevalence of A .L. about S .E. is of utmost importance in developing
population based st r ategies that effectively educate individuals on the need to modify their drinking habits. This is crucial to
mitigate the occurrence of alcohol consumption and its associated repercussions.
Key-words: Socioeconomic status, Hospitalized Patients, Alcoholic Liver Disease
RunningHead: PICOT Question 1
RunningHead: PICOT Question 7
PICOT Question
Avery Bryan
NRS-433V
Professor Christine Vannelli
May 19, 2019
Clinical Problem
A report from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention in 2015 revealed that (9.4%) 30.3 million Americans are diabetic and 84.1 million have prediabetes. This is a total population of over 100 million is at risk of developing type 2 diabetes which is a growing health problem being the seventh leading cause of death in the U.S. An estimated 1.5 million new cases were among 18-year old bracket and the rates of diagnosed diabetes increased proportionally to age. Below 44 years accounted for 4%, below 64 years at 17 % and 25% for those above 65 years across both genders. One-third of adults in America has prediabetes but sadly, they are unaware despite reports released by The National Diabetes Statistics Report every year. These reports elaborate on prevalence and incidence, prediabetes, long-term complications, risk factors, mortality, and cost. Diabetes poses the risk of serious complications like death, blindness, stroke, kidney disorders, cardiac diseases and health problems that lead to amputation of legs. However, the risks can be mitigated through physical body activities, proper dieting and prescribed use of insulin and other related measures to control the blood sugar levels. Diabetes Prevention Program was funded by NIH to research a yearly evidence-based program to improve healthy weight loss through diet and physical activities. There also efforts to determine the effectiveness of public service campaigns in improving the real-life experience in the diagnosis and treatment of diabetes.
PICOT Question.
The population affected by diabetes cuts across all ages, gender, race, and ethnicity. The prevalence is significantly high from 18 years and it increases with age to about 25% above 65 years. In terms of gender, men are at higher risk accounting for 37% while women are at 30% across races and educational levels. On races, the rates were higher among Indians/Alaska natives at 15%, non-Hispanic blacks at 12.7% and Hispanics at 12%. Among Asians, the rates were lower at 8% and 7.4% for non-Hispanic whites.
Intervention indicator for diabetes shows that individuals who do not observe a healthy diet are more exposed to the disease. Some risk behaviors include lack of exercise and excessive intake of junk foods that lead to obesity and increased blood sugar levels. Diabetes prevalence varied according to education levels were those with less than high school education at 12.6% and 7.2% for those higher than high school education.
Comparison and use of a control group from the popularity of Complementary and Alternative Medicine and Traditional Chinese Medicine showed distinct knowledge of diabetes, blood sugar control, and self-care. The experimental group received education through interactive multimedia for three months while the control group received.
1ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY FOR SEDENTARY LIFESTYLESTHESE ARE.docxhyacinthshackley2629
1
ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY FOR SEDENTARY LIFESTYLES
THESE ARE THE INSTRUCTORS REMARKS AFTER GRADING AND GIVING ME A ZERO/100. PLEASE CORRECT THIS DOCUMENT FOR ME. THANKS.
I HAVE ALSO ATTACHED A Turnitin Report in pdf format.
Hi, Jude. Your Turnitin report showed that 74% of your draft matches sources that were not cited properly. Please review the plagiarism tutorial in the syllabus, and review the APA materials on how to cite sources. Paraphrase your sources whenever possible; this shows you understand the material and can restate it in your own words. This also enables you to claim ownership of the language while still giving credit for the ideas. When you use source material verbatim, make sure to place it in quotation marks. Avoid copying and pasting large chunks of text. Even if you include proper citations, your essay will lack originality. Please review the attached Turnitin report so you can see which sections need attention. I will review your draft and update your score once you've rewritten it in your own words and cited sources properly. Please note the late policy in the syllabus. Let me know if you have any questions. Thanks.
Annotated Bibliography for Sedentary Lifestyles
Jude Kum
DeVry University
Sedentary lifestyle is predominant in our everyday life be it in workplace, school, social or homes and the fact is we have got accustomed to sitting down and doing many things forgetting the impact this is causing to our health. People fail to realize how valuable exercise is in their life and especially in improving their health and well-being. Sitting down on the computer with all focused attention and forgetting that we need to get up and even eat cause problems to many people.
Guedes, N.G., Lopes, M.V., Leite de Araujo, T. Moreira, R.P. and Martins, L.C. G. (2010). Predictive Factors of the Nursing Diagnosis Sedentary Lifestyle in People with High Blood Pressure. Public Health Nursing. Vol. 28 No. 2, p. 193-200. Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The research question for the study conducted by Guesdes, et al (2010) is based on the following: 1.what is the result of the defining characteristics and related factors of sedentary lifestyle diagnosis in patients with high blood pressure? 2. What are the predictive value and possible predictors of the nursing diagnosis sedentary lifestyle in patients with high blood pressure? The study looked at the validation of diagnostic groupings of the population being studied including aspects of their clinical situations. The study looked at diagnosis resulting from insufficient physical activity, intolerance of activity, fatigue, impaired physical mobility, self-care deficit.
My assessment: Using this article, I will bring out the important indicators and useful predictors for identification of sedentary lifestyle; demonstrated the benefits of physical fitness, verbalized preferences for activities that are to accomplish real training or exercises. I will point out appr.
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
All manuscripts are subject to rapid peer review. Those of high quality (not previously published and not under consideration for publication in another journal) will be published without delay.
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
All manuscripts are subject to rapid peer review. Those of high quality (not previously published and not under consideration for publication in another journal) will be published without delay.
Correlation between Blood group, Hypertension, Obesity, Diabetes, and combina...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
PERSPECTIVEUnderstanding Nutritional Epidemiology and Its.docxmattjtoni51554
PERSPECTIVE
Understanding Nutritional Epidemiology and Its
Role in Policy1,2
Ambika Satija,3,4 Edward Yu,3 Walter C Willett,3–5 and Frank B Hu3–5*
3Department of Nutrition and 4Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA; and 5Channing
Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
ABSTRACT
Nutritional epidemiology has recently been criticized on several fronts, including the inability to measure diet accurately, and for its reliance
on observational studies to address etiologic questions. In addition, several recent meta-analyses with serious methodologic flaws have arrived
at erroneous or misleading conclusions, reigniting controversy over formerly settled debates. All of this has raised questions regarding the
ability of nutritional epidemiologic studies to inform policy. These criticisms, to a large degree, stem from a misunderstanding of the
methodologic issues of the field and the inappropriate use of the drug trial paradigm in nutrition research. The exposure of interest in
nutritional epidemiology is human diet, which is a complex system of interacting components that cumulatively affect health. Consequently,
nutritional epidemiology constantly faces a unique set of challenges and continually develops specific methodologies to address these.
Misunderstanding these issues can lead to the nonconstructive and sometimes naive criticisms we see today. This article aims to clarify common
misunderstandings of nutritional epidemiology, address challenges to the field, and discuss the utility of nutritional science in guiding policy
by focusing on 5 broad questions commonly asked of the field. Adv Nutr 2015;6:5–18.
Keywords: dietary assessment, food policy, meta-analysis, nutritional epidemiology, randomized controlled trials, prospective cohort studies
Introduction
Epidemiology has long had its share of skeptics, with Taubes’
1995 article being the most well-known (1). However, more
recent commentaries have attacked nutritional epidemiol-
ogy on several fronts. Ioannidis (2) criticizes the observa-
tional nature of epidemiologic studies and small trials,
stating that “definitive solutions won’t come from another
million observational papers or small randomized trials.”
He refers to an article by Archer et al. (3), which calls into
question the validity of data from the NHANES and suggests
that “the ability to estimate population trends in caloric
intake and generate empirically supported public policy rel-
evant to diet-health relations from US nutritional sur-
veillance is extremely limited.” Furthermore, questionably
designed and executed meta-analyses have disseminated
conflicting messages about nutrition and health, such as
the conclusion that being overweight lowers the risk of all-
cause mortality (4) and that replacing saturated fat with
polyunsaturated fats has no substantial impact on cardiovas-
cular risk (5). Such conclusions are not only confusing but
also dangero.
The objective of this study was to correlate human body weight and urine leukocytes. A complete blood cell analysis also measures the leukocytes level. In blood stream, if level of leukocytes is higher than normal it may an indication of infection. This infection may be in the bladder or in the urethral tube that carries urine from bladder. In urine, leucocytes may be due to kidney stones, pelvis tumor and any other type of blockage in urinary tract. Frequent urination, burning sensation and cloudy urine indicates leukocytes in urine. In this method, stick was dipped for few second in a sample container and then compared with the chart given. Dipstick procedure was followed and tested for the urine leukocytes. Results were analyzed by estimating the percentages of the samples. There were four different categories of body weights and also noted the readings accordingly. It was concluded that there was no significant relationship between body weight and urine leukocytes.
To Assess the Knowledge and Attitude of Hypertensive Patient Regarding Lifest...ijtsrd
Hypertension is the main cause of the two most frequent causes of death worldwide myocardial infarction and stroke. The disease is closely associated with health promoting lifestyle HPL and it seems that HPL plays an important role in improving health related quality of life. Hypertension is a modifiable risk factor and its adequate control is highly dependent on lifestyle. Therefore, the present study attempts to find out the current knowledge and attitude of hypertensive patient regarding lifestyle modification and management, so that on the basis of finding government should take some action to change the life style improve health and prevent disease condition. Ms. Sunita Devi | Dr. Priyanka Chaudhary | Ramanpreet Kaur "To Assess the Knowledge and Attitude of Hypertensive Patient Regarding Lifestyle Modification and Managemen" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47537.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/47537/to-assess-the-knowledge-and-attitude-of-hypertensive-patient-regarding-lifestyle-modification-and-managemen/ms-sunita-devi
Dietary guidelines are accused to be the key reason for obesity and diabetes epidemic. This slide deck shows why they are not. Junk food diet is the key reason.
Role of Daily life style and Medication in Prevention and treatment of obesityPriyankaKilaniya
The rising prevalence of overweight and obesity underscores the need for enhanced intervention strategies to tackle this significant public health issue. Increases in energy expenditure through exercise and other physical activity may be a crucial component of effective interventions to enhance initial weight loss and prevent weight regain. achieve these outcomes, it is recommended to engage in appropriate levels of exercise and physical activity, with 60 to 90 minutes per day being the recommended duration. Epidemiological surveys in England reveal that obesity is prevalent, defined as a body mass index (BMI) of greater than 30 kg/m2. This study is the first to report the prevalence of general obesity and abdominal obesity in the adult population of Spain, based on weight, height, and waist circumference measurements. Diet, smoking, and physical activity are significant lifestyle factors that can significantly impact body weight and fat accumulation. The PREDIMED study, a randomized dietary primary prevention trial conducted in Spain, assessed the relationship between lifestyle and obesity risk. A study assessed 7,000 high-cardiovascular risk subjects, determining a healthy lifestyle pattern (HLP) based on Mediterranean diet adherence, moderate alcohol consumption, daily physical activity of 200kcal/day, and non-smoking.
A Comparative Study of Anthropometric Characteristics and Blood Pressure betw...ijtsrd
Background Hypertension is a frequently encountered multifactorial disorder and its prevalence is reported to increase in postmenopausal females. Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in women. Furthermore, there is evidence that hormonal changes also leads to anthropometric changes associated with hypertension.Aim - To compare the anthropometric measures and blood pressure of pre and post menopausal women and find the association between anthropometric measures and hypertension.Methodology - A comparative study was conducted on 50 pre and 50 post menopausal women. The sampling method was purposive sampling and conducted in Goyala Vihar of Delhi. The door to door survey was conducted and data was collected using kobo tool. The measurements of BP, weight, height, hip and waist circumference was done following the protocols. The data was analysed using SPSS software.Result and conclusion - The result was significant for all variables Age, Wt, BMI, HC, WC, WHR and BAI except Ht. Independent T test was used to compare. Correlation and regression depicted that age is the predictor for diastolic blood pressure in pre menopausal women and for post menopausal women age, Ht, Wt, BMI, WC and HC are predictor of diastolic blood pressure. Women in post menopausal stage were at high risk of HTN compared to pre menopausal women. Jyoti Yadav "A Comparative Study of Anthropometric Characteristics and Blood Pressure between Pre and Post - Menopausal Women in Poor Urban Area, Goyala Vihar, Delhi" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-4, August 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd59641.pdf Paper Url:https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/59641/a-comparative-study-of-anthropometric-characteristics-and-blood-pressure-between-pre-and-post---menopausal-women-in-poor-urban-area-goyala-vihar-delhi/jyoti-yadav
AbstractBackground Hypertension is the most common non-.docxbartholomeocoombs
Abstract
Background:
Hypertension is the most common non-communicable disease and the leading cause of cardiovascular disease in the world. Current management of hypertension stressed the importance of salt and diet modifications. Unfortunately, many hypertensive patients do not have proper knowledge of this, which results to inadequate practice. Therefore, there is need to develop strategies that will help to improve knowledge and practice of salt and diet modifications among hypertensive.
Objective
: To determine the effect of nursing intervention on knowledge and practice of salt and diet modifications among hypertensive patients.
Materials and Methods
: A quasi experimental design was conducted using purposive sampling to select the sample size of 38 participants. A researcher-developed questionnaire derived from the literature review and Hypertension Self-Care Activity Level Effects (H-SCALE) adapted from Warren-Find low and Seymour (2011) was used to measure knowledge and practice of salt and diet modification among the participants. Data gathered from participants were expressed using tables and percentages while research questions were answered with descriptive statistics of mean and standard deviation through statistical package for the social science software version 21.
Results
: the study revealed that higher percentage of the participants (81.6%) had poor of knowledge of salt and diet modification pre-intervention, also 92.1% of the participants reported poor practice before intervention. Intervention was given to the participants and results showed a positive change in knowledge and practice of salt and diet practice post-intervention.
Conclusion
: regular training should be given to hypertensive patients by nurses to improve their knowledge and practice of salt and diet modification for effective blood pressure control.
Keywords
:
Hypertension, Knowledge, Practice, Salt and Diet modification, Nigeria
Introduction
The burden of hypertension and other noncommunicable diseases is rapidly increasing and this poses a serious threat to the economic development of many nations. Hypertension is a global public health challenge due to its high prevalence and the associated risk of stroke and cardiovascular diseases in adults.
Globally, hypertension is implicated to be responsible for 7.1 million deaths and about 12.8% of the total annual deaths (World Health
Organization (WHO), 2018). Africa, among other WHO regions was rated highest with increased prevalence of high blood pressure, estimated at 46% from age 25 years and above in which Nigeria contributes significantly to this increase (Okwuonu, Emmanuel, & Ojimadu 2014; Ekwunife, Udeogaranya, & Nwatu, 2018; WHO, 2018). This is so in spite of the availability to safe and potent drugs for hypertension and existence of clear treatment guidelines, hypertension is still grossly not controlled in a large proportion of.
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Modifiable Lifestyle Risk Factors and Incident Diabetes
in African Americans
Joshua J. Joseph, MD,1,2 Justin B. Echouffo-Tcheugui, MD, PhD,3,4
Sameera A. Talegawkar, PhD,5 Valery S. Effoe, MD,6 Victoria Okhomina, MPH,7
Mercedes R. Carnethon, PhD,8 Willa A. Hsueh, MD,1 Sherita H. Golden, MD2
Introduction: The associations of modifiable lifestyle risk factors with incident diabetes are not well
investigated in African Americans (AAs). This study investigated the association of modifiable
lifestyle risk factors (exercise, diet, smoking, TV watching, and sleep-disordered breathing burden)
with incident diabetes among AAs.
Methods: Modifiable lifestyle risk factors were characterized among 3,252 AAs in the Jackson
Heart Study who were free of diabetes at baseline (2000–2004) using baseline questionnaires and
combined into risk factor categories: poor (0–3 points), average (4–7 points), and optimal (8–11
points). Incidence rate ratios (IRR) for diabetes (fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL, physician diagnosis,
use of diabetes drugs, or glycosylated hemoglobin A1c ≥6.5%) were estimated using Poisson
regression modeling adjusting for age, sex, education, occupation, systolic blood pressure, and BMI.
Outcomes were collected 2005–2012 and data analyzed in 2016.
Results: Over 7.6 years, there were 560 incident diabetes cases (mean age¼53.3 years, 64% female).
An average or optimal compared to poor risk factor categorization was associated with a 21%
(IRR¼0.79, 95% CI¼0.62, 0.99) and 31% (IRR¼0.69, 95% CI¼0.48, 1.01) lower risk of diabetes.
Among participants with BMI o30, IRRs for average or optimal compared to poor categorization
were 0.60 (95% CI¼0.40, 0.91) and 0.53 (95% CI¼0.29, 0.97) versus 0.90 (95% CI¼0.67, 1.21) and
0.83 (95% CI¼0.51, 1.34) among participants with BMI ≥30.
Conclusions: A combination of modifiable lifestyle factors are associated with a lower risk of
diabetes among AAs, particularly among those without obesity.
Am J Prev Med 2017;53(5):e165–e174. & 2017 American Journal of Preventive Medicine. Published by
Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
INTRODUCTION
epartment of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wexner
ter, Columbus, Ohio; 2Johns Hopkins University, School of
ltimore, Maryland; 3Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and
, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School,
achusetts; 4Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University,
rgia; 5Sumner M. Redstone Global Center for Prevention and
ilken Institute School of Public Health at the George
University, Washington, District of Columbia; 6Division of
h Sciences, Wake Forest University, School of Medicine,
m, North Carolina; 7Univer.
Abstract—Diabetes is a disease which is on continuous increase specialy in country like India. It involve is a multisystem so intend to affect quality of life of patients. So this study was conducted on 250 Diabetes Mellitus patients to observe their quality of life on various domains viz Physical, Mental, Social and environmental through WHOQOL-Bref questionnaire. It was found that 54.4% were unable to level their quality of life, they say neither good nor bad. But 23.2% were feeling bad and 22.4 % were feeling good about their quality of life. Whereas regarding patient's satisfaction about their health 39.2% were unable to level their quality of life and 35.6% were dissatisfied and 25.2 % were satisfied with their health. Significantly more cases were unable to understand about their quality of life than their satisfaction to their health. It was also found that Physical quality of life was affected most followed by environmental, psychological and social dimension of quality of life.
Abstract—Diabetes Mellitus is a lifestyle disease it is increasing with increase of urbanization. It is a side effect of development. Nowadays with the development of community it is also on increase trend. So this study was conducted on 250 patients of diabetes attended at Diabetic Clinic of SMS Hospital Jaipur, with the aim to find out socio-demographic profile of these diabetes cases. General information about the these case was gathered in a pre-designed semi-structured performa. It was found in this study that majority of cases were in age group of 31 to 45 years with slight male dominance. Education wise majority were Graduate followed by secondary educated and others. Likewise occupation wise majority were either unemployed of professional. Majority of cases were from Socio economic Class II and III. So it can be concluded that diabetes is a disease of middle age slight male dominance and of educated middle class individuals. Further studies are required to establish this fact.
1
Epidemiology and Health
Epidemiology and Health
Volume: 36, Article ID: e2014009, 8 pages
http://dx.doi.org/10.4178/epih/e2014009
REVIEW Open Access
Dietary assessment methods in epidemiologic studies
Jee-Seon Shim1, Kyungwon Oh2, Hyeon Chang Kim1,3
1Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Etiology Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul; 2Division of Health and
Nutrition Survey, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Osong; 3Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of
Medicine, Seoul, Korea
Diet is a major lifestyle-related risk factor of various chronic diseases. Dietary intake can be assessed by sub-
jective report and objective observation. Subjective assessment is possible using open-ended surveys such as
dietary recalls or records, or using closed-ended surveys including food frequency questionnaires. Each meth-
od has inherent strengths and limitations. Continued efforts to improve the accuracy of dietary intake assess-
ment and enhance its feasibility in epidemiological studies have been made. This article reviews common di-
etary assessment methods and their feasibility in epidemiological studies.
KEY WORDS: Dietary assessment, Food frequency questionnaire, 24-hour dietary recall, Dietary record
INTRODUCTION
Diet is a major lifestyle-related risk factor of a wide range of
chronic diseases. Changes in dietary habits have been found to
reduce cancer incidence by one-third [1]. Dietary information
has been useful in cardiovascular disease risk prediction [2] and
consuming a nutrient-dense diet was associated with a low risk
of all-cause mortality [3]. Contrary to other lifestyle risk factors
(e.g., smoking), dietary exposures are very difficult to measure
because all individuals eat foods, even if the amount and the
kind of food consumed is various between subjects, and people
rarely perceive what they eat and how much they do [4]. Inac-
curate dietary assessment may be a serious obstacle of under-
standing the impact of dietary factors on disease.
Specific biochemical markers have been used as a surrogate
to measure the dietary intake of selected nutrients or dietary
components in epidemiological studies [5-7]. Previous studies
have found these markers to be highly correlated with dietary
intake levels, free of a social desirability bias, independent of
memory, and not based on subjects’ ability to describe the type
and quantity of food consumed [8]. Thus, these biochemical
markers may provide more accurate measures than dietary in-
take estimates do. However, a number of biomarkers have been
known to provide integrated measures reflecting their absorp-
tion and metabolism after consumption, and they are also af-
fected by disease or homeostatic regulation, thus their values
cannot be translated into the subject’s absolute dietary intake
[9]. Moreover, the results based on biomarkers cannot provide
dietary recommendations to modify a subject’s .
Abstract
During the lifespan, there are multiple factors influence the longevity including genotype, metabolism, physiology, sociodemographic and environmental factors, nutritional and lifestyle habits. Nutrition during the life time has an effect on the health status. Dietary indexes, certain dietary patterns and dietary guidelines have been used for analysing dietary pattern and life expectancy relationship in many studies. Dietary pattern has an important effect on longevity. The cohort study results indicate that diet quality and Medittarenean diet have potential effects on longevity. The important effects of nutrition on longevity related with quality, quantity, frequency, variety and emotional satisfaction. Therefore, nutritional strategies that provide clear benefits for ageing linked with both physiological and psychological functions to maintain life quality. The aspiration is not only to “live longer” but to “live better,” and to maintain optimal qual¬ity of life during the later stages of life.
Food, Nutrition and Health is a complex and interdisciplinary research area with key public health and economic relevance. This document aims to provide the academic and wider stakeholder communities
with a clear roadmap for BBSRC’s strategic support for the area over the next five years, complementing the joint vision of BBSRC, MRC
and ESRC for integrative research across Council remits. It focuses on those aspects which form part of BBSRC’s Strategic Research Priority
in Bioscience for Health, but clearly recognises and seeks to foster synergies with the Agriculture and Food Security priority in supporting research to inform the sustainable provision of safe and nutritious food.
The Role of Dramatic Dialogue in Teaching Arabic to Non-Native Speakers.pdfRula alsawalqa
Objectives: The present study aimed to reveal the role of the dramatic dialogue technique in teaching Arabic to non-native speakers, and to explore the roles of nationality, religion, sex, age, and the student’s duration of study of the Arabic language in exposure to the dramatic dialogue technique in teaching. Methods: A quantitative research approach was conducted via a survey using a purposeful sample of all Arabic language students affiliated with the Centre for teaching Arabic to speakers of other Languages at the University of Islamic Sciences, Jordan, where the dramatic dialogue technique was applied in the previous semesters. Results: The results revealed that the dramatic dialogue technique has a positive and effective role in teaching Arabic to non-native speakers, and that nationality, religion, sex, age, and the student’s duration of study of the Arabic language has no significant affect when applying the dramatic dialogue technique in teaching. Conclusion: Dramatic dialogue is a valuable educational method for language learning that can harness learners' imaginations and stimulate their desire to communicate and participate. Therefore, the curricula of teaching must be enriched with dramatic dialogic texts. Additionally, designing appropriate classrooms to accommodate dramatic dialogue in teaching Arabic to non-native speakers is recommended
Empowering hearts and shaping destinies: unveiling the profound influence of ...Rula alsawalqa
This study investigates the impact of education on women’s empowerment in the realm of mate selection within Malakand Division, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Employing a mixed-method research approach, the study conducted 30 semi-structured interviews with educated women and distributed a Likert Scale questionnaire to 500 women. The qualitative findings reveals that education significantly influences women’s perspectives, guiding their priorities, and instilling a desire for compatibility and shared values in their relationships. Educated women also display resilience, confidence, and a readiness to challenge prevailing societal norms and gender stereotypes when selecting a life partner. Quantitative analysis establishes a statistically significant positive correlation between education and women’s empowerment in mate selection. These findings underscore the pivotal role of education in enhancing women’s agency and autonomy in a critical aspect of their lives. The study’s implications extend to policy recommendations advocating for increased access to quality education and the implementation of gender-sensitive curricula in Malakand Division and analogous regions. Recognizing education’s potential to empower women in mate selection is vital for fostering a more equitable and inclusive society.
Correlation between Blood group, Hypertension, Obesity, Diabetes, and combina...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
PERSPECTIVEUnderstanding Nutritional Epidemiology and Its.docxmattjtoni51554
PERSPECTIVE
Understanding Nutritional Epidemiology and Its
Role in Policy1,2
Ambika Satija,3,4 Edward Yu,3 Walter C Willett,3–5 and Frank B Hu3–5*
3Department of Nutrition and 4Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA; and 5Channing
Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
ABSTRACT
Nutritional epidemiology has recently been criticized on several fronts, including the inability to measure diet accurately, and for its reliance
on observational studies to address etiologic questions. In addition, several recent meta-analyses with serious methodologic flaws have arrived
at erroneous or misleading conclusions, reigniting controversy over formerly settled debates. All of this has raised questions regarding the
ability of nutritional epidemiologic studies to inform policy. These criticisms, to a large degree, stem from a misunderstanding of the
methodologic issues of the field and the inappropriate use of the drug trial paradigm in nutrition research. The exposure of interest in
nutritional epidemiology is human diet, which is a complex system of interacting components that cumulatively affect health. Consequently,
nutritional epidemiology constantly faces a unique set of challenges and continually develops specific methodologies to address these.
Misunderstanding these issues can lead to the nonconstructive and sometimes naive criticisms we see today. This article aims to clarify common
misunderstandings of nutritional epidemiology, address challenges to the field, and discuss the utility of nutritional science in guiding policy
by focusing on 5 broad questions commonly asked of the field. Adv Nutr 2015;6:5–18.
Keywords: dietary assessment, food policy, meta-analysis, nutritional epidemiology, randomized controlled trials, prospective cohort studies
Introduction
Epidemiology has long had its share of skeptics, with Taubes’
1995 article being the most well-known (1). However, more
recent commentaries have attacked nutritional epidemiol-
ogy on several fronts. Ioannidis (2) criticizes the observa-
tional nature of epidemiologic studies and small trials,
stating that “definitive solutions won’t come from another
million observational papers or small randomized trials.”
He refers to an article by Archer et al. (3), which calls into
question the validity of data from the NHANES and suggests
that “the ability to estimate population trends in caloric
intake and generate empirically supported public policy rel-
evant to diet-health relations from US nutritional sur-
veillance is extremely limited.” Furthermore, questionably
designed and executed meta-analyses have disseminated
conflicting messages about nutrition and health, such as
the conclusion that being overweight lowers the risk of all-
cause mortality (4) and that replacing saturated fat with
polyunsaturated fats has no substantial impact on cardiovas-
cular risk (5). Such conclusions are not only confusing but
also dangero.
The objective of this study was to correlate human body weight and urine leukocytes. A complete blood cell analysis also measures the leukocytes level. In blood stream, if level of leukocytes is higher than normal it may an indication of infection. This infection may be in the bladder or in the urethral tube that carries urine from bladder. In urine, leucocytes may be due to kidney stones, pelvis tumor and any other type of blockage in urinary tract. Frequent urination, burning sensation and cloudy urine indicates leukocytes in urine. In this method, stick was dipped for few second in a sample container and then compared with the chart given. Dipstick procedure was followed and tested for the urine leukocytes. Results were analyzed by estimating the percentages of the samples. There were four different categories of body weights and also noted the readings accordingly. It was concluded that there was no significant relationship between body weight and urine leukocytes.
To Assess the Knowledge and Attitude of Hypertensive Patient Regarding Lifest...ijtsrd
Hypertension is the main cause of the two most frequent causes of death worldwide myocardial infarction and stroke. The disease is closely associated with health promoting lifestyle HPL and it seems that HPL plays an important role in improving health related quality of life. Hypertension is a modifiable risk factor and its adequate control is highly dependent on lifestyle. Therefore, the present study attempts to find out the current knowledge and attitude of hypertensive patient regarding lifestyle modification and management, so that on the basis of finding government should take some action to change the life style improve health and prevent disease condition. Ms. Sunita Devi | Dr. Priyanka Chaudhary | Ramanpreet Kaur "To Assess the Knowledge and Attitude of Hypertensive Patient Regarding Lifestyle Modification and Managemen" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47537.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/47537/to-assess-the-knowledge-and-attitude-of-hypertensive-patient-regarding-lifestyle-modification-and-managemen/ms-sunita-devi
Dietary guidelines are accused to be the key reason for obesity and diabetes epidemic. This slide deck shows why they are not. Junk food diet is the key reason.
Role of Daily life style and Medication in Prevention and treatment of obesityPriyankaKilaniya
The rising prevalence of overweight and obesity underscores the need for enhanced intervention strategies to tackle this significant public health issue. Increases in energy expenditure through exercise and other physical activity may be a crucial component of effective interventions to enhance initial weight loss and prevent weight regain. achieve these outcomes, it is recommended to engage in appropriate levels of exercise and physical activity, with 60 to 90 minutes per day being the recommended duration. Epidemiological surveys in England reveal that obesity is prevalent, defined as a body mass index (BMI) of greater than 30 kg/m2. This study is the first to report the prevalence of general obesity and abdominal obesity in the adult population of Spain, based on weight, height, and waist circumference measurements. Diet, smoking, and physical activity are significant lifestyle factors that can significantly impact body weight and fat accumulation. The PREDIMED study, a randomized dietary primary prevention trial conducted in Spain, assessed the relationship between lifestyle and obesity risk. A study assessed 7,000 high-cardiovascular risk subjects, determining a healthy lifestyle pattern (HLP) based on Mediterranean diet adherence, moderate alcohol consumption, daily physical activity of 200kcal/day, and non-smoking.
A Comparative Study of Anthropometric Characteristics and Blood Pressure betw...ijtsrd
Background Hypertension is a frequently encountered multifactorial disorder and its prevalence is reported to increase in postmenopausal females. Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in women. Furthermore, there is evidence that hormonal changes also leads to anthropometric changes associated with hypertension.Aim - To compare the anthropometric measures and blood pressure of pre and post menopausal women and find the association between anthropometric measures and hypertension.Methodology - A comparative study was conducted on 50 pre and 50 post menopausal women. The sampling method was purposive sampling and conducted in Goyala Vihar of Delhi. The door to door survey was conducted and data was collected using kobo tool. The measurements of BP, weight, height, hip and waist circumference was done following the protocols. The data was analysed using SPSS software.Result and conclusion - The result was significant for all variables Age, Wt, BMI, HC, WC, WHR and BAI except Ht. Independent T test was used to compare. Correlation and regression depicted that age is the predictor for diastolic blood pressure in pre menopausal women and for post menopausal women age, Ht, Wt, BMI, WC and HC are predictor of diastolic blood pressure. Women in post menopausal stage were at high risk of HTN compared to pre menopausal women. Jyoti Yadav "A Comparative Study of Anthropometric Characteristics and Blood Pressure between Pre and Post - Menopausal Women in Poor Urban Area, Goyala Vihar, Delhi" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-4, August 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd59641.pdf Paper Url:https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/59641/a-comparative-study-of-anthropometric-characteristics-and-blood-pressure-between-pre-and-post---menopausal-women-in-poor-urban-area-goyala-vihar-delhi/jyoti-yadav
AbstractBackground Hypertension is the most common non-.docxbartholomeocoombs
Abstract
Background:
Hypertension is the most common non-communicable disease and the leading cause of cardiovascular disease in the world. Current management of hypertension stressed the importance of salt and diet modifications. Unfortunately, many hypertensive patients do not have proper knowledge of this, which results to inadequate practice. Therefore, there is need to develop strategies that will help to improve knowledge and practice of salt and diet modifications among hypertensive.
Objective
: To determine the effect of nursing intervention on knowledge and practice of salt and diet modifications among hypertensive patients.
Materials and Methods
: A quasi experimental design was conducted using purposive sampling to select the sample size of 38 participants. A researcher-developed questionnaire derived from the literature review and Hypertension Self-Care Activity Level Effects (H-SCALE) adapted from Warren-Find low and Seymour (2011) was used to measure knowledge and practice of salt and diet modification among the participants. Data gathered from participants were expressed using tables and percentages while research questions were answered with descriptive statistics of mean and standard deviation through statistical package for the social science software version 21.
Results
: the study revealed that higher percentage of the participants (81.6%) had poor of knowledge of salt and diet modification pre-intervention, also 92.1% of the participants reported poor practice before intervention. Intervention was given to the participants and results showed a positive change in knowledge and practice of salt and diet practice post-intervention.
Conclusion
: regular training should be given to hypertensive patients by nurses to improve their knowledge and practice of salt and diet modification for effective blood pressure control.
Keywords
:
Hypertension, Knowledge, Practice, Salt and Diet modification, Nigeria
Introduction
The burden of hypertension and other noncommunicable diseases is rapidly increasing and this poses a serious threat to the economic development of many nations. Hypertension is a global public health challenge due to its high prevalence and the associated risk of stroke and cardiovascular diseases in adults.
Globally, hypertension is implicated to be responsible for 7.1 million deaths and about 12.8% of the total annual deaths (World Health
Organization (WHO), 2018). Africa, among other WHO regions was rated highest with increased prevalence of high blood pressure, estimated at 46% from age 25 years and above in which Nigeria contributes significantly to this increase (Okwuonu, Emmanuel, & Ojimadu 2014; Ekwunife, Udeogaranya, & Nwatu, 2018; WHO, 2018). This is so in spite of the availability to safe and potent drugs for hypertension and existence of clear treatment guidelines, hypertension is still grossly not controlled in a large proportion of.
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& 2017 American Journal of Preventive Medicine. Pu
reserved.
From the 1D
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Medicine, Ba
Hypertension
Boston, Mass
Atlanta, Geo
Wellness, M
Washington
Public Healt
Winston-Sale
Center, Jack
Feinberg Sch
Address
Medicine, T
McCampbell
[email protected]
0749-3797
https://do
blished by Elsevier Inc. All r
Modifiable Lifestyle Risk Factors and Incident Diabetes
in African Americans
Joshua J. Joseph, MD,1,2 Justin B. Echouffo-Tcheugui, MD, PhD,3,4
Sameera A. Talegawkar, PhD,5 Valery S. Effoe, MD,6 Victoria Okhomina, MPH,7
Mercedes R. Carnethon, PhD,8 Willa A. Hsueh, MD,1 Sherita H. Golden, MD2
Introduction: The associations of modifiable lifestyle risk factors with incident diabetes are not well
investigated in African Americans (AAs). This study investigated the association of modifiable
lifestyle risk factors (exercise, diet, smoking, TV watching, and sleep-disordered breathing burden)
with incident diabetes among AAs.
Methods: Modifiable lifestyle risk factors were characterized among 3,252 AAs in the Jackson
Heart Study who were free of diabetes at baseline (2000–2004) using baseline questionnaires and
combined into risk factor categories: poor (0–3 points), average (4–7 points), and optimal (8–11
points). Incidence rate ratios (IRR) for diabetes (fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL, physician diagnosis,
use of diabetes drugs, or glycosylated hemoglobin A1c ≥6.5%) were estimated using Poisson
regression modeling adjusting for age, sex, education, occupation, systolic blood pressure, and BMI.
Outcomes were collected 2005–2012 and data analyzed in 2016.
Results: Over 7.6 years, there were 560 incident diabetes cases (mean age¼53.3 years, 64% female).
An average or optimal compared to poor risk factor categorization was associated with a 21%
(IRR¼0.79, 95% CI¼0.62, 0.99) and 31% (IRR¼0.69, 95% CI¼0.48, 1.01) lower risk of diabetes.
Among participants with BMI o30, IRRs for average or optimal compared to poor categorization
were 0.60 (95% CI¼0.40, 0.91) and 0.53 (95% CI¼0.29, 0.97) versus 0.90 (95% CI¼0.67, 1.21) and
0.83 (95% CI¼0.51, 1.34) among participants with BMI ≥30.
Conclusions: A combination of modifiable lifestyle factors are associated with a lower risk of
diabetes among AAs, particularly among those without obesity.
Am J Prev Med 2017;53(5):e165–e174. & 2017 American Journal of Preventive Medicine. Published by
Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
INTRODUCTION
epartment of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wexner
ter, Columbus, Ohio; 2Johns Hopkins University, School of
ltimore, Maryland; 3Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and
, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School,
achusetts; 4Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University,
rgia; 5Sumner M. Redstone Global Center for Prevention and
ilken Institute School of Public Health at the George
University, Washington, District of Columbia; 6Division of
h Sciences, Wake Forest University, School of Medicine,
m, North Carolina; 7Univer.
Abstract—Diabetes is a disease which is on continuous increase specialy in country like India. It involve is a multisystem so intend to affect quality of life of patients. So this study was conducted on 250 Diabetes Mellitus patients to observe their quality of life on various domains viz Physical, Mental, Social and environmental through WHOQOL-Bref questionnaire. It was found that 54.4% were unable to level their quality of life, they say neither good nor bad. But 23.2% were feeling bad and 22.4 % were feeling good about their quality of life. Whereas regarding patient's satisfaction about their health 39.2% were unable to level their quality of life and 35.6% were dissatisfied and 25.2 % were satisfied with their health. Significantly more cases were unable to understand about their quality of life than their satisfaction to their health. It was also found that Physical quality of life was affected most followed by environmental, psychological and social dimension of quality of life.
Abstract—Diabetes Mellitus is a lifestyle disease it is increasing with increase of urbanization. It is a side effect of development. Nowadays with the development of community it is also on increase trend. So this study was conducted on 250 patients of diabetes attended at Diabetic Clinic of SMS Hospital Jaipur, with the aim to find out socio-demographic profile of these diabetes cases. General information about the these case was gathered in a pre-designed semi-structured performa. It was found in this study that majority of cases were in age group of 31 to 45 years with slight male dominance. Education wise majority were Graduate followed by secondary educated and others. Likewise occupation wise majority were either unemployed of professional. Majority of cases were from Socio economic Class II and III. So it can be concluded that diabetes is a disease of middle age slight male dominance and of educated middle class individuals. Further studies are required to establish this fact.
1
Epidemiology and Health
Epidemiology and Health
Volume: 36, Article ID: e2014009, 8 pages
http://dx.doi.org/10.4178/epih/e2014009
REVIEW Open Access
Dietary assessment methods in epidemiologic studies
Jee-Seon Shim1, Kyungwon Oh2, Hyeon Chang Kim1,3
1Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Etiology Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul; 2Division of Health and
Nutrition Survey, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Osong; 3Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of
Medicine, Seoul, Korea
Diet is a major lifestyle-related risk factor of various chronic diseases. Dietary intake can be assessed by sub-
jective report and objective observation. Subjective assessment is possible using open-ended surveys such as
dietary recalls or records, or using closed-ended surveys including food frequency questionnaires. Each meth-
od has inherent strengths and limitations. Continued efforts to improve the accuracy of dietary intake assess-
ment and enhance its feasibility in epidemiological studies have been made. This article reviews common di-
etary assessment methods and their feasibility in epidemiological studies.
KEY WORDS: Dietary assessment, Food frequency questionnaire, 24-hour dietary recall, Dietary record
INTRODUCTION
Diet is a major lifestyle-related risk factor of a wide range of
chronic diseases. Changes in dietary habits have been found to
reduce cancer incidence by one-third [1]. Dietary information
has been useful in cardiovascular disease risk prediction [2] and
consuming a nutrient-dense diet was associated with a low risk
of all-cause mortality [3]. Contrary to other lifestyle risk factors
(e.g., smoking), dietary exposures are very difficult to measure
because all individuals eat foods, even if the amount and the
kind of food consumed is various between subjects, and people
rarely perceive what they eat and how much they do [4]. Inac-
curate dietary assessment may be a serious obstacle of under-
standing the impact of dietary factors on disease.
Specific biochemical markers have been used as a surrogate
to measure the dietary intake of selected nutrients or dietary
components in epidemiological studies [5-7]. Previous studies
have found these markers to be highly correlated with dietary
intake levels, free of a social desirability bias, independent of
memory, and not based on subjects’ ability to describe the type
and quantity of food consumed [8]. Thus, these biochemical
markers may provide more accurate measures than dietary in-
take estimates do. However, a number of biomarkers have been
known to provide integrated measures reflecting their absorp-
tion and metabolism after consumption, and they are also af-
fected by disease or homeostatic regulation, thus their values
cannot be translated into the subject’s absolute dietary intake
[9]. Moreover, the results based on biomarkers cannot provide
dietary recommendations to modify a subject’s .
Abstract
During the lifespan, there are multiple factors influence the longevity including genotype, metabolism, physiology, sociodemographic and environmental factors, nutritional and lifestyle habits. Nutrition during the life time has an effect on the health status. Dietary indexes, certain dietary patterns and dietary guidelines have been used for analysing dietary pattern and life expectancy relationship in many studies. Dietary pattern has an important effect on longevity. The cohort study results indicate that diet quality and Medittarenean diet have potential effects on longevity. The important effects of nutrition on longevity related with quality, quantity, frequency, variety and emotional satisfaction. Therefore, nutritional strategies that provide clear benefits for ageing linked with both physiological and psychological functions to maintain life quality. The aspiration is not only to “live longer” but to “live better,” and to maintain optimal qual¬ity of life during the later stages of life.
Food, Nutrition and Health is a complex and interdisciplinary research area with key public health and economic relevance. This document aims to provide the academic and wider stakeholder communities
with a clear roadmap for BBSRC’s strategic support for the area over the next five years, complementing the joint vision of BBSRC, MRC
and ESRC for integrative research across Council remits. It focuses on those aspects which form part of BBSRC’s Strategic Research Priority
in Bioscience for Health, but clearly recognises and seeks to foster synergies with the Agriculture and Food Security priority in supporting research to inform the sustainable provision of safe and nutritious food.
The Role of Dramatic Dialogue in Teaching Arabic to Non-Native Speakers.pdfRula alsawalqa
Objectives: The present study aimed to reveal the role of the dramatic dialogue technique in teaching Arabic to non-native speakers, and to explore the roles of nationality, religion, sex, age, and the student’s duration of study of the Arabic language in exposure to the dramatic dialogue technique in teaching. Methods: A quantitative research approach was conducted via a survey using a purposeful sample of all Arabic language students affiliated with the Centre for teaching Arabic to speakers of other Languages at the University of Islamic Sciences, Jordan, where the dramatic dialogue technique was applied in the previous semesters. Results: The results revealed that the dramatic dialogue technique has a positive and effective role in teaching Arabic to non-native speakers, and that nationality, religion, sex, age, and the student’s duration of study of the Arabic language has no significant affect when applying the dramatic dialogue technique in teaching. Conclusion: Dramatic dialogue is a valuable educational method for language learning that can harness learners' imaginations and stimulate their desire to communicate and participate. Therefore, the curricula of teaching must be enriched with dramatic dialogic texts. Additionally, designing appropriate classrooms to accommodate dramatic dialogue in teaching Arabic to non-native speakers is recommended
Empowering hearts and shaping destinies: unveiling the profound influence of ...Rula alsawalqa
This study investigates the impact of education on women’s empowerment in the realm of mate selection within Malakand Division, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Employing a mixed-method research approach, the study conducted 30 semi-structured interviews with educated women and distributed a Likert Scale questionnaire to 500 women. The qualitative findings reveals that education significantly influences women’s perspectives, guiding their priorities, and instilling a desire for compatibility and shared values in their relationships. Educated women also display resilience, confidence, and a readiness to challenge prevailing societal norms and gender stereotypes when selecting a life partner. Quantitative analysis establishes a statistically significant positive correlation between education and women’s empowerment in mate selection. These findings underscore the pivotal role of education in enhancing women’s agency and autonomy in a critical aspect of their lives. The study’s implications extend to policy recommendations advocating for increased access to quality education and the implementation of gender-sensitive curricula in Malakand Division and analogous regions. Recognizing education’s potential to empower women in mate selection is vital for fostering a more equitable and inclusive society.
Sustainable digital communication using perceived enjoyment with a technology...Rula alsawalqa
The technology acceptance model (TAM) has garnered considerable attention within higher education in Jordan, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, we still need to understand how to progress the TAM to enhance educational sustainability. “Perceived enjoyment” (PE) is a significant predictor of perceived ease of use, intention to use technology, use e-learning systems for educational sustainability, and attitudes toward using the TAM. This study aims to reveal the role of sustainable digital communication using PE with the TAM within higher education in Jordan. An online survey was conducted using a random sample of students at the University of Jordan, which reached 576 participants. The results of a subsequent path analysis of the survey data revealed that PE, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and attitudes toward using digital communication strategies were dominant in affecting student intention to use sustainable digital communication. We found that the students would like to use digital communication strategies due to their ease of use and because they can enhance self-education. However, students need to enhance their usage skills, and to better understand digital communication strategies. Moreover, we found that the TAM, PE, perceived ease of use (PEU), and perceived usefulness (PU) immediately and favorably affect attitudes toward usage (ATU) and behavioral intention (BI). PEU negatively affected the intention of students to use technology through ATU, while PE had a significant impact on the PU, PEU, ATU, and BI of using digital communication strategies. Information and communication technologies (ICT) developers in the Jordanian Higher Education environment should create systems that are user-friendly and pertinent to the sustainability of student education, to raise their perceived ease of use. Managers should also encourage students to use ICT.
Food security is a multifaceted and manifold paradox that includes social,
biological, nutritional and economic aspects. Food is not only related to dietetic
sources but also plays numerous roles in social life and is closely linked to cultural
differentials. Despite its multi-dimensional approach, food security has been
molded in a number of ways since its dawn. However, food security was
transformed from a micro to a macro level during the World Food Conference of
1974. Food security exists “when all people at all times have physical, economic
and social access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food, essential for meeting their
dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life”. The present
study was conducted in light of a sociological perspective in the district of Torghar,
Northern Khyber Pukhtunkhwa, Pakistan to assess the household food security
status. A sample of 379 household head was selected out of 26464 as per the
proportional allocation method. Moreover, descriptive and inferential statistics was
further used at descriptive and bivariate analysis. With regards to demographic
profile of the respondents 37% of household heads were between the ages of 46-
55, with 42% of illiterates, 70% of household heads were part of a joint family
system, and 84 percent were waiting for rain to irrigate their agricultural area.
Exploring Jordanian women's resistance strategies to domestic violence: A sco...Rula alsawalqa
Despite there being an abundant gender and social science research on domestic violence (DV) in Jordan, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic, there is limited understanding and knowledge of women's resistance strategies to DV. To fill this gap, this study conducted a scoping review to synthesize and analyze 11 articles published in English-language scholarly journals between 2001 and 2021 by following the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. The databases of the University of Jordan Library, Dar Almandumah, PsycINFO, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus were searched in December 2021. Our review found no scientific articles that primarily discussed Jordanian women's resistance to DV and explicate it as a secondary aim within the context of screening for the causes, consequences, and prevalence of DV. Therefore, while a few articles implicitly conceptualized women's resistance in the context of the patriarchal structure—either as tactics of physical, social, economic survival, and to protect their family and honor, or as consequences of DV—no article provided an explicit definition of this concept. The articles also deliberated on 12 resistance strategies that women use to deal with DV; predominant among them are daily resistance, activities hidden for immediate and de facto gains (e.g., to avoid beatings, divorce and family disintegration, the decision to keep their children, and maintaining economic stability). The most common strategies are silence and not seeking help, reporting to family members or friends, seeking legal and social advice, and reporting to the police or healthcare provider.
The role of patriarchal structure and gender.pdfRula alsawalqa
In Jordan, premarital romantic relationships are still socially
unacceptable as they contradict traditional values and
norms. Although previous studies have examined cyber
dating abuse (CDA), few have utilized an exploratory qualitative design to clarify male abusers' perceptions of their
motivations, particularly in Arabic and clan environments.
Therefore, this study conducted a thematic qualitative
analysis of 47 male university students aged 19–26 and
asked about their experiences and beliefs regarding their
engagement in CDA against female romantic partners via
social media (WhatsApp, Facebook) and mobile phone.
Two themes were identified: (1) contexts and motivations
for male perpetration of CDA (2) consequences of CDA for
the male perpetrators. The results revealed that control and
direct aggression and sexual behaviors are common practices among male perpetrators; gender identity and male
entitlement are related factors, enabling and normalizing
male abusive behavior. Women, taught to be submissive by
Jordanian society, are unable to defend themselves. violence-related Hence,
CDA also predicts offline intimate partner behaviors. Moreover, the main motives for CDA from
the perspective of male perpetrator's are anger, jealousy,
revenge, abandonment, feeling betrayed by female partners, earning money, sexual exploitation, and inci
Music Students’ Perception Towards Music Distance.pdfRula alsawalqa
During COVID-19 pandemic countries faced various levels of
COVID-19 infection rates. This affected the educational process where universities were forced to switch to online learning. This situations crated various
challenges for university schools in general and music schools in specific, in
dealing with this situation that necessitates emergency measures to continue the
academic course amid the lock-downs and social distancing measures. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the effectiveness of online methods of learning and to decide their feasibility and appropriateness for music students. Thus,
this research aimed at investigating Music Students’ Perception towered Music
E-learning Education during COVID-19 Pandemic. Also it aims at investigating
music Distance learning knowledge, attitudes and practices and challenges faced
to provide suggestions for solving the challenges. An online survey distributed to
a sample of (83) students from the music department at the University of Jordan.
The survey sought population and socio-economic information and information
relating to electronic and online musical training; musical education during the
COVID-19 pandemic; mental music assessments; and the skills, attitudes and
practices of E-learning. Most respondents (76.2%) agreed that distance learning
is applicable in music department. (54.2%) of the respondents agreed distance learning is a possible substitute for standard education. However, E-learning has actually been created as a modern way of improving the process of learning and improving learning performance.
تناقش هذه الدراسة اشكالية علم االجتماع يف الوطن العريب بعدما تعالت األصوات اليت تنادي بعدم أمهيته، وضعف منهجه، والتشكيك بعلمية اخلطاب السوسيولوجي، ووصفه علم يقض املضاجع، ورغم تناول الباحثني العرب هذه االشكالية بزخم طيلة السنوات السابقة، من انحية أتصيله وتباين االجتاهات النظرية واملنهجية و مدى تطبيق يه آبليته املنهجية والفكرية يف فهم الواقع العريب ومناقشته يف ظل أسبقية فكر اآلخر على واقع األان، وتقدمي قراءات نقدية ألبرز التحدايت اليت تواجه الدراسات السوسيولوجية يف الوطن العريب اليت سعت للكشف عن معرفة العالقة بني علم االجتماع ورهاانته ابجملتمع وتطوراته، واليت وصفت من قبل البعض ابألزمة، إالّ اجملال السوسيولوجي يف الوطن أن هذه الدراسة جاءت لتحلل واقع العريب يف ظل الثورة التقنية والتكنولوجية وظهور اجملتمعات االفرتاضية كمجتمعات بديلة، وثورات الربيع العريب،
The Relationship between Aggressive Behaviour and Social-Psychological Adjust...Rula alsawalqa
This article aims to detect the relationship between aggressive
behaviour and social-psychological adjustment in students from the
Faculty of Sports Education, and to identify differences in aggressive
behaviour and social-psychological adjustment in accordance with
(gender and academic level) variables. The scale of aggressive
behaviour and social-psychological adjustment were distributed to
(80) undergraduate students in the Department of Physical Education
at An-Najah National University. The study results suggest that the
average level of aggressive behaviour amongst students was (2.79),
while the level of social-psychological compatibility was high at
(3.72). Moreover, the findings reveal that there is a close relationship
between social and psychological adjustment and aggressive behaviour
in students. Additionally, the variables of gender and academic level
have no effect on the level of aggressive behaviour and socialpsychological adjustment of students.
The Threat of the covid‑19 pandemic to human rightsRula alsawalqa
Although the COVID-19 pandemic in Jordan was largely contained, the response of the Jordanian government faced criticism
from both local and international organizations due to undermining rights guaranteed under international law and covenants.
As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, weaknesses in the Jordanian labor market and a lack of public safety tools and
requirements relating to social protection among labor categories were identifed. The pandemic also became an excuse for
restricting media freedom and expression. The COVID-19 means of mitigation undertaken by the Jordanian government
to ease the impact on citizens and afected economic sectors failed due to a lack of political reform and the weak economic
and social structures in place before the crisis. The Jordanian government should now reconsider its responses in order to be
reasonable, proportionate, coordinated, and human rights-based.
Emotional burnout of the most important psychosocial phenomena which has roots Grounded in social
relations—reactions in social interactions—especially in
the work environment, and it goes beyond mental health
by focusing on specific stressors in the workplace to
emphasize total life and environmental pressures affecting
health. This article examines and reveals the levels of
Emotional Burnout among working wives, and how this
relates to the demographic dimension. For this purpose,
the general social surveying method was used to collect
data. T
The Relationship between Emotional Labor and Emotional Exhaustion “A Field St...Rula alsawalqa
This study aims to explore the relationship between the emotional labor of nurses and emotional exhaustion. Also, aims to examine the relationship between the emotional labor of nurses and each
of the variables: Age, work department, the social status, shift, Job satisfaction, and the nurse’s job position. The Emotional labor Scale and Emotional Exhaustion Scale were used as a data collection
tool. The study population consisted of all (42) private hospitals in the capital, Amman. A regular random sample of (494) nurses was chosen from five private hospitals in the capital, Amman. The
results revealed that Levels of emotional labor and emotional exhaustion were moderate for nurses. Moreover, there is a positive correlation between the emotional labor and the emotional exhaustion among nurses. However, in practicing emotional labor, nurses rely more on deep acting than superficial acting. And the dimensions of the emotional labor of the nurses came in the following order (duration, frequency, diversity, deep acting, superficial acting) Also, there were statistically significant differences in the levels of emotional labor among nurses due to the variables of (age, work department and Job satisfaction).
Values Conflict in Virtual Space "A Systematic Approach to the Study of Soci...Rula alsawalqa
This study clarifies the concept of values conflict and identifies the most prominent topics in the virtual space by guiding the issues of interactive symbolic theory to find out its causes and understand its
dimensions. The results found, most prominent topics that raised values conflict of individuals in the economic field is gain and consumption and in the social field, emerged the issue of generational conflict, electronic violence, deepening the lack of social belonging, spread and promote deviant behavior and abnormal sexual orientation. In the political field, reshaping political awareness emerged through the ability promoting new ideologies and political trends in the interest of individuals, their homelands in a way provoking conflict, reviving religious factors returning it to the public field, promote values of loyalty ,belonging, emergence of digital citizenship, contributing promotion of principles of democracy and liberation. Regarding the cultural field, phenomenon of alienation, everything related to the identity, cultural specificity of members of society emerged, which was targeted by intellectual cultural invasion, leading to subordination, self-reliance, surrender, and denial of nationalism, national and personal identity.
The Impact of Electronic Media in Formation Social Awareness Study in Socio...Rula alsawalqa
The aim of this study isto reveal the impact of electronic media in the formation of social
awareness among Jordanian university students (governmental and private). The sample was
selected to represent a two-dimensional study community: Al Balqa Applied University
(Government University) & Amman Private University (Private University). A random sample of
(585) students was selected. (392) students from Applied University of Balqa and (193) students
from Amman Private University. The study applied a questionnaire of 27 subjects to measure the
impact of electronic media in shaping the social awareness of university students. The results
found that the electronic media has influenced the formation of social awareness among Jordan
university students; The variable is due to the type of university for the favor of the students of
public universities and not to the gender variable.
Keywords: Cyber sociology; Socio-informatics; Electronic media; Social awareness.
Is the sociopath socially intelligent? A new framework for understanding soci...Rula alsawalqa
The characteristics of sociopathy vary in the context of
its overlap with the concept of "psychopathy, and antisocial personality". The characteristic of social
intelligence is associated with who is infected with
sociopathy. Therefore, this article was designed to
follow the scientific heritage of sociopathy, to specify its
characteristics, and to analyze them in order to clarify
the possibility of describing the sociopath as being
intelligent socially. In light of the analysis of the concept
of social intelligence, it is not possible to describe the
sociopath as being intelligent socially, even if he has
apparent superficial charm.
The relationship between social intelligence and emotional intelligence: a ...Rula alsawalqa
This article aimed to examine the relationship between social
intelligence and emotional intelligence via comparative qualitative
research methods. As a result, people may not be able to categorize
their feelings precisely when they face physiological changes in their
bodies, or they may not be sure of the events that activate their
feelings, so they must adhere to the cultural rules of emotions that
must be revealed to others. The study concluded that emotion is an
essential part of forming and shaping the concept of social intelligence,
and social intelligence includes emotional intelligence but is broader
and more general than it.
Cyberbullying, social stigma, and self-esteem: the impact of COVID-19 on stud...Rula alsawalqa
The spread of the COVID-19 pandemic has transformed the way people live, work, and socialize, and has perhaps
even altered the reasons why they harass one another. To our knowledge, the present study is one of the first
studies to address cyberbullying among university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Additional objectives
were to reveal the causes and types of cyberbullying that university students from East and Southeast Asia have
experienced because of COVID-19, and to explore the relationship between cyberbullying and self-esteem. Of the
525 university students from different East and Southeast Asian countries and varied academic backgrounds who
were invited to participate in the study, 310 students agreed and were included. Moreover, a sample of 400
Jordanian undergraduate students, who participated in cyberbullying against East and Southeast Asian students
on social media, answered a questionnaire to reveal their reasons for engaging in bullying during the COVID-19
pandemic. This study also examined the relationship and differences between sex and nationality. The findings
revealed that cyberbullying contributed to low self-esteem in students of East and Southeast Asian descent who
were victims of bullying. Men were more likely to be bullies and cyberbullies than women. The bullies admitted
that the main reason for cyberbullying was humor, and that they were unaware that their harsh or aggressive
behaviors could be categorized as bullying. This study aimed to make a positive contribution to the scant literature on cyberbullying/cyber racism among university students in an Arab country. We believe our findings can
help guide the formulation of policies and solutions that address cyberbullying, especially between resident and
foreign students
Dialectical Relationship Between Terrorism and Human Security: A Sociological...Rula alsawalqa
This article analyzes the dialectical relationship between terrorism and human security to reveal its dimensions and their role in counterterrorism and to understand what motivates individuals to join terrorist groups. Adopting a qualitative methodological design, data were analyzed through deductive reasoning from the sociological perspective. The findings revealed that terrorist threats to human security could not be addressed through traditional mechanisms alone. They require a new consensus that recognizes the linkages and interdependencies between development, human rights, and national security through a comprehensive approach that uses a wide range of new opportunities.
Marriage Burnout: When the Emotions Exhausted Quietly Quantitative ResearchRula alsawalqa
Background: When the spouses are aware of the fact that each one has emotional needs thatmust be fulfilled, it will lead to decrease
the marital satisfaction, such as the lack of awareness which will lead to marriage burnout in a long-term period.
Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the impacts of the spouses’ age, years of marriage, and the nature of marriage
burnout dimensions, especially the emotional exhaustion.
Methods: The researcher of the present study applied a Maslach burnout inventory (MBI) scale to 392 families whose ages were
within the range of (23 - 67) years. Those spouses were married for (1 - 35) years and had children.
Results: Descriptive statistics showed a higher marriage burnout level among the spouses who work in a full-time job and the ones
who do not work in comparison to the ones who work in a part-time job. Emotional exhaustion is mostly influenced by the increase
in the spouses’ ages and years of marriage. Although there was no impact for the years of marriage on depersonalization, personal
accomplishment and depersonalization were mostly influenced by the spouses’ nature of work.
Conclusions: Marriage burnout is a painful state of emotional exhaustion and physical and emotional depletion experienced by
spouses. This state results from emotional exhaustion, work exhaustion, and failure to fulfill the requirements of their marital
relationships, especially the emotional requirements. Spouses having children are more exposed to experience marriage burnout.
Keywords: Marriage Burnout, Emotional Exhaustion, Maslach Burnout Inventory, Years of Marriage
Emotional labour, social intelligence, and narcissism among physicians in JordanRula alsawalqa
Although many studies have investigated relationships between emotional labour and
emotional intelligence among hospital staff, few have paid attention to social intelligence in
this field. This study explored the relationships between emotional labour, social intelligence,
and narcissism among physicians in governmental hospitals in Jordan. The goal was to
improve the understanding of the causes of patients abusing physicians in Jordan. Some
patients have maintained that physicians are responsible for hostile behaviour against them,
as these resulted from medical errors, physician negligence, and a failure to provide adequate
care, exacerbated by physician narcissism, lack of empathy, verbal miscommunication, and
lack of sympathy in critical cases. Findings confirmed that whenever physicians engage in
strategies of emotional labour, they display higher social intelligence and lower levels of
narcissism. Moreover, social intelligence does not mediate the relationship between emotional labour and narcissism. The results of the study suggest that interventions by the Jordan
Medical Association to reduce physical and verbal assaults on physicians should encompass
more than a mere legal focus.
Roti Bank Hyderabad: A Beacon of Hope and NourishmentRoti Bank
One of the top cities of India, Hyderabad is the capital of Telangana and home to some of the biggest companies. But the other aspect of the city is a huge chunk of population that is even deprived of the food and shelter. There are many people in Hyderabad that are not having access to
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Ang Chong Yi Navigating Singaporean Flavors: A Journey from Cultural Heritage...Ang Chong Yi
In the heart of Singapore, where tradition meets modernity, He embarks on a culinary adventure that transcends borders. His mission? Ang Chong Yi Exploring the Cultural Heritage and Identity in Singaporean Cuisine. To explore the rich tapestry of flavours that define Singaporean cuisine while embracing innovative plant-based approaches. Join us as we follow his footsteps through bustling markets, hidden hawker stalls, and vibrant street corners.
Roti Bank Delhi: Nourishing Lives, One Meal at a Time
Khan21215.pdf
1. https://doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.113.21215 21350
Afr. J. Food Agric. Nutr. Dev. 2022; 22(8): 21350-21361 https://doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.113.21215
DIET AND HYPERTENSION: FOOD TO EAT AND TO AVOID
Raza Ullah1, Saima Sarir2, Younas Khan3*, Shakeel Ahmad4,
Rula Odeh Alsawalqa5, Shafqat Ullah6, Muhammad Sajjad7
Younas Khan
*Corresponding email author: younas.soc@aup.edu.pk
1MPhil Scholar, Department of Rural Sociology, The university of Agriculture
Peshawar Pakistan
2Lecturer, Department of Rural Sociology, The university of Agriculture Peshawar
Pakistan
3PhD Scholar, Department of Rural Sociology, The university of Agriculture
Peshawar Pakistan
4Teaching/Research associate, Department of Sociology, Kohat University of
Science & Technology, Kohat-Pakistan
5Associate Professor, Department of Sociology, The University of Jordan
6Lecturer, Department of education and psychology, Kohat University of Science &
Technology, Kohat-Pakistan
7Epidemiologist, Gajju Khan Medical College Swabi Khyber Pukhtunkhwa,
Pakistan
2. https://doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.113.21215 21351
ABSTRACT
The current study, which was conducted in the district Dir (Upper) in Khyber
Pukhtunkhwa Pakistan, investigated the relationship between dietary patterns and
the prevalence of hypertension. A total of three hundred and thirty one sample size
was determined from 2500 respondents as per the Sekarn criteria. The sampled
respondents were recruited from Rural Health Centers (RHC) and other clinics and
dispensaries in Tehsil (Sub-division) Sheringal of district Dir Upper, Khyber
Pukhtunkhwah Pakistan using a convenient sampling method. Further, the data
were collected through a structured questionnaire covering the study variables,
which were dietary habits (independent variable) and hypertension (dependent
variable). Moreover, the selected data were analyzed by the application of SPSS
(25 version) by applying descriptive statistics and chi-square test statistics
analysis. Furthermore, all the attributes of hypertension were indexed and cross-
tabulated to expose the association with dietary habits at bivariate level analysis.
With descriptive statistics, the results indicated that majority of the respondents,
with regards to gender identity, who suffered from hypertension were male,
between the age group of 40-59 years, with a high illiteracy level. At bivariate level
a significant association was found between hypertension and lack of proper food;
less vegetable consumption; and excessive usage of salty food was the major
cause of hypertension. Based on the aforementioned findings, it is possible to
conclude that the respondents' poor daily food habits were the root cause of their
hypertension. Furthermore, the consumption of fatty and salty foods rather than
vegetables was discovered to be additional contributing factors to hypertension in
the research location. As a result, the study recommends that changes in dietary
habits, living alteration, regular blood pressure checks and consultations with
doctors, a diet plan, exercise, avoiding stress and anxiety, and raising awareness
about the prevalence of hypertension are all essential for hypertension issue to be
controlled.
Key words: Sociology of Food, Dietary habits, Hypertension, Chi-square, Dir
Lower
3. https://doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.113.21215 21352
INTRODUCTION
Hypertension or high blood pressure is the force of blood against the artery walls
during circulation in the body. Around the world, approximately one billion people
have high blood pressure that causes premature deaths and the number is
expected to rise to 1.56 billion by 2025. Worldwide, eight million people die every
year due to hypertension. It is also known as silent killer and it mostly results from
increasing age and poor life style. Moreover, there is a close linkage between
hypertension and diabetes; sixty percent of people with hypertension also have
diabetes [1]. Hypertension had been a disease of people living in urban and
developed countries; however, recent studies show its increase in other developing
countries especially in rural areas. Several social factors affect hypertension
including income, education, employment, and insecurity of life [2].
Likewise, research validated that anxiety, depression, self-esteem, and hostility are
associated with hypertension [3,4]. Destructive social environment is also
responsible for hypertension due to the prevalence of social interaction among
society. This interaction of social factors with the diseases have compelled
sociologists to study the social factors in line with medical investigation to
overcome the chronic condition of the diseases affecting social life adversely. The
fourth version of healthy people, a countrywide health program held by United
States Department of Health and Human Services has described population
health, especially using social determinants approach. Moreover, a work full
panacea was designed by the concerned department to eradicate poverty and
provide education to all and other social aspects, which deteriorate the health of
inhabitants. This plan makes a new topic area of social determinants of health
approach to reframe a new approach towards the achieving of sustainable health
[4].
Biological, psychological, and social factors are associated risk factors of
hypertension. Psychological condition of a person significantly influences the
physical appearance of human body. Experimental evidence showed high
prevalence of stress, anxiety, and depression among hypertensive patients.
Depression is dominant in hypertensive people and association of hypertension
with depression has been recognized before, as investigators showed patients
reporting high stages of fertility were indicated three times likely to become
hypertensive in the near future [5].The study further recommends that anxiety is
also one of other major reasons of increasing blood pressure, considered as a
significant factor in the etiology of hypertension. Stress is also identified to be an
associated factor with hypertension, which causes numerous cardiac
4. https://doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.113.21215 21353
complications. Stress level also perpetuates the rise of heart rate in young age.
Hypertension is the greatest significant determinant of kidney and cardiovascular
diseases, and an important risk factor for mortality. Every year at least 7.1 million
people die worldwide because of hypertension. In 2008, nearly a billion older
people and adults aged 25 years had hypertension, in which three quarters of the
figure were living in developing countries [6]. Despite such high frequency,
awareness and blood pressure control are unfortunately poor in developing
countries as disclosed by World Health Organization [6]. As an ignored global
health issue, farmers and agricultural workers are thought to be healthier and have
lower mortality and morbidity rates than non-farming people of urban and rural
residents. This argument had been conveyed as probably attributable to a healthier
lifestyle, particularly with reference to smoking habits and drinking. In addition,
consumption of healthier foods and physical activities followed by farmers versus
non-farmers in rural and urban territory. Keeping in view the above stock of
literature, the present study is designed to explore the socio-economic factors
leading to hypertension and the association between unhealthy food and
hypertension through x2 test statistics.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A cross-sectional research design through quantitative measure was conducted in
Tehsil Sheringal (district Dir upper Khyber Pukhtunkhwa Pakistan). As per pilot
survey (Dec, 2019), the study faced difficulties regarding access to health services
due to the persistent nature of institutional impediments in the developmental
sectors. Patients visited just one Rural Health Center [RHC] and four
clinics/dispensaries, namely Hashmi Medical Center, Riaz Pharmacy, Rehman
Hospital and University Health Center. As per the record of the RHC and the fore-
mentioned clinics, a total of 2500 patients visit these health centers each month.
Based on 2500 patient record, a sample size of 331was obtained as per Sekarn [7]
criteria of sample size selection. Further, convenient sampling technique was used
for data collection through structured questionnaire [Likert scale]. Pre-tested and
necessary changes were made in the questionnaire in light of feedback in the pilot
survey. The sample size was further proportionally allocated to each clinic as per
the formula given by Bowley as mentioned below (see table 1).
n! ="
#
∗ N!
Where n = Required sample size
N = Population size
N! = Size of ith strata
n! = sample Size to be taken from ith strata
5. https://doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.113.21215 21354
After the collection of primary data, Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (25
versions) was used to edit the data and draw the results. Descriptive statistics,
frequency and percentage distribution at univariate level was analyzed. Whereas,
at bivariate level, inferential statistics (chi square test) was used through cross
tabulation method (indexation of dependent variable) to ascertain the association
between dependent (hypertension) and independent variables (dietary habits). The
procedure to calculate the Chi Square test results then followed.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Demographic profile determines the potentials and abilities of an individual’s
performance at either level. The sub-section explains the gender, age, educational
qualification, occupation, family size, monthly income, working hours, blood
pressure (diastolic & systolic), disease duration and use of medicine to control
hypertension as well as whether the respondents take readings of their blood
pressure on a regular basis or not. Based on descriptive statistics table (2), the
majority 53.5% of the respondents belonged to the same age group, 40-59 years.
It could be deduced from these findings that, respondents between the age group
40 to 59 years suffered more, and were more affected by hypertension as
compared to the older or those below the categorization. Furthermore, with regards
to gender identity, majority of the respondents were male, 66.8%. Based on these
results, it could be concluded that male members of the study area suffered more
due to psychological and physical burdens of familial dynamics in terms of being a
household head, and their children responsibilities. However, women who suffered
from hypertension, suffered as a result of domestic violence. In addition, 49% of
the sampled respondents were illiterate. Based on these findings it could be
concluded that, non-availability of schooling and other sources of awareness are
factors that led to the deterioration of the health of the local inhabitants. In addition,
occupational distribution of the sampled respondents showed that many, 35.6%,
were unemployed. Similarly, many, 48% of the respondents had high blood
pressure levels. In addition, with regards to the use of medicines for blood
pressure, a majority, 69.5%, of the sampled respondents used medicines for
controlling blood pressure level while the remaining 30.5% managed their condition
by being involved in other activities like walking and other exercises.
Table 4 shows the perceptions of sampled respondents regarding hypertension;
61.3% of them disclosed that hypertension is a serious problem. Further, 58.3%
opined that hypertension has increased in rural areas, and 58% of the sampled
respondents stated that hypertension is a serious killer. Moreover, 48.9% of
6. https://doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.113.21215 21355
respondents are more conscious regarding hypertension. In addition, 55.9% of the
respondents stated that hypertension is a major threat to the life of rural
population, 60.1% responded that death ratio increased due to hypertension day
by day, and 56.5% of the respondents agreed that in rural areas, people were not
conscious of hypertension.
Table 5 highlights the association between hypertension and dietary habits through
application of chi square test statistics. A significant association (P=0.035) was
found between hypertension and lack of food concern. Likewise, a significant
association (P=0.026) was detected between hypertension and lack of proper food
access and utilization. Moreover, a significant association (P=0.004) was found
between hypertension and lack of diet plan on daily basis. However, a non-
significant association (P=0.065) was detected between hypertension and eating of
beef and fatty food. Lastly, a significant association (P=0.035; P=0.000) was found
between hypertension and less usage of vegetables and salty food utilization,
respectively.
It could be deduced from the above inferences that, hypertension is a disease
referred to sometimes as a silent killer that disrupts the overall societal patterns.
Rural inhabitants are more unconscious of hypertension. The pushing factors
towards hypertension cases included lack of resources and awareness regarding
dietary intake, less vegetable usage, salty and fatty food access. Risk factors, like
socio economic status, gender, family type, education, dietary habits, race, salt
intake, alcohol consumption, tobacco smoking, physical inactivity and sedentary
lifestyle, as social determinants cause non-communicable diseases like
hypertension as witnessed by Mushtaq and Najum [8], Peter and Khan [9] and
Khan [10].
CONCLUSION
A cross-sectional based study was conducted in district upper Dir to explore the
dietary habits as an association with hypertension. The study revealed at
descriptive statistics that out of 331 sample respondents, a majority who suffered
from hypertension were male, in the age group of 40-59 years. Fatty and excessive
salty food consumption on a regular basis were the major pushing factors of
surging hypertension in the study area. This study recommends that hypertension
can only be controlled if changes are made in dietary habits, life modification,
regular checkup of blood pressure and consulting doctors, diet plan, exercise,
avoidance of stress and anxiety and awareness about prevalence of hypertension.
Moreover, salty and sugary foods, and foods high in saturated fats can increase
7. https://doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.113.21215 21356
blood pressure. At the same time, avoiding red meat and drinks that contain added
sugars, and consumption of indigenous food is strongly recommended to
overcome hypertension.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The author(s) appreciates all the sampled participants for giving the primary data.
Also, the principal author acknowledged all the contribution of The Agriculture
University Peshawar for awarding of M. Phil degree in the field of sociology. In
addition, the authors fully acknowledged the work of anonymous reviewers and the
editorial team of this esteemed journal for making this article possible.
8. https://doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.113.21215 21357
Table 1: Distribution of sample size in various Hospitals of UC Sheringal
S.No Hospitals Average no. of Monthly
Patients
Sample Size
1 Rural Health Centers 2000 265
2 Clinics/ Dispensaries 500 66
Total 2500 331
10. https://doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.113.21215 21359
Table 3: Blood Pressure and Medicines used by the sampled Respondents
Characteristics No. of
respondents (%)
Blood Pressure
Systolic 140-150 and Diastolic 90-
95
159(48.0)
Systolic 151-160 and Diastolic 95-
100
85(25.7)
Systolic 161-170 and Diastolic
101-100
2(0.6)
Systolic 171-180 and Diastolic
106-110
85(25.7)
Use of medicine
Yes 230(69.5)
No 101(30.5)
Total 331(100.0)
Source: Survey 2019
Table 4: Frequency and Percentage distribution Regarding Hypertension
Statements/ Attributes Yes(%) No(%) Uncertain(%)
Hypertension is a serious problem 203(61.3) 50(15.1) 78(23.6)
Hypertension has increased in
rural areas
193(58.3) 59(17.8) 79(23.9)
You consider hypertension as a
silent killer
192 (58.0) 63(19.0) 76(23.0)
You are more concerned about
hypertension now
162(48.9) 115(34.7) 54(16.3)
You considered hypertension as a
major threat to the life of rural
population
185(55.9) 55(16.6) 91(27.5)
There is an increase in death rate
due to hypertension now a day’s
199(60.1) 48(14.5) 84(25.4)
People in rural areas don’t care
about hypertension
187(56.5) 62(18.7) 82(24.8)
11. https://doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.113.21215 21360
Table 5: Association of Hypertension with Dietary habits
Statement Attribute Yes(%) No(%) Uncertain
(%)
Total Statistics
You are not concerned
about the food you eat
Yes 84(25.4) 23(6.9) 23(6.9) 130(39.3) x2=10.376
P=0.035
No 96(29.0) 53(16.0) 40(12.1) 189(57.1)
Uncertain 04(1.2) 03(0.9) 05(1.5) 12(3.6)
Lack of proper food is a
major cause of your
hypertension
Yes 121(36.6) 38(11.5) 33(10.0) 192(58.0) x2=11.053
P=0.026
No 25(7.6) 15(4.5) 16(4.8) 56(16.9)
Uncertain 38(11.5) 26(7.9) 19(5.7) 83(25.1)
You do not have a diet plan
for eating on daily basis
Yes 61(18.4) 12(3.6) 10(3.0) 83(25.1) x2=15.637
P=0.004
No 96(29.0) 51(15.4) 41(12.4) 188(56.8)
Uncertain 27(8.2) 16(4.8) 17(5.1) 60(18.1)
Beef is an integral part of
your diet
Yes 42(12.7) 28(8.5) 23(6.9) 93(28.1) x2=8.831
P=0.065
No 119(36.0) 37(11.2) 35(10.6) 191(57.7)
Uncertain 23(6.9) 14(4.2) 10(3.0) 47(14.2)
You eat fatty food on daily
basis
Yes 42(12.7) 28(8.5) 23(6.9) 93(28.1) x2=8.831
P=0.065
No 119(36.0) 37(11.2) 35(10.6) 191(57.7)
Uncertain 23(6.9) 14(4.2) 10(3.0) 47(14.2)
You eat fat free food
regularly
Yes 61(18.4) 12(3.6) 10(3.0) 83(25.1) x2=15.637
P=0.004
No 96(29.0) 51(15.4) 41(12.4) 188(56.8)
Uncertain 27(8.2) 16(4.8) 17(5.1) 60(18.1)
Less use of vegetable
leads to hypertension
Yes 84(64.6) 23(6.9) 23(6.9) 130(39.3) x2=10. 376
P=0.035
No 96(29.0) 53(16.0) 40(12.1) 189(57.1)
Uncertain 4(1.2) 3(0.9) 5(1.5) 12(3.6)
Salt free food is useful in
hypertension
Yes 96(29.0) 53(16.0) 29(8.8) 178(53.8) x2=31. 254
P=0.000
No 51(15.4) 4(1.2) 9(2.7) 64(19.3)
Uncertain 37(11.2) 22(6.6) 30(9.1) 89(26.9)
12. https://doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.113.21215 21361
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